Modeling intentions to sanction among anglers in a catch-and-release recreational fishery for golden dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) in Salta,Argentina     

Daniel A. Chapman  Tyler O. Gagne  Kimberly L. Ovitz  Lucas P. Griffin  Andy J. Danylchuk  Ezra M. Markowitz 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2018,23(4):391-398

Catch-and-release (C&R) angling is a powerful tool for reducing impacts on recreationally targeted fishes. Although C&R can be mandated in fisheries through regulation, voluntary adoption and informal management are often critical due to minimal enforcement opportunities. Anglers themselves may play a role in increasing C&R adoption through interpersonal sanctioning (i.e., self-policing). To date, little research has examined factors that predict the willingness of anglers to sanction others’ behavior. We present results from surveys (n = 49) with anglers in Argentina to explore their motivations to sanction other anglers within their stakeholder community. Anglers with the strongest intentions to sanction were younger and more open to adopting best practices, identified fishing as important to their lifestyle, and expressed high environmental concern relative to other anglers. Our findings highlight the role that recreational anglers can play in promoting best practices via interpersonal sanctioning and identify barriers that inhibit this type of action.  相似文献   

Scale-specific habitat relationships influence patch occupancy: defining neighborhoods to optimize the effectiveness of landscape-scale grassland bird conservation     

Michael R. Guttery  Christine A. Ribic  David W. Sample  Andy Paulios  Chris Trosen  John Dadisman  Daniel Schneider  Josephine A. Horton 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(3):515-529

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Susan Futrell: Good apples: behind every bite     

Carol J. Pierce Colfer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(3):735-736

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An evaluation of the injury and short-term survival of bonefish (Albula spp.) as influenced by a mechanical lip-gripping device used by recreational anglers     

Andy J. Danylchuk  Aaron Adams  Steven J. Cooke  Cory D. Suski   《Fisheries Research》2008,93(1-2):248-252

Mechanical lip-gripping devices are becoming popular among recreational anglers as a means of holding fish for hook removal and photos prior to release in an effort to minimize scale or slime loss from handling. To date, however, there has been no actual evaluation of the consequences of using such a device on the health and survival of the fish. Using wild adult bonefish (Albula spp.) as the test organism, we assessed the impact of a commonly used mechanical lip-gripping device on fish injury, behavior, and survival in a seawater laboratory. Upon further review, this sentence would be more accurate if it read “A detailed assessment of injury and short-term (<48 h) mortality was conducted for bonefish handled with a mechanical lip-gripping device for 30 s either while being restrained horizontally in water or held vertically in the air. A control group was also handled, but only with bare hands. Although no fish died after 48 h, the lip-gripping device caused mouth injuries to 80% of bonefish restrained in the water and 100% of bonefish held in the air, always when fish thrashed while being held. Some of the injuries were severe (40%) and included separating the tongue from the floor of the mouth, creating tears and holes in the soft tissue of the lower jaw, and splitting the mandible. Anglers should use caution when using mechanical lip-gripping devices for bonefish, at least until additional studies are conducted to help tease apart how the risk of injury using mechanical lip-gripping devices on less exhausted individuals compares to the risk of post-release mortality for fish exercised to exhaustion.  相似文献   

Sperm concentration in the mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus edulis</Emphasis> L.: a spectrophotometric measurement protocol     

Miguel A. del Rio-Portilla  Andy R. Beaumont 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(6):573-580

Quantifying spermatozoa concentration in milt samples is very important for aquaculture purposes, particularly when equal numbers of gametes are needed for experimental purposes, and different methods can be used. Haemocytometer and Coulter counting are the most precise methods to count spermatozoa, but they are very difficult to use when large numbers of samples are involved. A standard curve of spectrophotometric absorbance (A) against sperm concentration ([S]) was used herein instead, and an equation for estimating spermatozoa concentration for the mussel Mytilus edulis L. was obtained. The best wavelength to measure mussel spermatozoa was 320 nm, with a precision two or three times higher than at other wavelengths. The equation for spermatozoa concentration was A = 8.592 × 10⁻⁵ [S] + 0.0190 (r ² = 0.9979). Recommendations for choosing the best wavelength are discussed.  相似文献   

