Transition Cow: Interaction with Fertility     

Formigoni  A.  Trevisi  E. 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(1):143-152

In recent years a progressive worsening of fertility indices in dairy cow herds has been observed. Several factors (genetic, dietary and management) seem to be more related to poor fertility than milk yield level. The degree and the length of the energy deficit during the transition period are inversely related to reproductive indices (e.g. conception rate is < 30% for BCS decreases over one unit). A serious energy deficit reduces (or suppresses) pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins (ovarian dysfunction and/or smaller follicles); IGF-1 and insulin plasma levels (slower follicle growth and higher embryonic mortality); and progesterone production from the corpus luteum (higher rate of embryonic abortions). The diet influences fertility in several ways. Excess of rumen degradable proteins, apart from negative energy balance, negatively affects reproductive activity. Conversely, some nutrients (i.e. some polyunsaturated fatty acids or some amino acids) seem to show positive effects on fertility. Finally, the relationship between health status, often compromised during the transition period, and fertility efficiency is discussed. The release of cytokines seems to be related directly and indirectly (mainly by the change in usual hepatic metabolism) to the malfunction of reproductive apparatus. Quick recovery of reproductive activity requires the adoption of strategies around calving to cover the higher environmental and nutritive requirements and to prevent disorders of any kind.

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Selective modulation of P-glycoprotein activity by steroidal saponines from Paris polyphylla     

Nguyen VT  Darbour N  Bayet C  Doreau A  Raad I  Phung BH  Dumontet C  Di Pietro A  Dijoux-Franca MG  Guilet D 《Fitoterapia》2009,80(1):39-42

Bio-guided fractionation of the roots of Paris polyphylla (Trilliaceae), based on inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated daunorubicin efflux in K562/R7 cell line, led to isolation and identification of the three saponins 3-O-Rha(1-->2)[Ara(1-->4)]Glc-pennogenine, gracillin and polyphyllin D, and the two ecdysteroids 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinnatasterone. These compounds were tested for multidrug reversion on P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) with both drug-selected and transfected cell lines, and also on Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2). By contrast to a weak efficiency on BCRP, the three saponins displayed significant effects as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux.  相似文献   

Oleuropein-Specific-13-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits （Olea europaea） to Mimed Insect Attack     

Antonia Spadafora Silvia Mazzuca Francesca Fiorella Chiappetta Attilio Parise Enzo Perri AnnaMafia Innocenti 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6)

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Mediterranean diet in relation to body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio     

Rossi M  Negri E  Bosetti C  Dal Maso L  Talamini R  Giacosa A  Montella M  Franceschi S  La Vecchia C 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(2):214-217

OBJECTIVE: The Mediterranean diet is rich in fat and starch, and hence may be related to overweight. We therefore investigated the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). DESIGN AND SETTING: Data were obtained from the control group of a network of case-control studies on cancer conducted in major teaching and general hospitals in four Italian areas between 1991 and 2002. An interviewer-administered validated 78-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to obtain information on the subjects' habitual diet. Information on socio-economic factors, lifestyle habits and anthropometric measures was also collected. A Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was derived on the basis of eight characteristics of the Mediterranean diet. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 6619 patients (3090 men, 3529 women) admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to known risk factors for cancer and long-term modifications of diet. RESULTS: In multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, study centre, education, tobacco smoking, occupational physical activity and total energy intake, the MDS was not related to BMI (beta = 0.05 for men and -0.04 for women) or WHR (beta = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively) in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the major characteristics of the Mediterranean diet is unrelated to BMI and WHR, confirming previous data from Greece and Spain.  相似文献   

An epidemiology study on travel anxiety and motion sickness     

Simona Cannas  Marina Evangelista  Pier Attilio Accorsi  Manuela Michelazzi 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2010,5(1):25-26

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Transition cow: interaction with fertility     

Formigoni A  Trevisi E 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(Z1):143-152

