Genetic relationships and hybrid vigour in olive (Olea europaea L.) by microsatellites     

Iris Biton  Sofia Shevtsov  Oren Ostersetzer  Yair Mani  Shimon Lavee  Benjamin Avidan  Giora Ben‐Ari 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(6):767-774

The olive (Olea europaea) is one of the most important oleaginous crops of the Mediterranean basin. Increased demand for olive oil creates a need for new olive varieties to help meet the requirements of the global market. However, olive breeding has been handicapped by such varied challenges as a prolonged juvenile period, agrotechnical problems and insufficient genetic knowledge. The use of DNA markers has the potential to overcome these problems and increase the effectiveness of classical breeding programmes. In this study, co‐dominant polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used as markers to analyse the genetic relationships between several local and other ‘non‐native’ olive cultivars. Cluster analysis revealed four major groups among the 15 cultivars examined in this study. Table and oil cultivars were clustered in different groups. However, the clusters did not differentiate between cultivars of different geographical origins. In addition, we used the data gathered to analyse genetic relationships to evaluate the effects of heterosis in agricultural traits. Genetic distances between cultivars were determined based on the SSR genotype data and were used for evaluating the possible effects of heterosis in various F₁ populations. Interestingly, phenotypic data of F₁ progenies from crosses between different cultivars indicated the potential effects of heterosis as expressed in several traits. Genetic distance between parents was significantly correlated to F₁ performance for three traits: percentage of dry fruit weight, oil content and commercial oil production. Thus, crosses between olive cultivars exhibiting relatively extensive genetic distances one from the other are expected to result in better progeny performance in future Olea breeding programmes. Our study linked assessment of biodiversity of commercial olive cultivars with the application of this information in olive breeding programmes for selection of specific parents to generate superior new cultivars.  相似文献   

黄牛FSHR基因的生物信息学分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王明亮  陈鹏  郝明超  高旭东  刘犇  余四九 《甘肃农业大学学报》2012,47(4):7-13

利用生物基因组学数据库,对黄牛FSHR基因进行生物信息学分析,以预测FSHR基因编码产物的理化性质、结构与功能,同时构建FSHR同源系统进化树.结果表明:FSHR基因编码产物为疏水性跨膜蛋白,具有明显的信号肽,其切割位点位于17～18位的氨基酸之间,二级结构主要以α-螺旋与无规则卷曲为主,并主要在质膜中发挥生物学作用,跨膜区域分为跨膜域、胞外域和胞内域3个部分.序列分析表明,FSHR编码产物可能具有离子通道、运载体、受体、信号转导和阳离子通道等功能,在离子跨膜与信号传递过程中发挥重要作用,并对黄牛的激素调节有影响.FSHR基因编码产物系统进化树表明,黄牛FSHR与水牛、成都麻羊、绵羊等物种FSHR遗传距离较近,具有高度同源性.  相似文献   

基于线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析的泉水鱼遗传多样性研究     

司从利  章群  马奔  黄小彧  黎瑞宝  乐小亮 《广东农业科学》2012,39(1):6-8

测定了长江水系贵定和乐山2个群体30尾泉水鱼细胞色素b基因1 026 bp序列,发现13个变异位点,检测出7种单倍型,Hd和Pi分别为0.772和0.0041,其中贵定和乐山群体的Hd分别为0.695和0.362,Pi分别为0.0030和0.0004,呈现出单倍型多样性较低和核苷酸多样性极低的特点;两个群体间的Fst和Nm值分别为0.7417和0.17,AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要集中在群体间(74.17%),表明群体间出现高度的遗传分化;在邻接树上出现两个按地理来源聚群谱系,呈现出明显的地理结构;估算群体间分歧时间大约在16万年前,为更新世时期。中性检测表明两个群体在过去没有发生种群的快速扩张。建议将贵定和乐山群体作为不同的管理保护单位加以保护。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北部唐古特铁线莲种子萌发特性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

拉本  刘玉萍  苏旭  吴学明 《种子》2012,31(6):76-78,82

唐古特铁线莲是中国一种珍贵药用植物,青海省是其主要分布区。针对唐古特铁线莲野生资源受到严重破坏的情况,对其人工引种栽培过程中种子发芽率进行了研究,旨在为唐古特铁线莲的栽培和野生资源的保护提供理论依据。研究表明:自然状态下唐古特铁线莲种子萌发率低;经变温、温汤浸种、KNO3和GA3处理后种子发芽率显著提高。  相似文献   

Clostridium perfringens type A fatal acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a dog     

Ben J. Schlegel  Tony Van Dreumel  Durda Slavi?  John F. Prescott 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(5):555-557

The morning after participating in a dog show, a 2-year-old Pomeranian dog was found dead in a pool of bloody feces. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic gastroenteritis of the entire gastrointestinal tract, with many Gram-positive bacilli on the surface and in the lumen and crypts of the intestine. Enterotoxin-positive type A Clostridium perfringens were isolated in large numbers. This dramatic case of fatal C. perfringens gastroenteritis highlights the need to better understand the role of this bacterium in enteric disease of dogs.  相似文献   

Newcastle disease virus outbreaks: Vaccine mismatch or inadequate application?     

