Characterization of Vitis germplasm using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers     

Maria Stella Grando  Luigi De Micheli  Attilio Scienza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1996,43(2):187-192

Summary An analysis of the amplification fragments polymorphism of DNA coming from different accessions of germplasm belonging to species and cultivars of the genus Vitis, was carried out using 40 primer decamers of arbitrary sequence. The RAPD profiles showed a great intraspecific diversity. In many cases a single primer produced a unique pattern for each species. A phylogram tree based upon presence/absence data of the principal DNA bands divided the species according to their geographical origins. The intraspecific polymorphism of DNA fragments was not sufficient for an unambiguous identification of Vitis vinifera cultivars but the RAPD profiles turned out to be highly reproducible. The high capacity of this technique to generate DNA markers offers a new possibility for the study of the genetic relationships in the genus Vitis.Abbreviations PCR Polymerase chain reaction - RAPD Random amplified polymorphic DNA  相似文献   

Marine polysaccharides in microencapsulation and application to aquaculture: "from sea to sea"     

Borgogna M  Bellich B  Cesàro A 《Marine drugs》2011,9(12):2572-2604

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Authenticity of PGI "Clementine of Calabria" by multielement fingerprint     

Benabdelkamel H  Di Donna L  Mazzotti F  Naccarato A  Sindona G  Tagarelli A  Taverna D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(14):3717-3726

Clementine is a citrus fruit that has found a peculiar habitat in specific areas of Calabria, a region located in southern Italy. Due to its peculiar characteristics it was recently awarded with protected geographical indications (PGI) from the European Union. In this work, stepwise linear discriminant analysis (S-LDA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to build chemometric models able to protect PGI Clementine from others of different origin. Accordingly, the concentration of 24-26 elements was determined in peel and juice samples, respectively, obtained from Calabrian PGI clementine and from fruits cultivated in Algeria, Tunisia, and Spain. A cross-validation procedure has shown very satisfactory values of prediction ability for both S-LDA (96.6% for juice samples and 100% for peel samples) and SIMCA (100% for both peel and juice samples). PLS-DA models also yielded satisfactory results.  相似文献   

Effect of the type of farrowing room on the welfare and productive performance of lactating sows and of piglets during tropical winter     

Gregório M. Oliveira Júnior  Aloízio S. Ferreira  Valéria V. Rodrigues  Érika M. Figueiredo  Andressa S. Formigoni  Márcio G. Zangeronimo  Wilams G. Santos  Renata R. Alvarenga 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(5):602-610

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior and performance of sows and piglets kept in different types of farrowing rooms: conventional farrowing room with jugglers and cages (CFR), CFR with a heated floor for the piglets alongside the sows (CFR+HF) and semi‐outdoor farrowing room without a cage or heating floor but with access to a fenced field (SFR) during the tropical winter. Twenty‐seven multiparous sows were allocated in three treatments and nine repetitions during 21 days. The relative humidity was higher at CFR and CFR+HF. The temperature of thigh and chest in contact with the floor and the neck were higher (P < 0.01) in conventional systems. Sows maintained in the CFR spent (P < 0.01) more time feeding and drinking. The heating floor increased (P < 0.01) the nursing behavior but did not affect (P > 0.09) the sows’ and piglets’ performances. SFR decreased the backfat thickness (P = 0.03) and lactation efficiency, but did not affect milk production (P > 0.12) or piglet performance (P > 0.09). It is concluded that during tropical winter, conventional farrowing systems ensure better piglet performance compared to SFR but this last seems to improve the behavior of sows. The heating floor favors nursing and does not affect the welfare of sows.  相似文献   

Phloem and xylem modifications of Vitis vinifera stems in response to flavescence dorée phytoplasma infection     

Luca Jelmini  Attilio Rizzoli  Mauro Jermini  Olivier Schumpp  Marco Conedera 《Plant pathology》2021,70(4):970-979

