Hormone effects on in vitro proliferation and rooting of Grevillea explants     

Cherubino Leonardi  Antonino Ruggeri  Stefano la Malfa 《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,90(3-4):335-341

Explants of Grevillea rosmarinifolia A. Cunn. and Grevillea×semperflorens F.E. Brigs ex Mullig., obtained from vegetative stem segments, were grown on a modified MS medium, which was supplemented with different contents of cytokinins (BA or K) to evaluate optimal conditions for bud proliferation. Auxins (NAA or IBA) were tested to evaluate rooting.

The multiplication rate was often higher in G. rosmarinifolia than in G.×semperflorens. Explant activity varied significantly depending on the cytokinin type and its concentration. The addition of cytokinins to the culture medium often promoted an increase in the number of shoots produced by each propagule, but at the highest BA concentration, shoot differentiation was inhibited in Grevillea×semperflorens. Only the higher concentrations studied (5–10 mg/l) produced better results with K, whereas BA was more effective at 1–2 mg/l. Rooting efficiency of the young shoots was lower in G. rosmarinifolia than in G.×semperflorens. IBA promoted root development in both species and was more effective at the highest concentration (1 mg/l). NAA gave better results at low concentrations (0.2 mg/l) in G. rosmarinifolia, while it had slight or negative effect on rooting of G.×semperflorens.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: betanin and indicaxanthin   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Butera D  Tesoriere L  Di Gaudio F  Bongiorno A  Allegra M  Pintaudi AM  Kohen R  Livrea MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6895-6901

Sicilian cultivars of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) produce yellow, red, and white fruits, due to the combination of two betalain pigments, the purple-red betanin and the yellow-orange indicaxanthin. The betalain distribution in the three cultivars and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from edible pulp were investigated. In addition, the reducing capacity of purified betanin and indicaxanthin was measured. According to a spectrophotometric analysis, the yellow cultivar exhibited the highest amount of betalains, followed by the red and white ones. Indicaxanthin accounted for about 99% of betalains in the white fruit, while the ratio of betanin to indicaxanthin varied from 1:8 (w:w) in the yellow fruit to 2:1 (w:w) in the red one. Polyphenol pigments were negligible components only in the red fruit. When measured as 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalents per gram of pulp, the methanolic fruit extracts showed a marked antioxidant activity. Vitamin C did not account for more than 40% of the measured activity. In addition, the extracts dose-dependently inhibited the organic hydroperoxide-stimulated red cell membrane lipid oxidation, as well as the metal-dependent and -independent low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The extract from the white fruit showed the highest protection in all models of lipid oxidation. Purified betanin and indicaxanthin were more effective than Trolox at scavenging the [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt cation radical. Cyclic voltammetric measurements show two anodic waves for betanin and indicaxanthin, and differential pulse voltammetry shows three anodic waves for betanin, with calculated peak potentials of 404, 616, and 998 mV, and two anodic waves for indicaxanthin, with peak potentials of 611 and 895 mV. Betanin underwent complex formation through chelation with Cu(2+), whereas indicaxanthin was not modified. These findings suggest that the above betalains contribute to the antioxidant activity of prickly pear fruits.  相似文献   

The reproductive system at the neuroendocrine-immune interface: focus on LHRH,estrogens and growth factors in LHRH neuron-glial interactions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Morale MC  Gallo F  Tirolo C  L'Episcopo F  Gennuso F  Testa N  Caniglia S  Spina-Purrello V  Avola R  Scoto GM  Marchetti B 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2003,25(1):21-46

Bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems plays a pivotal role in health and disease. Signals generated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis (i.e. luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, LHRH, and sex steroids) are major players coordinating the development immune system function. Conversely, products generated by immune system activation exert powerful and longlasting effects on HPG axis activity. In the central nervous system (CNS), one chief neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) compartment is represented by the astroglial cell population and its mediators. Of special interest, the major supporting cells of the brain and the thymus, astrocytes and thymic epithelial cells, share a similar origin and a similar set of peptides, transmitters, hormones and cytokines functioning as paracrine/autocrine regulators. This may explain some fundamental analogies in LHRH regulation of both cell types during ontogeny and in adult life. Hence, the neuropeptide LHRH significantly modulates astrocyte and thymic cell development and function. Here we focus this work on LHRH neuron-glial signaling cascades which dictate major changes during LHRH neuronal differentiation and growth as well as in response to hormonal manipulations and pro-inflammatory challenges. The interplay between LHRH, growth factors, estrogens and pro-inflammatory mediators will be discussed, and the potential physiopathological implications of these findings summarized. The overall study highlights the plasticity of this intersystem cross-talk and emphasize neuron-glial interactions as a key regulatory level of neuroendocrine axes activity.  相似文献   

Accuracy of a Flash Glucose Monitoring System in Diabetic Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

S. Corradini  B. Pilosio  F. Dondi  G. Linari  S. Testa  F. Brugnoli  P. Gianella  M. Pietra  F. Fracassi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(4):983-988

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Potato <Emphasis Type="Italic">R1</Emphasis> resistance gene confers resistance against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis> in transgenic tomato plants     

Luigi Faino  Paola Carli  Antonino Testa  Gennaro Cristinzio  Luigi Frusciante  Maria Raffaella Ercolano 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):233-241

