Genetic analysis of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive”—A prolific maize (Zea mays) landrace of North‐Eastern Himalaya     

Nitish Ranjan Prakash  Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare  Vignesh Muthusamy  Gulab Chand  Mehar Chand Kamboj  Jayant Subraya Bhat  Firoz Hossain 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(6):781-789

Prolificacy assumes significance for development of high‐yielding baby corn hybrids. “Sikkim Primitive” is a native landrace of North‐Eastern Himalaya, and is the highest prolific maize germplasm. So far, the genetics of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive” has not been deciphered. Here, a prolific inbred (MGU‐SP‐101) developed from “Sikkim Primitive” was crossed with four non‐prolific inbreds viz., LM13, BML7, HKI161 and HKI1128. Six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁P₁ and BC₁P₂) of the crosses were evaluated at two locations during rainy season 2018. MGU‐SP‐101 possessed 2.50–3.78 ears per plant compared to 1.06–1.86 among non‐prolific inbreds. The variation for ears was the highest in F₂s (1–8), followed by BC₁P₁ (1–7) and BC₁P₂ (1–5). The quantitative inheritance pattern of prolificacy with prevalence of non‐allelic interactions of duplicate epistasis type has been observed. Dominance × dominance effect was predominant over additive × additive and additive × dominance effects. Total number of major gene blocks ranged from 0.41 to 2.86, thereby suggesting the involvement of at least one major gene/QTL governing the prolificacy. This is the first report of genetic dissection of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive”.  相似文献   

Identification of transposable element markers associated with yield and quality traits from an association panel of independent mutants in peanut (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis hypogaea</Emphasis> L.)     

A. A. Hake  K. Shirasawa  A. Yadawad  S. N. Nayak  S. Mondal  A. M. Badigannavar  H. L. Nadaf  M. V. C. Gowda  R. S. Bhat 《Euphytica》2017,213(12):283

To identify marker–trait associations (MTAs) for yield and quality traits in peanut, genic and nongenic Arachis hypogaea transposable element (AhTE) markers were employed in a population consisting of independent mutants from several parents. The population was field-evaluated during the rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015, and genotyped with 110 AhTE markers to check the polymorphisms for AhMITE1 transposition. The gene diversity index ranged from 0.00 to 0.50 with average of 0.35, indicating low to moderate genetic diversity in the population. Diversity analysis indicated the grouping of mutants derived from each parent in respective subgroups. Marker–trait association analysis for 110 markers and 40 traits resulted in 132 highly significant MTAs, represented by 58 AhTE markers for 39 traits. Nutritional traits recorded the highest number of MTAs (38), followed by agronomic traits (35), productivity traits (31), foliar disease resistance (23), and taxonomic traits (5). Seventeen MTAs with phenotypic variance explained (PVE) value above 50 % were observed for resistance to late leaf spot (LLS) and rust, plant height, and pod width. The genic and nongenic AhTE markers associated with the above traits were analyzed for their genomic location and functional annotation so that the significance of these loci can be analyzed in the future.  相似文献   

Role of Nutrient Imbalance on Yellow Leaf Disease in Smallholder Arecanut Systems on a Laterite Soil in India     

Ravi Bhat  C. T. Jose 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(15):1738-1750

On-farm trials in India investigated the role of nutrient imbalance on yellow leaf disease (YLD) in arecanut on a laterite soil using compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) approach. Soil fertility status was imbalanced with high organic carbon status and low phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The CND norms indicated that the order of nutrient demand was changed with nutrient application. Interventions increased yield by 50% during 2007–2010. The correlations indicated positive effect of nitrogen (N) and K and negative effect of manganese (Mn) on yield. The CND indices for NPK were important discriminators between yellowed and apparently healthy populations both in 2007 and 2010. Linear regressions between leaf nutrient concentrations and CND indices were significant for P, K, iron (Fe), Mn, and copper (Cu) (R² = 0.44–0.53). Results suggest that the predisposing factor for YLD might be nutrient imbalance in the soil leading to deficit of major nutrients in plant.  相似文献   

The Chemical Composition of Rainfall and Throughfall in Five Forest Communities: A Case Study in Fort Benning, Georgia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shirish Bhat  Jennifer M. Jacobs  Malcolm L. Bryant 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,218(1-4):323-332

In order to investigate the effects of canopy-dependent processes on throughfall chemistry, comparative studies on the chemical composition of throughfall were carried out in five characteristic forest types of the southeastern United States within Fort Benning Military Installation from January 2002 to August 2003. The concentrations and fluxes of and total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus (TP) were determined in rainfall and throughfall. Seasonal variations in chemical fluxes were also evaluated. Throughfall concentrations of TOC, TKN, and TP in matured pine stand were higher than in rainfall and other forest stands. Throughfall nutrient concentrations in wetland were lowest as compared to rainfall as well as hardwood, mixed, plantation, and pine stands. The average TOC, TKN, and TP concentrations in the matured pine stand were 17.2, 0.74, and 0.057?mg/L, respectively. In wetland stands, average concentrations of TOC, TKN, and TP were 4.0, 0.54, and 0.034?mg/L, respectively. Hardwood stand had the lowest TKN concentration of 0.53?mg/L. Nutrient fluxes were generally higher during the dormant season (November?CApril) as compared to the growing season (May?COctober). The highest and lowest TOC fluxes during dormant season were contributed from pine stand (801.7?g/ha) and wetland stand (186.2?g/ha), respectively. Rainfall was the major contributor of TKN fluxes in growing season (32.3?g/ha) as well as in dormant season (34.1?g/ha). Similarly, highest TP flux was produced in mixed stand (2.7?g/ha) during the dormant season. Enrichment ratios of nutrients reveal that, in general, forest stands used up nutrients during growing season and washed off during the dormant season.  相似文献   