Anatomical modifications of xylem and phloem tissues of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) stems of shoots infected by the flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) were first observed and described in the 1960s, but never quantified in detail. In this paper, we describe and quantify the impact of FDp on grapevine stem tissues, and relate it to the level of expression of symptoms and to cultivar-specific FDp susceptibility. For this purpose, we measured and quantified the anatomical parameters of xylem and phloem tissues of a tolerant (Merlot) and a susceptible (Chardonnay) cultivar. For each cultivar, thin sections of eight shoots with symptoms from FDp-infected grapevines, eight symptomless shoots from the same FDp-infected grapevines, and eight symptomless shoots from symptomless grapevines (control) were compared. Results showed general inhibition of xylem growth and proliferation of phloem tissues (hyperplasia) with lack or irregular arrangement of the fibre-sclereids in the axial phloem of the stems from shoots with symptoms, irrespective of the cultivar. Xylem vessels of infected Merlot shoots were partly occluded by tyloses and a higher number of smaller vessels were produced than in control plants. Thus, the anatomical responses confirmed the detrimental effect of FDp on stems of infected grapevine shoots, including impaired stem development and lack of periderm formation. Statistically significant differences were found between the two cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to FDp infection.  相似文献   

Effect of dexmedetomidine vs. acepromazine–methadone premedication on limb to lung circulation time in dogs     

Attilio Rocchi  Tamas D. Ambrisko  Yves Moens 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):357-360

The study compared limb-to-lung circulation times (CT) in dogs under general anaesthesia after premedication with dexmedetomidine (DEX) or acepromazine–methadone (ACE–M). Healthy male and female dogs (n = 20) were randomly assigned to receive acepromazine 0.04 mg/kg and methadone 0.2 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM), or DEX 0.01 mg/kg IM. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane at similar concentration in both groups. Mechanical ventilation was started immediately (20 breaths/min; inspiratory to expiratory ratio 1:2) and tidal volume was adjusted to achieve an end-tidal CO₂ concentration (PE’CO₂) of between 3.9 and 5.3 kPa. Ten minutes later arterial blood gas was analyzed and baseline data recorded for 3 minutes. A single dose of sodium bicarbonate 0,5 mEq/kg was administered intravenously over 10 s starting with inspiration. Limb-to-lung CT was defined as the time interval between the start of bicarbonate injection and the recording of the highest PE’CO₂.Following bicarbonate administration, PE’CO2 increased, and then rapidly decreased to baseline in both groups. CT was shorter in the ACE–M group (20 ± 2.3 vs. 27 ± 5.1 s). Bodyweight was higher in the ACE–M group (30.6 ± 3.9 vs. 23.3 ± 6.8 kg). Mean arterial blood pressure was higher in the DEX group (92 ± 9 vs. 73 ± 7 mm Hg) but premedication with DEX significantly prolonged CT compared to premedication with ACE–M.  相似文献   

Measurement of xylem translocation of weak electrolytes with the pressure chamber technique     

Ciucani G  Trevisan M  Sacchi GA  Trapp SA 《Pest management science》2002,58(5):467-473

Xylem translocation and root uptake of weak electrolytes were investigated with the pressure chamber technique (PCT) using de-topped soybean plants. Two compounds were organic bases (fenpropimorph and imazalil) and four were organic acids (bentazone, primisulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron and triasulfuron). The compounds covered a wide range of log KOW and pKa values. Concentrations in external solution and in xylem sap were measured by HPLC at pH values in external solution of 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5. For weak bases, translocation was higher at low pH and the transpiration stream concentration factors (TSCF) were in the range 0.31-0.95. At pH 8.5, the concentrations in leaking xylem sap were very low for fenpropimorph, and steady-state was probably not reached. For weak acids, TSCF values derived with external pH from 4.5 to 8.5 were in the range 0.55-1.50 for primisulfuron-methyl, 0.64-1.35 for rimsulfuron, 0.81-0.93 for triasulfuron and 0.69-0.92 for bentazone. The variation of TSCF of the weak electrolytes was much smaller in these PCT experiments than in recent experiments with intact plants. The likely reason is that de-topped soybean plants in the pressure chamber seemed to be unable to regulate their xylem sap pH, which was almost identical to the pH in external solution. Without pH differences, the ion-trap process, which is responsible for accumulation or exclusion of weak acids and bases in the xylem of living plants, does not take place. Model simulations carried out for intact and de-topped plants supported this hypothesis. By variation of the pH of the xylem sap, good agreement between measurements and simulations could be achieved.  相似文献   

