Sero-epidemiological survey of Neospora caninum infection in dogs in north-eastern Italy     

Capelli G  Nardelli S  di Regalbono AF  Scala A  Pietrobelli M 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,123(3-4):143-148

Risk factors associated with Neospora caninum seroprevalence in north-eastern Italy in healthy dogs were assessed. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 10.9% of 707 kennel and owned dogs by a commercial competitive ELISA (VMRD Inc.). All dogs were negative for Leishmania infantum by indirect fluorescent antibody test indicating no cross reactivity or association between the two protozoa in this area. Seroprevalence association with breed and age of dogs and other factors are discussed.  相似文献   

Efficacy of alpha-cyclodextrin against experimental cryptosporidiosis in neonatal goats     

Castro-Hermida JA  Pors I  Otero-Espinar F  Luzardo-Alvarez A  Ares-Mazás E  Chartier C 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,120(1-2):35-41

The efficacy of orally administered tablets containing alpha-cyclodextrin, an excipient used in the pharmaceutical industry with demonstrated anticryptosporidial activity in vitro and in neonatal mice, was evaluated in neonatal goat kids. The formulation was evaluated for hardness and was subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Twenty goat kids were orally inoculated with 10(6) oocysts of C. parvum within the first 6 days of age. Half of the animals were treated by oral administration of four tablets of alpha-cyclodextrin/day (500 mg/kg of body weight) for six consecutive days, the treatment beginning on the day of inoculation. Infection was monitored by daily examination of faecal samples from the first day to 25 days post-inoculation. The criteria studied in evaluating efficacy were: oocyst shedding, presence of diarrhoea and weight gain at 15 and 25 days post-inoculation. alpha-cyclodextrin was effective when given at the beginning of infection: there was a longer pre-patent period, a reduction in the patent period and a decrease in the intensity of infection, these differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with untreated neonatal kids. Moreover, except in one animal, the diarrhoea was prevented in infected neonatal kids. Animals from both groups increased the body weight and no significant differences were seen between the two groups.  相似文献   

Experimental acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: clinicopathological and immunopathological findings     

de Castro MB  Machado RZ  de Aquino LP  Alessi AC  Costa MT 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,119(1):73-86

Clinical signs, humoral and cellular immune responses, and microscopic and gross tissue alterations resulting from acute experimental Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs were studied. Four dogs were inoculated with E. canis and four were used as uninfected controls. After a 10-14-day incubation period, infected dogs developed pyrexia up to 41 degrees C for 6-8 days. Antibody titers to E. canis antigen were demonstrable in all inoculated dogs at 30 days post-infection. Necropsy of infected animals revealed pale mucous membranes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, edema and ascites. Microcopically, the main lesions were: lymphoreticular hyperplasia in cortical areas of lymph nodes and spleenic white pulp, periportal accumulation of mononuclear cells and centrolobular fatty degeneration of the liver. Kidneys presented with glomerulonephritis characterized by interstitial mononuclear infiltration. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen sections displayed alterations in IgG, IgM, CD3+ and CD8+ cells population in infected dogs.  相似文献   

Pre- and postoperative force plate analysis of dogs with experimentally transected cranial cruciate ligaments treated using tibial plateau leveling osteotomy   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Ballagas AJ  Montgomery RD  Henderson RA  Gillette R 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(2):187-190

Objective— Quantitative and objective assessment of hindlimb kinetics after cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) transection and subsequent stifle stabilization using the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in normal dogs.
Study Design— In vivo experimental biomechanical evaluation.
Animals— Six healthy adult foxhounds.
Methods— Dogs were screened by orthopedic and radiographic examination before study entry. Force plate analysis of gait was measured before extirpation of the right CrCL and TPLO and again at 8 and 18 weeks after surgery.
Results— There was a significant decrease in peak vertical forces (PVFs) and vertical impulse (VI) of the treated hindlimb at 8 weeks when compared with preoperative and 18-week measurements. When compared with preoperative values, there was no significant difference in 18 week PVF and VI in dogs that had TPLO.
Conclusion— TPLO can restore kinetic measures of limb function at 18-weeks after surgery when compared with preoperative values after experimental transection of the CrCL in dogs.
Clinical Relevance— TPLO induces lameness that returns to near normal at 18 weeks. The severity and duration of lameness was similar to that reported for other experimental models of stifle instability repaired by different techniques.  相似文献   

Preservation of cadavers for surgical technique training     

Guimarães da Silva RM  Matera JM  Ribeiro AA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(6):606-608

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a technique for preservation of organoleptic tissue characteristics (color, odor, texture, and flexibility) in cadavers used for surgical instruction. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Forty-three canine cadavers. METHODS: Cadavers were preserved with a modified Larssen solution of the Hospital Cochim, Paris and cryopreservation. Tissue handling qualities were evaluated in surgical laboratory sessions. RESULTS: All cadavers kept texture and tissues consistency, especially skin and muscle, similar to those of live animals. Some skin desquamation and pallor of the mucous membranes occurred with repetitive freeze-thaw cycles. CONCLUSIONS: This preservation technique provides acceptable cadaver quality and tissue handling for use in surgical instruction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preparation of patient cadavers by intravascular injection of modified Larssen solution yielded suitable instructional models for surgical training.  相似文献   

A rapid confirmatory method for analyzing tetracycline antibiotics in bovine, swine, and poultry muscle tissues: matrix solid-phase dispersion with heated water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry     

Bogialli S  Curini R  Di Corcia A  Laganà A  Rizzuti G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(5):1564-1570

