Development of primary cell culture from spleen of giant gourami Osphronemus goramy for propagation of giant gourami iridovirus (GGIV)     

Lila Gardenia  Sukenda Sukenda  Muhammad Zairin Junior  Angela Lusiastuti  Alimuddin Alimuddin 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(8):829-838

The severe mortality of fish due to the infection of megalocytivirus caused significant economic losses. Since 2011, megalocytivirus (giant gourami iridovirus (GGIV)) has become the main pathogen in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy), particularly in West Java, Central Java and Bali. This study aimed to develop primary cell culture from spleen as the target organ for propagating megalocytivirus in vitro, which was developed by explant method with enzymatic dissociation. Optimization was carried out at incubation temperature, medium and serum concentrations. The origin of the primary cell, cell susceptibility and GGIV pathogenicity were observed. The results showed that the primary cell (GP cells) can grow well in 10% foetal bovine serum L-15 medium at 27°C, which was sufficient for cell growth. PCR and BLAST analyses showed the primary cell was originated from giant gourami. In infected GP cells, cell enlargement and cell rounding were observed. Virus propagated in GP cells was highly virulent when injecting giant gourami in an artificial infection experiment. Intraperitoneal injection of diluted virus supernatant showed 100% mortality in 7–11 days post-injection and 97% mortality in 21 days post-cohabitation, with abnormalities observed in spleen and kidney. In conclusion, GP cell was successfully subcultured for more than 30 passages and susceptible to GGIV.  相似文献   

Developing a standard approach for assessing the hydromorphology of lakes in Europe     

Philip Boon  Christine Argillier  Angela Boggero  Marzia Ciampittiello  Judy England  Monika Peterlin  Sneana Radulovi&#x;  John Rowan  Hanna Soszka  Gorazd Urbani 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(4):655-669

Pinger affects fish catch efficiency and damage to bottom gill nets related to bottlenose dolphins     

Giuseppa Buscaino  Gaspare Buffa  Gianluca Sarà  Antonio Bellante  Antonio Josè TonelloJr.  Fernando Augusto Sliva Hardt  Marta Jussara Cremer  Angelo Bonanno  Angela Cuttitta  Salvatore Mazzola 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):537-544

There is some evidence that the presence of Tursiops truncatus in fishing areas represents a real economic threat to fishermen due the dolphin feeding on the entangled fish, damaging the nets and reducing the fish catch. We have carried out experiments to assess the efficiency of a pinger in decreasing the interaction between the dolphins and fishing nets, in a fishing area off the coast of southern Italy, where Tursiops truncatus is frequently observed to interact with bottom gill nets. Two identical monofilament bottom gill nets (900 m long), one equipped with pingers and the other without, were used to measure the effect of these pingers on the abundance of the catch and net damage. For each haul (58 in total), data on dolphin sightings near the nets, damage judged to have been done by dolphins, weight and species composition of the catch were collected. All damage to the nets were recorded at the end of each haul. Dolphins in the fishing area were sighted 11 times out of 29 fishing activities (38%). The net equipped with pingers contained 28% more fish (biomass) than the net without pingers (t test, P < 0.04) and was less damaged (−31%, t test, P < 0.01). To assess whether the efficacy of these pingers remain constant over long period, long-term experiments should be carried out.  相似文献   

Complete Lipooligosaccharide Structure from Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens Sq02-Rifr and Study of Its Immunomodulatory Activity     

Rossella Di Guida  Angela Casillo  Antonietta Stellavato  Celeste Di Meo  Soichiro Kawai  Jun Kawamoto  Takuya Ogawa  Tatsuo Kurihara  Chiara Schiraldi  Maria Michela Corsaro 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are surface glycoconjugates embedded in the external leaflet of the outer membrane (OM) of the Gram-negative bacteria. They consist of three regions: lipid A, core oligosaccharide (OS), and O-specific polysaccharide or O-antigen. Lipid A is the glycolipid endotoxin domain that anchors the LPS molecule to the OM, and therefore, its chemical structure is crucial in the maintenance of membrane integrity in the Gram-negative bacteria. In this paper, we reported the characterization of the lipid A and OS structures from Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens Sq02-Rif^r, which is a psychrotrophic Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the intestine of Seriola quinqueradiata. The immunomodulatory activity of both LPS and lipid A was also examined.  相似文献   

Initiale Marschbodenentwicklung aus brackigen Sedimenten des Dollarts an der südwestlichen Nordseeküste     

Luise Giani  Angela Landt 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(5):549-553

