Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Petersen HH  Nielsen JP  Heegaard PM 《Veterinary research》2004,35(2):163-187

The body's early defence in response to trauma, inflammation or infection, the acute phase response, is a complex set of systemic reactions seen shortly after exposure to a triggering event. One of the many components is an acute phase protein response in which increased hepatic synthesis leads to increased serum concentration of positive acute phase proteins. The serum concentration of these acute phase proteins returns to base levels when the triggering factor is no longer present. This paper provides a review of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A and their possible use as non-specific indicators of health in large animal veterinary medicine such as in the health status surveillance of pigs at the herd level, for the detection of mastitis in dairy cattle and for the prognosis of respiratory diseases in horses.  相似文献   

Ossification of ungular cartilages in front feet of cold-blooded trotters - a clinical radiographic evaluation of development over time     

Ulf O Hedenstr?m  Ulf Olsson  Arne W Holm  Ove S Wattle 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)

Background

It has not yet been shown that ossification of ungular cartilages (OUC) is a pathological condition. Beside heredity, factors such as sex, age, repeated concussion, local trauma, hoof and body size have been suggested as contributing factors for OUC development. By comparing radiographs of front hooves from cold-blooded trotters with different age we wanted to evaluate when development of OUC in cold-blooded trotters occurs and if and when it stabilizes in relation to age and workload. Diagnosis and grading of OUC were based on radiological field examinations of 649 Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters’ front hooves. A hundred and forty-seven of the horses were re-examined 3-13 years (mean age 9, median 8 years) after the first occasion. All radiographs were evaluated blind, using two different grading systems for OUC. Work load, in form of number of races completed, and body size score were collected from official data. Four statistical ordinal regression models were used, compared and evaluated.

Results

We identified a breakpoint at 2.8 ± 0.38 years of age when ossification ends and proposed a simpler grading system with more consistent results. There was no significant correlation between body size and grade of OUC. Comparison of different statistical methods for evaluation of ordinal data revealed a piecewise linear regression model as most suitable.

Conclusions

Individuals with OUC developed this condition during the stage of life when their hooves develop in size. Results from this study can assist equine practitioners when examining and for understanding this condition in their clinical work and is also beneficial for the Scandinavian equine industry when devising breeding programs.  相似文献   

Biochemistry. SNO removal     

Holmgren A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5879):1019-1020

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Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway     

Richard F. Wright  Torstein Dale  Egil T. Gjessing  George R. Hendrey  Arne Henriksen  Merete Johannessen  Ivar P. Muniz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1976,6(2-4):483-499

Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of H⁺, SO⁼ ₄, and NO^? ₃ ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed.  相似文献   

Utilization of atmospheric H2S by plant foliar tissue: Its interaction with sulfate assimilation     

Arne M. Poortinga  Luit J. De Kok 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1995,158(1):59-62

Exposure of spinach cotyledons to H₂S or sulfate resulted in a concentration and time dependent accumulation of water-soluble non-protein thiols. The increase in thiol content upon a combined exposure to H₂S and sulfate was comparable to that of the sum of the increases obtained by the individual exposures. However, it never exceeded the maximal level attained upon exposure to H₂S alone. Evidently, plants are able to utilize atmospheric H₂S as a sulfur source, which competes with the assimilatory sulfate reduction for thiol synthesis.  相似文献   

Increasing contributions of nitrogen to the acidity of surface waters in Norway     

Arne Henriksen  David F. Brakke 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,42(1-2):183-201

The acidification of lakes in southern Norway is largely due to sulfate. Recent data from regional surveys of lakes and from monitoring stations indicates that nitrate concentrations have increased in many lakes and rivers in southernmost Norway. The ratio of NO₃ to NO₃ + SO₄ is still low for most areas, but is 0.54 on an equivalent basis in lakes and rivers in the area of high runoff in southwestern Norway. Here, concentrations of nitrate in the runoff are lower than for sites in Central Europe, but are higher than those in North America. The sites showing increases in NO₃ also increased in Al. Further increases in nitrate as a mobile anion which may be due to decreased uptake in the watershed, will contribute to acidification in the same manner as sulfate.  相似文献   

Interaction between simulated rain and barren rock surface     

Gunnar Abrahamsen  Arne Stuanes  Kristian Bjor 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1979,11(2):191-200