Characterization of an ecto-5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) activity in intact trophozoites of Trichomonas gallinae     

Borges FP  Gottardi B  Stuepp C  Larré AB  Tasca T  De Carli GA  Bonan CD 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(2):106-111

This study describes the enzymatic properties of an ecto-5'-nucleotidase in Trichomonas gallinae. The enzyme hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates at pH 7.2 and is activated by divalent cations, such as magnesium. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was insensitive to levamisole, tetramisole (alkaline phosphatase inhibitors), and AMPCP (adenosine 5'-[alpha,beta-methylene]diphosphate), an ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor, whereas 0.1mM ammonium molybdate (considered a potent inhibitor of 5'-nucleotidase activity) completely inhibited the enzyme activity. The apparent K(M) (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximum velocity) values for Mg2+-AMP were 466+/-57 microM and 3.7+/-0.59 nmolPi/min/10(6) trichomonads, respectively. Considering that trichomonads lack the ability to synthesize purines and pyrimidines de novo, the presence of an ecto-5'-nucleotidase in intact trophozoites of T. gallinae could be important in regulating the extracellular nucleotide levels and generating adenosine, essential for the survival strategies of the parasite.  相似文献   

Effects of different cooking methods on nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of selected vegetables   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Miglio C  Chiavaro E  Visconti A  Fogliano V  Pellegrini N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(1):139-147

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three common cooking practices (i.e., boiling, steaming, and frying) on phytochemical contents (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid), total antioxidant capacities (TAC), as measured by three different analytical assays [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] and physicochemical parameters of three vegetables (carrots, courgettes, and broccoli). Water-cooking treatments better preserved the antioxidant compounds, particularly carotenoids, in all vegetables analyzed and ascorbic acid in carrots and courgettes. Steamed vegetables maintained a better texture quality than boiled ones, whereas boiled vegetables showed limited discoloration. Fried vegetables showed the lowest degree of softening, even though antioxidant compounds were less retained. An overall increase of TEAC, FRAP, and TRAP values was observed in all cooked vegetables, probably because of matrix softening and increased extractability of compounds, which could be partially converted into more antioxidant chemical species. Our findings defy the notion that processed vegetables offer lower nutritional quality and also suggest that for each vegetable a cooking method would be preferred to preserve the nutritional and physicochemical qualities.  相似文献   

Transition Cow: Interaction with Fertility     

Formigoni  A.  Trevisi  E. 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(1):143-152

In recent years a progressive worsening of fertility indices in dairy cow herds has been observed. Several factors (genetic, dietary and management) seem to be more related to poor fertility than milk yield level. The degree and the length of the energy deficit during the transition period are inversely related to reproductive indices (e.g. conception rate is < 30% for BCS decreases over one unit). A serious energy deficit reduces (or suppresses) pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins (ovarian dysfunction and/or smaller follicles); IGF-1 and insulin plasma levels (slower follicle growth and higher embryonic mortality); and progesterone production from the corpus luteum (higher rate of embryonic abortions). The diet influences fertility in several ways. Excess of rumen degradable proteins, apart from negative energy balance, negatively affects reproductive activity. Conversely, some nutrients (i.e. some polyunsaturated fatty acids or some amino acids) seem to show positive effects on fertility. Finally, the relationship between health status, often compromised during the transition period, and fertility efficiency is discussed. The release of cytokines seems to be related directly and indirectly (mainly by the change in usual hepatic metabolism) to the malfunction of reproductive apparatus. Quick recovery of reproductive activity requires the adoption of strategies around calving to cover the higher environmental and nutritive requirements and to prevent disorders of any kind.

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