Initial marsh soil development from brackish sediments The initial marsh soil development from brackish sediments was investigated in a transect from the tidal flat to the dike in the southeast Dollart (Lower Saxony, Germany). Oxidized morphological features increased from the tidal flat to the dike. Simultaneously the bulk density increased from 0.57 g cm^—3 to 1.12 g cm^—3 and the water content decreased from 78.8 % to 54.9 %. The soils closest to the tidal flat were massive, those closest to the dike had a crumble structure. The clay/carbonate ratio increased slightly from 3.3 to 4.8 in the same succession as well as the C/N ratio from 13.9 to 15.6. Likewise the salinity decreased from 7.8 ‰ to 1.5 ‰ and the dominance of Na was replaced by Ca within the pool of exchangeable and soluble cations. The data indicate initial processes of marsh soil development: structure forming, settlement, aeration, salt and lime loss, decomposition and changing ratios of adsorbed cations. Similar to marine developments the soils will enter the terrestrial phase as carbonate containing soils not characterized by the brackish sedimentation conditions. For the initial development of today old marshland soils (”︁Kleimarshes”) from brackish sediments, in contrast, it is likely, that they were already free of carbonate when entering the terrestrial phase. This is explained by long‐term reduction and oxidation of sulfur and low sedimentation rates.  相似文献   

The role of job uncertainty in inter‐regional commuting: The case of Italy     

Angela Parenti  Cristina Tealdi 《Growth and change》2019,50(2):634-671

This paper studies the evolution of the determinants of inter‐regional commuting in Italy in the period 1992–2016, during which the labour market has been significantly reformed. To capture the changes in commuting patterns, the analysis of the role of individual, job, firm, and regional characteristics is performed. Specifically, the focus is on the impact of job uncertainty at both micro and macro level, through the analysis of the way the diffusion of temporary contracts has affected the decision to commute for work. The findings suggest that in more recent years workers hired on a temporary contract are more likely to commute to another region. Moreover, the higher the relative share of temporary contracts in the region of residence, the higher the probability of commuting across regions. These findings support the idea that the strong utilisation of (short) temporary contracts represents a push factor, which drives workers away in search of better job opportunities, with potentially negative consequences for poorly performing regions.  相似文献   

Hydrolysis of ginger bagasse starch in subcritical water and carbon dioxide     

Moreschi SR  Petenate AJ  Meireles MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1753-1758

Ginger bagasse from supercritical extraction was hydrolyzed using subcritical water and CO(2) to produce reducing sugars and other low molecular mass substances. Response surface methodology was used to find the best hydrolysis conditions; the degree of hydrolysis and the yield were the two response variables selected for maximization. The kinetic studies of the hydrolysis were performed at 150 bar and temperatures of 176, 188, and 200 degrees C. The higher degree of hydrolysis (97.1% after 15 min of reaction) and higher reducing sugars yield (18.1% after 11 min of reaction) were established for the higher process temperature (200 degrees C). Different mixtures of oligosaccharides with different molecular mass distributions were obtained, depending on the temperature and on the reaction time. The ginger bagasse hydrolysis was treated as a heterogeneous reaction with a first-order global chemical kinetic, in relation to the starch concentration, which resulted in an activation energy of 180.2 kJ/mol and a preexponential factor of 5.79 x 10(17)/s.  相似文献   

Preliminary Evaluation of Seaweed Application Effects on Soil Quality and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)     

Angela R. Possinger  José A. Amador 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(1):121-135

The practice of applying seaweed to agricultural fields may provide plant nutrients and improve soil quality in coastal agroecosystems, but little is known about its effects on soil properties or crop production. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of changes in soil biological and chemical properties and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) production using seaweed as a partial source of nitrogen (N) (40–55%) for one growing season, using a preformulated organic fertilizer treatment for comparison. Soil electrical conductivity, potassium (K⁺), sulfate (SO₄^2-), and active carbon (C) increased with seaweed addition relative to the organic fertilizer, whereas potentially mineralizable N and pH decreased, with effects varying over time. Sweet corn yield and quality were either equivalent to that with the organic fertilizer or improved. The short-term positive (e.g., increased active C) and negative (e.g., increased salt levels) effects on soil quality suggest further evaluation of this practice is justified.  相似文献   

The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Holt RA  Subramanian GM  Halpern A  Sutton GG  Charlab R  Nusskern DR  Wincker P  Clark AG  Ribeiro JM  Wides R  Salzberg SL  Loftus B  Yandell M  Majoros WH  Rusch DB  Lai Z  Kraft CL  Abril JF  Anthouard V  Arensburger P  Atkinson PW  Baden H  de Berardinis V  Baldwin D  Benes V  Biedler J  Blass C  Bolanos R  Boscus D  Barnstead M  Cai S  Center A  Chaturverdi K  Christophides GK  Chrystal MA  Clamp M  Cravchik A  Curwen V  Dana A  Delcher A  Dew I  Evans CA  Flanigan M  Grundschober-Freimoser A  Friedli L  Gu Z  Guan P  Guigo R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):129-149

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