A rapid, specific, and sensitive procedure for determining four widely used tetracycline antibiotics and three related epimers in bovine, swine, and poultry muscle tissues is presented. The method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with heated water as the extractant followed by liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) equipped with an electrospray ion source. Target compounds were extracted from tissues with 5 mL of water heated at 70 degrees C. After acidification and filtration, 100 microL of the aqueous extract was injected in the LC column. MS data acquisition was performed in the multireaction monitoring mode, selecting two precursor ion to product ion transitions for each target compound. Heated water appeared to be an excellent extractant, since the absolute recovery data ranged between 70 and 78%. The accuracy of the method was determined at three spike levels, using minocycline as a surrogate analyte, in any different kind of muscle tissues considered and varied between 88 and 109% with relative standard deviations ranging between 3 and 11%. Limits of quantification were estimated to range between 1 (chlortetracycline) and 9 ng/g (4-epioxytetracycline), based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 10, and are well below the tolerance levels set by the European Union. The effects of the extraction temperature, volume of the extractant, and washing of the material supporting the biological matrix with ethylenediamine tetraacetic disodium salt on the analyte recovery were studied.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a method for assaying sulfonamide antimicrobial residues in cheese: hot-water extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry     

Berardi G  Bogialli S  Curini R  Di Corcia A  Laganá A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(13):4537-4543

Several sulfonamide antimicrobials (SAAs) are largely used in veterinary medicine. A rapid, specific, and sensitive procedure for determining 12 SAAs in cheese is presented. The method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique followed by liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) equipped with an electrospray ion source. Target compounds were extracted from Mozzarella, Asiago, Parmigiano, Emmenthal, and Camembert cheese samples by 6 mL of water modified with 10% methanol and heated at 120 degrees C. The addition of methanol to hot water served to improve remarkably extraction yields of the most lipophilic SAAs, that is, sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline. After acidification and filtration, 100 microL of the aqueous extract was injected in the LC column. MS data acquisition was performed in the multireaction monitoring mode, selecting two precursor-to-product ion transitions for each target compound. Methanol-modified hot water appeared to be an efficient extractant, because absolute recovery ranged between 67 and 88%. Using sulfamoxole as surrogate analyte, recovery of the 12 analytes spiked in the five types of cheese considered at the 50 ng/g level ranged between 75 and 105% with RSD not higher than 11%. Statistical analysis of the mean recovery data showed that the extraction efficiency was not affected by the type of cheese analyzed. This result indicates this method could be applied to other cheese types not considered here. The accuracy of the method was determined at three spike levels, that is, 20, 50, and 100 ng/g, and varied between 73 and 102% with relative standard deviations ranging between 4 and 12%. On the basis of a signal-to-noise ratio of 10, limits of quantification were estimated to be <1 ng/g.  相似文献   

Simultaneous determination of eight water-soluble vitamins in supplemented foods by liquid chromatography     

Zafra-Gómez A  Garballo A  Morales JC  García-Ayuso LE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(13):4531-4536

A fast, simple, and reliable method for the isolation and determination of the vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and ascorbic acid in food samples is proposed. The most relevant advantages of the proposed method are the simultaneous determination of the eight more common vitamins in enriched food products and a reduction of the time required for quantitative extraction, because the method consists merely of the addition of a precipitation solution and centrifugation of the sample. Furthermore, this method saves a substantial amount of reagents as compared with official methods, and minimal sample manipulation is achieved due to the few steps required. The chromatographic separation is carried out on a reverse phase C18 column, and the vitamins are detected at different wavelengths by either fluorescence or UV-visible detection. The proposed method was applied to the determination of water-soluble vitamins in supplemented milk, infant nutrition products, and milk powder certified reference material (CRM 421, BCR) with recoveries ranging from 90 to 100%.  相似文献   

New polyphenol derivative in Ipomoea batatas tubers and its antioxidant activity     

Dini I  Tenore GC  Dini A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(23):8733-8737

Four different polyphenolic compounds were isolated by chromatographic methods from methanolic and hydromethanolic extracts of Ipomoea batatas tuber flour. On the basis of UV, mass, and NMR analysis procedures, the structure of the isolated compounds were determined as 4,5-di-O-caffeoyldaucic acid (1), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), and 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and characterization of compound 1. Then, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of daucic acid derivative by using DPPH and FRAP methods together with authentic antioxidant standards, l-ascorbic acid, tert-butyl-4-hydroxy toluene (BHT), and gallic acid. The activity of compound 1 in both methods was higher than that of all standards used at the same molar concentration.  相似文献   

Influence of harvesting method and washing on the presence of pesticide residues in olives and olive oil     

Guardia Rubio M  Ruiz Medina A  Molina Díaz A  Ayora Cañada MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8538-8544

The influence of the preliminary steps in olive oil production (harvesting and washing) on pesticide residues in olives and olive oil has been investigated. Analyses were performed by GC-MS/MS and revealed that endosulfan sulfate and two herbicides (diuron and terbuthylazine) were the most frequently found residues in olives and olive oil. The harvesting method has a decisive influence on herbicide concentrations found in olives. Thus, 16 and 48% of the olive samples harvested on the ground after falling from the tree presented concentrations higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for diuron and terbuthylazine, respectively. In olives harvested directly from the tree, diuron was not found at concentrations higher than MRL and terbuthylazine was found in only 10% of the samples. The washing step performed routinely in olive mills was effective in removing the superficial contamination by herbicides present in olives harvested on the ground. Nevertheless, even after washing, the olive oil obtained from ground olives showed herbicide residue concentrations higher than those obtained from tree olives.  相似文献