Detection of avian rotaviruses of groups A, D, F and G in diseased chickens and turkeys from Europe and Bangladesh     

Otto PH  Ahmed MU  Hotzel H  Machnowska P  Reetz J  Roth B  Trojnar E  Johne R 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(1-2):8-15

Avian rotaviruses (AvRVs) represent a diverse group of intestinal viruses, which are suspected as the cause of several diseases in poultry with symptoms of diarrhoea, growth retardation or runting and stunting syndrome (RSS). To assess the distribution of AvRVs in chickens and turkeys, we have developed specific PCR protocols. These protocols were applied in two field studies investigating faecal samples or intestinal contents of diseased birds derived from several European countries and Bangladesh. In the first study, samples of 166 chickens and 33 turkeys collected between 2005 and 2008 were tested by PAGE and conventional RT-PCR and AvRVs were detected in 46.2%. In detail, 16.1% and 39.2% were positive for AvRVs of groups A or D, respectively. 11.1% of the samples contained both of them and only four samples (2.0%) contained rotaviruses showing a PAGE pattern typical for groups F and G. In the second study, samples from 375 chickens and 18 turkeys collected between 2009 and 2010 were analyzed using a more sensitive group A-specific and a new group D-specific real-time RT-PCR. In this survey, 85.0% were AvRV-positive, 58.8% for group A AvRVs, 65.9% for group D AvRVs and 38.9% for both of them. Although geographical differences exist, the results generally indicate a very high prevalence of group A and D rotaviruses in chicken and turkey flocks with cases of diarrhoea, growth retardation or RSS. The newly developed diagnostic tools will help to investigate the epidemiology and clinical significance of AvRV infections in poultry.  相似文献   

Genetic structure of Irish freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera and Margaritifera durrovensis): Validity of subspecies,roles of host fish,and conservation implications          下载免费PDF全文

Juergen Geist  Evelyn Moorkens  Ian Killeen  Sarah Feind  Bernhard C. Stoeckle  Áine O. Connor  Ralph Kuehn 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):923-933

Renal papillary necrosis produced by a metabolite of a new antiinflammatory agent, 4-isopropylbiphenyl.     

G C Todd  D G Hoffman  N R Bernhard  G F Kiplinger 《Veterinary pathology》1975,12(1):69-70

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Analysis of the prevalence of pastern dermatitis in German Coldblood horse breeds     

Wallraf A  Hamann H  Deegen E  Ohnesorge B  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(3-4):148-152

The prevalence of pastern dermatitis was investigated in 917 German Coldblood horses aged 2.5 to 26 years. Pastern dermatitis was prevalent in Black Forest Draught horses with 47.5% and in South German Draught horses with 58.5%. High prevalences were found in Mecklenburg (76.4%), Saxon-Thuringa (84.3%), Schleswig (86.0%), and Rhenisch German Coldblood (96.1%) horses. All four legs or both hind legs were affected most frequently. The most prevalent forms of pastern dermatitis were crusted and hyperkeratotic-hyperplastic. The occurrence of pastern dermatitis was dependent of age. The statistical analysis using a generalized linear model and a probit function showed the significant influence of the breed, age at examination, sex, position of the leg, interaction of breed by age at examination, and breed by position of the leg. So the analysis indicated that pastern dermatitis is a serious problem in all German Coldblood breeds investigated here.  相似文献   

Inverse modelling for estimating sorption and degradation parameters for pesticides     

Dubus IG  Beulke S  Brown CD  Gottesbüren B  Dieses A 《Pest management science》2004,60(9):859-874

The leaching model PESTRAS was used to estimate sorption and degradation values for bentazone from three lysimeter datasets using the inverse modelling package PEST. Investigations were undertaken to assess the influence on calibration results of (1) values attributed to uncertain parameters not included in the calibration, and (2) starting values supplied to the inverse modelling package. Automatic calibrations with different realistic values for the Freundlich exponent n(f) yielded different combinations of K(om) and DT50. Similarly, the supply of different starting values for K(om) and DT50 revealed that different combinations of these two parameters equally calibrated PESTRAS for two of the three lysimeters. Examination of the error surface, ie the forward running of the model for different combinations of K(om) and DT50 values, and the calculation of the goodness-of-fit to the experimental data, was found useful for identifying those instances where non-uniqueness in the calibration is likely to occur. Although the derivation of sorption and degradation values through inverse modelling is expected to offer significant benefits over laboratory determinations, care should be exercised when examining values derived through this approach. Research is needed to identify data requirements for robust estimation of sorption and degradation parameters through calibration of pesticide fate models against leaching data.  相似文献   