Tomato is challenged by several pathogens which cause loss of production. One such pathogen is the oomycete Phytophthora infestans which is able to attack all the aerial parts of the plant. Although a wide range of resistance sources are available, genetic control of this disease is not yet successful. Pyramiding R-genes through genetic transformation could be a straightforward way to produce tomato and potato lines carrying durable resistance to P. infestans. In this work the R1 potato gene was transferred into tomato lines. The tomato transgenic lines were analyzed by using q-RT-PCR and progeny segregation to determine the gene copy number. To test the hypothesis that R1 represents a specifically regulated R-gene, transgenic tomato plants were inoculated with P. infestans isolate 88133 and IPO. All the plants containing the R1 gene were resistant to the late blight isolate IPO-0 and susceptible to isolate 88133. These results provide evidence for specific activation of the R1 gene during pathogen challenge. Furthermore, evidence for enhancement of PR-1 gene expression during P. infestans resistance response was obtained.  相似文献   

Fumigant bioactivity of five Citrus essential oils against Tribolium confusum     

Orlando Campolo  Antonino Malacrinò  Lucia Zappalà  Francesca Laudani  Eleonora Chiera  Demetrio Serra  Mariateresa Russo  Vincenzo Palmeri 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(2):223-233

During the past decades, the huge use of pesticides caused several environmental problems, so research investigations moved to find a series of compounds with selective toxicity, of a biodegradable and environment-friendly nature, maintaining a positive action in crop and stored products protection. In this perspective, interesting results in the control of pests and fungal pathogens were obtained using essential oils, which are compounds produced by many species of plants as secondary metabolites. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the fumigant activity of five Citrus essential oils against the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Du Val, planning a possible employment in the mill industry. The fumigant effectiveness was evaluated 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the start of exposure and each essential oil was analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. Further evaluations about the toxicity of these compounds were made by partially filling the glass vials with food matrix, in order to assess the possible interference of this matter on the active compounds. The data obtained indicated that, at a low level of fumigant concentration, essential oils can effectively control stored product pests; in the presence of debris, like flour, the efficacy decreased. Plant extracts caused also increased mortality levels after the end of fumigation. The results obtained from this experimentation confirm the efficacy of essential oils in pest control and, in particular, against stored product pests.  相似文献   

Formulation of a new sustainable feed from food industry discards for rearing the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus     

Laura Ciriminna  Geraldina Signa  Antonino Maurizio Vaccaro  Concetta Maria Messina  Antonio Mazzola  Salvatrice Vizzini 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1046-1057

The lack of suitable feeds for echinoculture has led to use natural resources already widely exploited by human activities. To move towards a higher sustainability of echinoculture, this study proposes a sustainable feed for Paracentrotus lividus. Two experimental formulations were obtained using discarded endive (Cichorium endivia) leaves and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) industry discards in different proportions, and agar as a binder. The evaluation of the feed stability showed that the feed was stable for 72 hr, allowing a suitable feeding for sea urchins. Both formulations showed a proper nutritional value and fatty acid profile, corresponding to the features of the main ingredients and resulting suitable for echinoculture. A bioenergetic trial was carried out to measure daily ingestion rate, absorption efficiency and gonado‐somatic index in sea urchins. They resulted also palatable and well absorbed by sea urchins, especially that one with higher fish content. At the end of the experiment, an increase in gonado‐somatic index was also recorded. Despite further analysis is needed to assess the performance of the feed in terms of gonad yield and quality, these encouraging results indicate that food industry discards may be suitable alternative ingredients for the production of sustainable feeds for sea urchin aquaculture.  相似文献   

Lipid oxidation and amylopectin molecular weight changes occurring during storage of extruded starch samples     

Sarah E. Bowen  David A. Gray  Chrystelle Giraud  Mahsa Majzoobi  Claudia E. Millan Testa  Luis A. Bello Prez  Sandra E. Hill 《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,43(3):275-283

Using thermomechanical extrusion, waxy maize starch and 4% (w/w) lipid were formed into strips. The lipids used were free fatty acids (mostly linoleic) and antioxidant stripped sunflower oil (either previously oxidised or fresh, with and without copper ions). By altering their water content it was possible to store, at the same temperature, sample strips in the glassy and rubbery states. Lipid oxidation was monitored by determining hexanal in the headspace above all stored samples. The molecular weights of the amylopectin in the samples of extruded products (dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, precipitated and redissolved using a pressure cell) were determined by asymmetric flow-field-flow fractionation, analytical ultracentrifugation and light scattering. The initial rate of hexanal generation was higher in samples stored in the glassy state compared with those in the rubbery state. Waxy maize and extruded samples, at the start of the storage period and after 42 days, were used to establish the molecular weight of the amylopectin. A significant fall (a decrease of 40%) in molecular weight was found on storage of samples containing sunflower oil and copper ions and those containing free fatty acids, irrespective of the method used for molecular weight determination.  相似文献   

CT assessment in canine meningoencephalomyelitis     

Drago V  Fatone G  Testa A  Reale S  Paciello O  Meomartino L 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(Z1):S279-S281

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Identification of aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer, a natural antioxidant, in dietary vegetables     

Macone A  Nardini M  Antonucci A  Maggio A  Matarese RM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(7):2169-2172

Aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer (simply named dimer) is a natural sulfur-containing tricyclic compound detected, until now, in human urine, bovine cerebellum, and human plasma. Recently, the antioxidant properties of this compound have been demonstrated. In this investigation, the presence of aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer was identified in garlic, spinach, tomato, asparagus, aubergine, onion, pepper, and courgette. Identification of this compound in dietary vegetables was performed using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results from GC analysis range in the order of 10(-4) micromol of dimer/g for all the tested vegetables. These results and the lack of a demonstrated biosynthetic pathway in humans might account for a dietary supply of this molecule.  相似文献