During the latter decades extensive fish kills have been observed in the mountainous areas of southernmost Norway. These kills have been attributed to the increased acidity of the river-water. The increased acidity is generally assumed to be caused by acid precipitation. However, the relationship between precipitation and runoff quality is very complex. The present paper is concerned with the relationship between chemical composition of simulated rain and that of runoff from bare granitic rock, partly covered by lichens. When supplying simulated rain with a pH value of approximately 5 the very first runoff had pH values between 4.1 and 4.3. However, the pH in the runoff increased rapidly and leveled out at values between 4.6 and 4.7. When supplying simulated rain with pH approximately 3.5, the pH in the first runoff varied between 3.8 and 3.6. The pH then gradually decreased to the same values as those in the simulated rain. Runoff from ‘rain’ with pH 4.3, obtained the same pH value as that of the ‘rain’. The pH of the runoff was dependent not only on the rain acidity, but also on its content of neutral salts.  相似文献   

Differentiation of important and closely related cereal plant species (Poaceae) in food by hybridization to an oligonucleotide array     

Rønning SB  Rudi K  Berdal KG  Holst-Jensen A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(23):8874-8880

We report the development of an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection of six important cereal food plant species from the Poaceae based on the chloroplast trnL intron sequence. We used universal primers to amplify the trnL intron from wheat, rye, barley, oat, rice, and maize, followed by a cyclic labeling of oligonucleotides probes and subsequent hybridization to an oligonucleotide microarray. In single taxon analyses, positive signals were produced with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The assay also enabled the analysis of mixed samples. The results obtained for real food samples were in agreement with the ingredient labels, but positive results for grains not declared on the ingredients list were observed in three out of 10 samples, which indicates that the final products and/or the declared ingredients were probably botanically impure or contaminated. The combination of the sensitivity of a universal polymerase chain reaction with the specificity of the labeling reaction allows this protocol to be applied in routine analyses of food samples, as demonstrated by successful analysis of processed composite food products.  相似文献   

historical deposition rates of Cd,Cu, Pb,and Zn in Norway and Sweden estimated by 210Pb dating and measurement of trace elements in cores of peat bogs     

Jensen  Arne 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,95(1-4):205-220

From six ombrotrophic mires located far from distinct local sources in Sweden and Norway, a core was sampled in bog hummocks in 1988 and dated by 210_Pb. Ten slices from each core were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Based on the datings, the accumulation rates of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn have been estimated for the last 150 years. A reasonable agreement exists in the comparison between the recent deposition in the peat bog and nearby bulk deposition measurements. Highest deposition has been measured in southern Norway and the western part of Sweden. Generally, deposition has increased during the last 150 years, except at a station on the east coast of Sweden. In a study in Sweden where heavy metals have been measured in mosses every five years time since 1970, significant decreases in the concentrations of heavy metals have been found. Similar decreases have not been measured in the present study, although both methods are expected to reflect atmospheric deposition. Several studies have indicated that peat bogs are not suitable for measuring the historical evolution of trace metals. However, despite the disagreement, the recent literature suggests that it can be done with reasonable accuracy when performed with samples from hummocks in the peat bog.  相似文献   

Analysis of the genotype-by-environment interaction of spring barley tested in the Nordic Region of Europe: Relationships among stability statistics for grain yield     

Minna Nurminiemi  Sten Madsen  Odd Arne Rognli  Âsmund Bjørnstad  Rodomiro Ortiz 《Euphytica》2002,127(1):123-132

Variation in agronomic and quality characteristics was investigated in 220 Nordic spring barley cultivars across distinct environments (6 locations during 3 years) in the Nordic Region of Europe. The objectives of this research were to determine the importance of the genotype by environment interaction in all characteristics evaluated and to establish the relationship among different stability statistics for grain yield. Combined analysis of variance across locations indicated that both environments and genotype by environment interactions influenced significantly the cultivar phenotypes for all characteristics, irrespective of their type (row number) or earliness. The first two interaction principal component axes of the additive-main-effects-and-multiplicative-interaction (AMMI) model accounted together between 35% and 75% of the total genotype-by-environment interaction for all characteristics. Grain yield was, on average, higher in 2-row than in 6-row cultivars, which were significantly earlier in heading and grain maturity than the former. However, in some of the most northern locations, 6-row barley cultivars significantly outyielded on average 2-row barley lines. The genotype by location interaction variance (σ² _GL) accounted by each genotype was significantly associated to the deviation from regression (Tai's λ) while the coefficient of regression (β) was significantly correlated to the IPCA1 and IPCA2 of the AMMI model in 2-row, 6-row and early barley cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献