Primary invasive ocular squamous cell carcinoma in a horse     

Kaps S  Richter M  Philipp M  Bart M  Eule C  Spiess BM 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(3):193-197

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Microscopic, Biochemical and Physiological Assessment of the Effect of Methylene Bisthiocyanate on the Sapstain Fungus Ophiostoma floccosum     

Tripti Singh  Bernhard Kreber  Adya Singh  Alison Stewart  Marlene Jaspers 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(3):317-328

In vitro effects of methylene bisthiocyanate (MBT) on hyphal morphology and ultra-structure of Ophiostoma floccosum were examined using differential interference contrast, epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To understand the mode of action of MBT, experiments were undertaken to measure potassium ion (K⁺) leakage from cells, oxygen consumption, glucose and ATP levels. Differential interference contrast microscopy indicated that MBT caused rapid changes in O. floccosum hyphae resulting in extensive vaculoation and accumulation of granular materials within the cytoplasm. Epifluorescence microscopy provided evidence that MBT treatment causes a loss in the permeability properties of the plasma membrane. TEM showed retraction of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, aggregation of cytoplasmic contents, vesiculation of membranous components, a dramatic increase in vacuolation, and eventually a complete loss in the integrity of organelles. There was a rapid efflux of intracellular K⁺ ions from cells, a substantial loss in K⁺ ions occurring within the first 5 min of MBT treatment. The rate of K⁺ leakage was MBT concentration treatment-time dependent. The study also showed that the effect of lower concentrations of MBT (0.01 and 0.1 mM) on respiratory activity was negligible. However, at the same concentrations, glucose consumption and ATP production were affected. Taken together, these observations suggest that the target site of MBT in O. floccosum alters membrane properties and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from the respiratory chain.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen und Erfahrungen zum Auftreten des Echten Mehltaus (Oidium neolycopersici, ehemals O. lycopersicum) an Tomaten     

Bernhard Leuprecht 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2006,58(1):57-61

In 1992 for the first time powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici (former O. lycopersicum) on tomato was detected. At the same time there were reports about the occurrence of the fungus in different tomato growing areas in Bavaria. Meanwhile powdery mildew is an established fungal disease in the cultivation of tomatoes in Bavaria and other federal states of Germany. On studies concerning the biology and the control of this harmful fungus will be reported in this article.  相似文献   

Aldose reductase activity and glucose-related opacities in incubated lenses from dogs and cats     

Richter M  Guscetti F  Spiess B 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1591-1597

OBJECTIVE: To determine responses of canine and feline lenses to incubation in a medium with a high glucose concentration. SAMPLE POPULATION: Lenses from 35 dogs and 26 cats. PROCEDURE: Glucose concentrations were measured in paired lenses from 25 dogs and 17 cats after incubation for 14 days in high-glucose (30 mmol of glucose/L) or control (6 mmol of glucose/L) medium. Aldose reductase activity was measured spectrophotometrically in the incubated lenses and in freshly frozen lenses from 10 dogs and 9 cats. Two lenses of each group were studied histologically. RESULTS: Canine and feline lenses in high-glucose medium developed glucose-specific opacities of variable localization and extent. Canine lenses developed equatorial vacuoles, but severity of the lesions was not associated with the age of the dog. Lenses from young cats (< or = 4 years old) developed extensive posterior cortical opacities, whereas those from older cats (> 4 years old) did not. Glucose concentrations were similar in all lenses incubated in high-glucose medium; however aldose reductase activity was significantly lower in lenses from older cats, compared with lenses from young cats and from dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High aldose reductase activity and glucose-related opacities suggest a central role for this enzyme in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts in dogs and cats. Because onset of diabetes mellitus usually occurs in cats > 7 years of age, low activity of aldose reductase in lenses of older cats may explain why diabetic cataracts are rare in this species despite hyperglycemia.  相似文献   

Infektionspotenzial des Echten Mehltaus (Sphaerotheca humuli) in Abhängigkeit vom Entwicklungsstadium des Hopfens (Humulus lupulus)     

Elisabeth Seigner  Stefan Seefelder  Brigitte Haugg  Bernhard Engelhard  Stefanie Hasyn  Friedrich G. Felsenstein 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2003,55(2):29-33

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