Reservoir entrapment and dam passage mortality of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Middle Fork Willamette River     

Matthew L. Keefer  Gregory A. Taylor  Douglas F. Garletts  Chad K. Helms  Greg A. Gauthier  Todd M. Pierce  Christopher C. Caudill 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(2):222-234

Abstract – High‐head dams in Oregon’s Willamette River basin inhibit seaward migration and present significant mortality risks to ESA‐listed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Over 7 years, we passively collected 13,365 downstream‐migrating juvenile salmon in rivers above and below Willamette dams. Most salmon emigrated from upstream sites in February–June, but passed dams in November–February when reservoirs were drawn down near annual lows, and access to deep‐water passage routes improved. Samples collected above reservoirs were dominated by subyearlings, whereas below‐dam samples were a phenotypically diverse mix of subyearling, yearling and older salmon. The life history data indicated that Willamette reservoirs seasonally entrap many salmon and some sea‐ready smolts probably residualise. Annual dam‐passage mortality estimates were 8–59% (mean = 26%). Individual salmon mortality risk increased significantly with body length and varied with reservoir elevation and discharge. Operational changes that allow timely volitional emigration and development of less hazardous passage routes would benefit this threatened population.  相似文献   

Effects of continuous optimal fertilization on belowground ectomycorrhizal community structure in a Norway spruce forest     

Fransson PM  Taylor AF  Finlay RD 《Tree physiology》2000,20(9):599-606

Studies of effects of fertilizer treatment on ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure have predominantly been based on large, single additions of nitrogen. Studies involving chronic additions of nutrients in combination with irrigation are much less common. We used morphotyping to study effects of balanced additions of a nutrient solution on ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure in a 36-year-old stand of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Despite high variability among individual samples, principal components analysis revealed a clear shift in community structure in response to fertilization. Irrigated plots receiving only water did not differ significantly from untreated control plots. Mycorrhizal root tips colonized by Cenococcum geophilum Fr. were significantly more common in fertilized plots than in control plots. Possible responses by other ectomycorrhizal species were masked by high variability. Over sixty morphotypes were distinguished, but there was no measurable effect of either fertilizer or irrigation treatment on morphotype richness or total number of root tips.  相似文献   

Wirkung von ätherischem öl ausAcorus calamus (L.)-Rhizomen und β-Asaron auf den großen KornbohrerProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera,Bostrichidae)     

Dipl.-Ing. agr. S. Pierce  Prof. Dr. G. H. Schmidt 《Journal of pest science》1993,66(5):89-96

In the early 1980s,Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) spread out uncontrollably in aras south of the Sahara, having been brought in by imported maize from tropical regions of America. Its main diet is maize; it reproduces at a great rate in stored maize cobs. Attempts were made to control this pest usingAcorus calamus oil and its main ingredient β-asarone, as the use of similar oils has been shown to arrest the development of other insects. Vapourising the maize kernels and cobs was unsuccessful and in some cases led to a significant increase in the destruction of maize and the reproduction of beetles. However vapourisation killed hungry beetles within 3 days; short periods of treatment achieved a high rate of pest destruction, leaving the survivors with a reduced appetite and reproductive rate. Spraying of maize cobs did not prevent infestation; beetles able to infect these cobs reproduced normally. Success was only achieved by spraying maize kernels, usingAcorus calamus oil dosed at 750 mg per kilo maize; damage was then restricted to 5%.  相似文献   

Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms     

Moreau CS  Bell CD  Vila R  Archibald SB  Pierce NE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5770):101-104

We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), based on 4.5 kilobases of sequence data from six gene regions extracted from 139 of the 288 described extant genera, representing 19 of the 20 subfamilies. All but two subfamilies are recovered as monophyletic. Divergence time estimates calibrated by minimum age constraints from 43 fossils indicate that most of the subfamilies representing extant ants arose much earlier than previously proposed but only began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene. This period also witnessed the rise of angiosperms and most herbivorous insects.  相似文献   

West Nile virus in horses     

Durham A 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(21):723; discussion 723

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