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41.
Akmoutsou P Mademtzoglou D Nakou I Onoufriadis A Papadopoulou X Kounatidis I Frantzios G Papadakis G Vasiliadis K Papadopoulos NT Mavragani-Tsipidou P 《Pest management science》2011,67(12):1534-1540
BACKGROUND: The insecticides spinosad and deltamethrin are being increasingly used in pest management programmes. In order to assess further their toxic effects to target and non‐target insect species, an evaluation was made of their insecticidal profile on Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) and Drosophila melanogaster (Meig.). Moreover, possible genotoxic effects of the two pesticides were investigated using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in D. melanogaster. RESULTS: Both insecticides were highly effective against B. oleae, exhibiting similar LC50 values. Moreover, they were found to be more effective against Bactrocera than against Drosophila adults. However, spinosad was significantly more toxic than deltamethrin to D. melanogaster. The results showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both insecticides under the in vivo experimental procedure employed, at least at applied doses. CONCLUSION: The present study provides information for lethal and sublethal effects of spinosad and deltamethrin against a target and a non‐target species. Both insecticides can exert high toxicity to B. oleae when adults are exposed even to very low doses for long periods of time. The results contribute to the database on the genotoxic potential of spinosad and deltamethrin, suggesting a safety profile for both insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Hairy fleabane is a weed found increasingly in agronomic crops and rural areas. Although glyphosate resistance is now widespread in this species, the ecological fitness of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) populations has not been compared. When seeds of both biotypes were subjected to different alternating temperature, germination occurring and seedling vigor did not differ between the biotypes with maximum germination at 10/20 and 15/25 °C. Under noncompetitive conditions, growth and seed production of the GR and GS biotypes were similar. The competitive ability of the two biotypes, as determined by a replacement series experiment, was also similar. Initially, the relative crowding coefficient (RCC) between the biotypes was close to one. However, the RCC values for each characteristic increased with time indicating that the GR had a small competitive advantage as plants matured. Overall, there was no apparent fitness penalty associated to glyphosate resistance. Therefore, the GR populations are likely to persist unless effective management strategies are adopted. 相似文献
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Dominiek Maes Ilias Chantziaras Eline Vallaey Kristel Demeyere Evelyne Meyer Geert P. J. Janssens 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):687-692
Despite the importance of swine intestinal health, there are no easy-to-use and cost-efficient methods to evaluate it under field conditions for sows. To provide some indication about intestinal health, pH of faeces could be used but reference values for the currently high-performing commercial sow breeds are missing. In response, faecal pH of healthy sows from three different herds (herd A: 230 sows, herd B: 350 sows, herd C: 500 sows) was measured throughout the reproductive cycle. Within each herd, 10 sows were selected and rectal faeces samples were collected at different time points during the reproductive cycle: day 90 of gestation, day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of lactation, 7 days post-weaning and day 30 of the next gestation. In addition, data on sow body condition (back fat), feed composition and coarseness of the feed were collected. For individual pH measurements, the pH ranged from 6.30 to 7.93. However, for all herds together, the average faecal pH value of the sows throughout the reproductive cycle ranged from 6.89 to 7.15. Also, the variations due to sow and time of sampling during the reproductive cycle were low with coefficients of variation of less than 5%. The results from the pairwise comparisons of the statistical model showed that in the last stages of lactation (i.e., at day 21), significantly lower average pH values (p ≤ .05) are expected when compared to earlier stages of lactation (days 3 or 7), or at day 7 post-weaning or compared to day 30 of the next gestation. Bearing its limitations, our study provided reference faecal pH values from high-performing commercial sows under field conditions and as such they could be used directly in the field. Yet, further research is needed to provide more information on the factors affecting pH values throughout the reproductive cycle of the sow. 相似文献
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Insecticide resistance in Trialeurodes vaporariorum populations and novel diagnostics for kdr mutations 
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First evidence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Italian Aedes albopictus populations 26 years after invasion 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Verena Pichler Romeo Bellini Rodolfo Veronesi Daniele Arnoldi Annapaola Rizzoli Riccardo Paolo Lia Domenico Otranto Fabrizio Montarsi Sara Carlin Marco Ballardini Elisa Antognini Marco Salvemini Emanuele Brianti Gabriella Gaglio Mattia Manica Pietro Cobre Paola Serini Enkelejda Velo John Vontas Ilias Kioulos Joao Pinto Alessandra della Torre Beniamino Caputo 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1319-1327