In recent years a progressive worsening of fertility indices in dairy cow herds has been observed. Several factors (genetic, dietary and management) seem to be more related to poor fertility than milk yield level. The degree and the length of the energy deficit during the transition period are inversely related to reproductive indices (e.g. conception rate is <30% for BCS decreases over one unit). A serious energy deficit reduces (or suppresses) pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins (ovarian dysfunction and/or smaller follicles): IGF-I and insulin plasma levels (slower follicle growth and higher embryonic mortality); and progesterone production from the corpus luteum (higher rate of embryonic abortions). The diet influences fertility in several ways. Excess of rumen degradable proteins, apart from negative energy balance, negatively affects reproductive activity. Conversely, some nutrients (i.e. some polyunsaturated fatty acids or some amino acids) seem to show positive effects on fertility. Finally, the relationship between health status, often compromised during the transition period, and fertility efficiency is discussed. The release of cytokines seems to be related directly and indirectly (mainly by the change in usual hepatic metabolism to the malfunction of reproductive apparatus. Quick recovery of reproductive activity requires the adoption of strategies around calving to cover the higher environmental and nutritive requirements and to prevent disorders of any kind.  相似文献   

Effect of body condition score variation on milk yield and fertility in post-partum dairy cows     

Formigoni A  Pezzi P  Gramenzi A  Martino G  Neri E 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(Z1):647-649

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Admissions test for the degree course in veterinary medicine in Italy, 2005     

Corradi A  Bottarelli E  Bertoli B  Flammini CF 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2007,34(2):99-105

In Italy, access to the degree course in veterinary medicine is regulated each academic year by a government decree that sets the maximum student intake number for each of the 14 existing faculties. Candidates are selected by means of a multiple-choice test on the following subjects: logic and general knowledge, biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Data for the 2005/2006 academic year are presented here. Overall, 4,495 candidates took the test and 1,415 (31.5%) qualified. The questions relating to physics and mathematics were more difficult than those in other subjects (p < 0.001). Logic and general knowledge was the subject in which candidates' knowledge was best. Separate data for each of the 14 Italian faculties are presented, along with the cut-off score for admission. In addition, a "difficulty admission index" has been calculated for each faculty centre.  相似文献   

Immune-metabolic-inflammatory markers in Holstein cows exposed to a nutritional and environmental stressing challenge     

Damiano Cavallini  Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi  Giovanni Buonaiuto  Alberto Palmonari  Emanuela Valle  Andrea Formigoni 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(Z1):42-55

Dairy cows are exposed to multiple stressors during the productive cycle, such as metabolic challenges, overcrowding, grouping change, environmental stress and dietary errors. Thus, it is essential to study reliable markers able to detect stress conditions in dairy farms. This study evaluates dairy cows' immunologic and metabolic markers after the sudden and combined exposition to a high-grain diet (75% concentrates) and the abrupt change of the housing system (from free stall to tie stall). A group of twenty-four Holstein cows were enrolled in a challenge study of 28 days duration. Several immunological and metabolic blood markers were evaluated over the trial. Blood samples were taken at day 0 (normal value) and day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 (challenge). Data were submitted to a mixed model for repeated measures, including time as fixed and cows as random effects. The nutritional and environmental challenge had heavy effects on animal welfare and cows responded with a dramatic rumination drop. Our results suggest that the most responsive markers after abiotic stressors in cows were as follows: Serum Amyloid A and ROM in the acute response; Ceruloplasmin and GGT in the mid acute and Albumin, Paroxonase and FRAP in the chronic phase. Serum Amyloid A, Ceruloplasmin, Paraoxonase, GGT and ROM resulted as positive phase proteins, while, Albumin and FRAP resulted as negative phase proteins. Preliminary obtained results could concur to develop strategies able to mitigate stressor effects; moreover, the proposed design can be used as a model to test stress nutritional modulators.  相似文献   

Continuous and pulse feedings of urea as a nitrogen source in fed-batch cultivation of Spirulina platensis     

Luis D. Snchez-Luna  Attilio Converti  Gabriela C. Tonini  Sunao Sato  Joo C. M. de Carvalho 《Aquacultural Engineering》2004,31(3-4):237-245

Spirulina platensis was autotrophically cultivated by fed-batch addition of urea as a nitrogen source. Continuous and pulse feeding regimes of this nitrogen source (time intervals of 24 h) were compared using a constant mass flow rate. Both series of experiments were carried out at three different temperatures (25, 28 and 31 °C) and total times of urea addition (12, 15 and 18 days), according to a 2² simple factorial design, and the effects of these variables on the nitrogen-to-cell conversion factor and cell productivity were verified by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The intermittent addition of urea yielded results similar to those obtained by the continuous feeding, therefore, the former operation mode would be preferable to reduce the production costs of this cyanobacterium in large-scale facilities.  相似文献