Effect of mulching on soil and plant water status, and the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a semi-arid environment     

Debashis Chakraborty  Shantha Nagarajan  V.K. Gupta  R.N. Garg  A. Sarkar  K.S. Sundara Sarma 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(12):1323-1334

Mulching is one of the important agronomic practices in conserving the soil moisture and modifying the soil physical environment. Wheat, the second most important cereal crop in India, is sensitive to soil moisture stress. Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 in a sandy loam soil to evaluate the soil and plant water status in wheat under synthetic (transparent and black polyethylene) and organic (rice husk) mulches with limited irrigation and compared with adequate irrigation with no mulch (conventional practices by the farmers). Though all the mulch treatments improved the soil moisture status, rice husk was found to be superior in maintaining optimum soil moisture condition for crop use. The residual soil moisture was also minimum, indicating effective utilization of moisture by the crop under RH. The plant water status, as evaluated by relative water content and leaf water potential were favourable under RH. Specific leaf weight, root length density and dry biomass were also greater in this treatment. Optimum soil and canopy thermal environment of wheat with limited fluctuations were observed under RH, even during dry periods. This produced comparable yield with less water use, enhancing the water use efficiency. Therefore, it may be concluded that under limited irrigation condition, RH mulching will be beneficial for wheat as it is able to maintain better soil and plant water status, leading to higher grain yield and enhanced water use efficiency.  相似文献   

Citric acid loaded nano clay polymer composite for solubilization of Indian rock phosphates: a step towards sustainable and phosphorus secure future     

Trisha Roy  Samar Chandra Datta  Abhijit Sarkar  Siddhartha Sankar Biswas 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(11):1564-1581

Non-renewable nature of rock phosphate (RP) reserves coupled with open ended nature of P cycle makes it imperative for maximum utilization of available P resources. In this context, use of Indian RPs from Purulia and Udaipur along with citric acid loaded nanoclay polymer composite (CA-NCPC) as P source to costly diammonium phosphate (DAP) was investigated through an incubation experiment followed by a greenhouse experiment with wheat-rice cropping sequence in a Luvisol (pH 5.14, available P 13.5 mg kg^?1). Soil available P, crop yield parameters and dynamics of soil P fractions were taken to judge the efficacy of CA-NCPC in solubilizing RPs. Application of CA-NCPC and DAP resulted in 82% and 69% increase in available P over control, respectively under incubation study. Direct effect of treatment receiving CA-NCPC + RP on yield and P uptake by wheat was comparable with DAP but residual impact of CA-NCPC + RP (16.7 g pot^?1) was better than DAP (13.8 g pot^?1) in rice. The changes in inorganic P fractions were also significant as inclusion of RP increased calcium-P from 16.1 to 61.5 mg kg^?1. Results indicated potentiality of RPs treated with CA-NCPC as an alternate P source which could prove promising amidst P scarcity.  相似文献   

Projecting Future Crop Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Requirement of Potato in Lower Gangetic Plains of India using the CROPWAT 8.0 Model     

Saon Banerjee  S. Chatterjee  S. Sarkar  S. Jena 《Potato Research》2016,59(4):313-327

A study on evapotranspiration from potato fields was conducted in the Lower Gangetic Plains of India. The input data required for the CROPWAT irrigation management model was collected, and evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirement (IWR) for potato crops were calculated using the model. Firstly, the CROPWAT model was validated by comparing simulated crop evapotranspiration (SET) with actual ET calculated through the field water balance method. Thereafter, SET and IWR for nine locations in the lower Gangetic plains of India were calculated for the period from 1996–1997 to 2008–2009, for the current situation (using 20-year-average weather data of the stations), and for elevated thermal conditions, i.e. considering 2 and 3 °C increases over the current temperature. The future change in IWR for potato up to 2050 was also calculated considering the projected climatic scenario generated by the PRECIS model. The CROPWAT calculated IWR values showed an increasing, though not statistically significant, trend in requirement of irrigation water for potato across the nine locations during the period from 1996–1997 to 2008–2009. At a temperature increase of 2 °C over normal, the mean SET of potato would increase by 0.06 mm per day and the average IWR would be 6.0 mm per season more. If the mean temperature would be 3 °C more than normal, the SET would be 0.16 mm day^?1 higher and the IWR 16.6 mm. Also based on the projected climatic scenario generated by the PRECIS model, the future SET up to 2050 showed an increasing trend. The present study indicates increasing demand for irrigation water, which may significantly affect the agricultural scenario in the region.  相似文献   

Effect of inorganic nitrogen nutrition on cytokinin-induced potato microtuber production in vitro   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Debabrata Sarkar  Prakash S. Naik 《Potato Research》1998,41(3):211-217

Summary The effect of inorganic nitrogen nutrition on the induction and development of microtubers by cytokinin-induced tuberization was studied in four potato genotypes belonging to different maturity groups. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a reduction in total nitrogen level in the Murashige & Skoog medium would improve cytokinin-induced tuberization rate. The effect of three levels of total nitrogen (15, 30 and 45 meq) on tuberization was studied at constant (20 meq K) and varying potassium levels approximating to 5, 10 and 15 meq. Reducing the total nitrogen supply increased the number but decreased the size of nitrogen level on the rate of assimilate partitioning (harvest index) during cytokinin-induced microtuberization.  相似文献   

A mechanized harvest system for freshwater fishpond     

K.K. Sharma  Bikash Sarkar  S. Chand  S.K. Nayak 《Aquacultural Engineering》2009,41(3):147-151