Dortmans JC  Peeters BP  Koch G 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,160(1-2):17-22

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry, and may cause devastating losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Its causative agent is Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus type 1. Many countries maintain a stringent vaccination policy against ND, but there are indications that ND outbreaks can still occur despite intensive vaccination. It has been argued that this may be due to antigenic divergence between the vaccine strains and circulating field strains. Here we present the complete genome sequence of a highly virulent genotype VII virus (NL/93) obtained from vaccinated poultry during an outbreak of ND in the Netherlands in 1992-1993. Using this strain, we investigated whether the identified genetic evolution of NDV is accompanied by antigenic evolution. In this study we show that a live vaccine that is antigenically adapted to match the genotype VII NL/93 outbreak strain does not provide increased protection compared to a classic genotype II live vaccine. When challenged with the NL/93 strain, chickens vaccinated with a classic vaccine were completely protected against clinical disease and mortality and virus shedding was significantly reduced, even with a supposedly suboptimal vaccine dose. These results suggest that it is not antigenic variation but rather poor flock immunity due to inadequate vaccination practices that may be responsible for outbreaks and spreading of virulent NDV field strains.  相似文献   

Evaluation of lidocaine treatment on frequency of cardiac arrhythmias,acute kidney injury,and hospitalization time in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus     

Yaron Bruchim DVM  Srugo Itay DVM  Ben‐Halevy Shira DVM  Efrat Kelmer DVM  MS  DACVECC  Yudelecitch Sigal DVM  DECVS  Aroch Itamar DVM  DECVIM‐CA  Segev Gilad DVM  DECVIM‐CA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):419-427

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High throughput phenotyping for aphid resistance in large plant collections     

X Chen  B Vosman  RG Visser  RA van der Vlugt  C Broekgaarden 《Plant methods》2012,8(1):33-7

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Phloem-feeding insects are among the most devastating pests worldwide. They not only cause damage by feeding from the phloem, thereby depleting the plant from photo-assimilates, but also by vectoring viruses. Until now, the main way to prevent such problems is the frequent use of insecticides. Applying resistant varieties would be a more environmental friendly and sustainable solution. For this, resistant sources need to be identified first. Up to now there were no methods suitable for high throughput phenotyping of plant germplasm to identify sources of resistance towards phloem-feeding insects. RESULTS: In this paper we present a high throughput screening system to identify plants with an increased resistance against aphids. Its versatility is demonstrated using an Arabidopsis thaliana activation tag mutant line collection. This system consists of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the circulative virus Turnip yellows virus (TuYV). In an initial screening, with one plant representing one mutant line, 13 virus-free mutant lines were identified by ELISA. Using seeds produced from these lines, the putative candidates were re-evaluated and characterized, resulting in nine lines with increased resistance towards the aphid. CONCLUSIONS: This M. persicae-TuYV screening system is an efficient, reliable and quick procedure to identify among thousands of mutated lines those resistant to aphids. In our study, nine mutant lines with increased resistance against the aphid were selected among 5160 mutant lines in just 5 months by one person. The system can be extended to other phloem-feeding insects and circulative viruses to identify insect resistant sources from several collections, including for example genebanks and artificially prepared mutant collections.  相似文献   

Episodic blindness and ataxia in a horse with cholesterinic granulomas     

Kyle L. Tofflemire  R. David Whitley  David M. Wong  Kenneth R. Waller III  Ronald K. Myers  Angela E. Pillatzki  Gil Ben‐Shlomo 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(2):149-152

An 11‐year‐old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right‐sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations. Routine clinicopathologic testing revealed no significant abnormalities, and testing of cerebral spinal fluid for selected infectious diseases was unrewarding. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hyperattenuating mass with peripheral mineralization in the rostroventral aspect of each lateral ventricle. The mare was euthanized due to a guarded to poor prognosis. On histopathology, the masses consisted of clusters of cholesterol clefts admixed with leukocytes, mineral deposits, and connective tissue. Cholesterinic granulomas of the lateral ventricles and hydrocephaly were diagnosed. Cholesterinic granulomas should be considered a differential diagnosis in horses presenting for intermittent blindness.  相似文献   

补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被恢复的影响     

冯忠心  周娟娟  王欣荣  张利平  史静  王生文  陈本建 《草业科学》2013,30(9):1313-1319

在甘肃省甘南州临潭县研究围栏内补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被的高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数的影响。结果表明,在各划破草皮处理中,牧草总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数随着补播量的增加而增加,植被高度随着补播量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。补播和划破草皮有显著互作效果,补播量3[垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)播量为49.1 kg·hm-2,老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus) 播量为67.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号(Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.1)播量为23.3 kg·hm-2]和划破草皮组合的牧草地上生物量(201.5 g·m-2)、总盖度(88.2%)和功能群物种多样性总指数(1.203)达到最大值,补播量1（垂穗披碱草播量为26.7 kg·hm-2,老芒麦播量为37.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号为0）和划破草皮组合的植被高度(11.7 cm)达到最大值。就各补播水平平均值而言,划破草皮植被高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数显著高于未划破草皮。综合考虑高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数,经关联度分析可知,补播量2（垂穗披碱草播量为37.5 kg·hm-2,老芒麦播量为52.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号18.3 kg·hm-2）和划破草皮为最优组合。  相似文献