Development of a prototype-mechanized fish harvesting system for carp from a rectangular shaped fishpond is described in this paper. The system consists of motorized trolleys on the longer dykes of fishpond, rail, boom pipe, netting arrangement and ON/OFF arrangements. The trolleys move on the rail tracks with constant speed of 3 m/min and takes about 15 min to complete the harvesting operation. The overall mean harvest efficiency of Indian major carps (IMC) with mechanized fish harvesting system has been estimated to be around 80% per operation. The whole harvesting operation is done mechanically except collection of harvested fishes at the end of operation, which presently requires two persons getting into the pond and lifting out the fishes from the net.  相似文献   

Autoregressive technique in length growth modelling of two Indian major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton) and Labeo rohita (Hamilton), reared under two holding conditions     

T K Basu  B Bhattacharyya  S K Sarkar  S Ganguly  C Medda 《Aquaculture Research》1998,29(9):625-634

An autoregressive analysis was performed on data from an investigation of the velocity and acceleration of the day-to-day length increments of two Indian major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton) and Labeo rohita (Hamilton), hatched in artificial (Chinese-style hatchery) and semi-natural (improvised pits) holding conditions. The autoregressive model, which was capable of providing short- and long-term predictions, was tested in parallel with a time regressive model and an instantaneous growth rate model. The estimate simulating short-term predictions was found to describe the data more efficiently than the other estimates of the models. Product-moment correlations comparing the two holding systems revealed no source-specific variation of growth between the species. However, the significant length velocity correlation suggests that the artificial system has greater efficacy.  相似文献   

Les hydrolases du sol et leur association avec les hydrates de carbone     

J.M. Sarkar  L. Batistic  J. Mayaudon 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1980,12(4):325-328

Soil hydrolases and their association with carbohydrates. Active enzymes isolated from soil in the form of carbohydrate-enzyme-complexes could not be separated from each other by DEAE cellulose chromatography. All enzymes measured in this complex were recovered in Chromatographie fractions with different specific activities and variations in carbohydrate contents. There is however, no linear relationship between the quantity of carbohydrates and specific activities of the fractions. The carbohydrate-enzyme-complexes are not glycoproteins, but the enzymes are physically adsorbed on polysaccharides in a non-covalent manner. The essential role of this carbohydrate is to protect the enzyme systems against denaturation or proteolysis, thus ensuring their stability in soil.  相似文献   

Multi-scale prediction of landscape resistance for tiger dispersal in central India     

Ramesh Krishnamurthy  Samuel A. Cushman  Mriganka S. Sarkar  Manjari Malviya  Moorthy Naveen  Jeyaraj A. Johnson  Subharanjan Sen 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(6):1355-1368

  相似文献   

Organic Recycling for Soil Quality Conservation in a Sub-tropical Plateau Region   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

K. Chakrabarti  B. Sarkar  A. Chakraborty  P. Banik  D. K. Bagchi 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,184(2):137-142

The long-term effect of organic recycling on some aspects of quality in a lowland rice soil of an Indian plateau region was studied. The experiment was set up at the agricultural experimental farm of the Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Bihar, India. Two rice cultivars, and treatments with four organic supplements (cowdung manure, Leuceana leaves, decomposed farm residue and Sesbania ), chemical fertilizers (urea, superphosphate and muriate of potash) and no input were arranged in a factorial randomized block design. Organic supplements improved soil quality parameters such as water holding capacity, total organic C, microbial biomass C, urease and acid phosphatase activities of soils in comparison to chemical fertilizers and no input. Among the organic supplements, cowdung manure gave significantly higher organic C (1.39%), microbial biomass C (276.46 μg g⁻¹ dry soil), urease activity (32.79 and 21.22 μg urea hydrolized g⁻¹ dry soil h⁻¹ at 37 °C by the buffer and non-buffer method, respectively) and acid phosphatase activity (1.99 μmol p-nitrophenol released g⁻¹ dry soil h⁻¹ at 37 °C) than the others. The conversion of organic C into biomass C (2.46%) was highest in Leuceana -treated soil.  相似文献   

Karyotype analysis and chromosomal evolution in Asian species of Corchorus (Malvaceae s. l.)     

Prosanta Saha  Debabrata Sarkar  Avijit Kundu  Subhabrata Majumder  Swapan K. Datta  Karabi Datta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(6):1173-1188

Here, we report the karyotypes and mean haploid idiograms of the ten Asian Corchorus species (2n = 2x = 14). Chromosomes were small, with a mean chromosome length of 2.30 μm. The largest chromosome was recorded in C. pseudo-olitorius (3.50 μm) and the shortest in C. pseudocapsularis (1.60 μm). The karyotypes of the two cultivated species (C. capsularis and C. olitorius) and C. pseudo-olitorius were the most diverse and specialized, whereas those of C. depressus and C. trilocularis were the least diverse. C. fascicularis had the most asymmetrical and C. urticifolius the most symmetrical karyotypes. An increase in genome size was accompanied by increasing karyotype diversity in terms of morphologically distinct chromosome types and interchromosomal asymmetry, with uneven distribution of additional DNA throughout the karyotype. A positive correlation between interchromosomal asymmetry and dispersion index suggested that size differences between chromosomes were mainly associated with karyotype asymmetry. Karyotypes of the Corchorus species became progressively asymmetrical in the course of evolution. Relationships among the ten Corchorus species were defined by using a neighbor-joining tree inferred from inter-simple sequence repeat data. C. fascicularis and C. pseudocapsularis, with shorter karyotypes and smaller genomes, were closely related to C. pseudo-olitorius and C. capsularis, respectively, which were characterized by relatively longer karyotypes and larger genomes. However, the two cultivated species with different levels of interchromosomal asymmetries, dispersion indices and genome sizes were distantly related. Taking this molecular evidence into consideration, we have discussed chromosomal evolution in relation to karyological data including genome size.  相似文献