Status of free radicals in Indian monsooned coffee beans gamma-irradiated for disinfestation     

Bhushan B  Bhat R  Sharma A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(17):4960-4964

Free radicals in two cultivars of Indian monsooned coffee beans, gamma-irradiated for hygienic and quarantine purposes, were examined by entrapping the small amount of samples in potassium chloride powder in ESR quartz tubes. In contrast to a prominent free radical signal at g = 2.002, observed in spermoderm (silver skin) and cotyledon (whole seed without skin) parts of normal coffee beans, the same was not discernible in monsooned coffee bean parts of both cultivars. The ESR signal was found to be more prominent in the spermoderm than in the whole seed portion of the normal coffee beans. Common practices of roasting and powdering were found to generate quantitatively more free radicals in coffee beans than gamma-irradiation alone. Phenols, contributing maximally to observed free radical signals in coffee beans, were significantly different in normal and monsooned coffee beans. These observations on insignificant free radical population in irradiated monsooned coffee beans may be attributed to their inherent possession of high water activity, favoring decay of free radicals produced. Textural studies with monsooned coffee beans, before and after mild heat treatments, supported these findings.  相似文献   

Flavoring components of raw monsooned arabica coffee and their changes during radiation processing     

Variyar PS  Ahmad R  Bhat R  Niyas Z  Sharma A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):7945-7950

Volatile aroma principles, nonvolatile taste constituents (caffeine and chlorogenic and caffeic acids), and glycosidically bound aroma compounds of monsooned and nonmonsooned raw arabica coffee were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the most potent odor active constituents known to contribute to the aroma of the green beans, 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 4-vinylguaiacol, beta-damascenone, (E)-2-nonenal, trans,trans-2,4-decadienal, phenylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyric acid were detected by GC-MS in both samples. A decrease in content of methoxypyrazines and an increase in 4-vinylguaiacol and isoeugenol resulted in a dominant spicy note of monsooned coffee. These phenolic compounds exist partly as their glycosides, and their release from the bound precursors during monsooning accounted for their higher content in monsooned coffee. A considerable decrease in astringent chlorogenic acid as a consequence of hydrolysis to bitter caffeic acid was noted in monsooned coffee. Radiation processing of nonmonsooned beans at a dose of 5 kGy resulted in an increased rate of monsooning. At this dose a quantitative increase in most of the aroma active components could be observed in all samples studied. Hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid to caffeic acid was noted in radiation-processed monsooned coffee beans irrespective of whether the treatment was carried out before or after monsooning. These changes were, however, not observed in irradiated, nonmonsooned coffee beans, suggesting an enzymatic rather than a radiolytic cleavage of chlorogenic acid. A rationale behind the mechanism of monsooning and radiation-induced enhancement of the monsooning process is discussed.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization and species relationships among selected Asiatic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna</Emphasis> Savi     

Ruchi Vir  Tabassum Jehan  K. V. Bhat  S. Lakhanpaul 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(7):1091-1107

Twenty-four ISSR primers were employed for diversity analysis, genotyping and assessment of species relationships in Asiatic Vigna from the Indian subcontinent. A total of 396 fragments were scored with an average of 16.5 products per primer. Primer no 827 was the most informative primer with highest resolving power (Rp), marker index (MI) as well as genotypic index (GI). Linear correlation was observed between Rp, MI and GI. The wild forms, V. mungo var. silvestris, V. radiata var. sublobata and V. radiata var. setulosa grouped closer to their respective cultigens. V. hainiana emerged as a distinct taxon and seems to be more primitive in comparison to the other close wild relatives of greengram and blackgram. Moderate gene flow and genetic differentiation was detected between the species analyzed. Analysis of molecular variance performed for the group (mungo–radiata–hainiana) in three different combinations revealed that nearly half of the variation exists within the populations while the remaining half is equally distributed among species and among populations within species.  相似文献   

Diversity and regeneration status of Sarkot Van Panchyat in Garhwal Himalaya, India     

Nazir A. Pala  A. K. Negi  Yogesh Gokhale  Jahangeer A. Bhat  N. P. Todaria 《林业研究》2012,23(3):399-404

We investigated the floristic composition, phytosociological and regeneration status of Sarkot Van Panchyat (community forest) in Chamoli district of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 52 plant species of 46 genera and 26 families were recorded, which included 12 trees, 18 shrubs and 22 herb species. Quercus leucotrichophora was dominant tree species in sapling and seedling layers, followed by Lyonia ovalifolia and Rhododendron arboreum.Out of 12 tree species, 7 species in seedling stage and 8 species in sapling stage were recorded in the study area. The 44.41% species in the study area showed good regeneration status, 16.66% species were fairly regenerating,and 8.33% species showed poor regeneration status, while 33% species were not regenerating. Number of individuals from lower girth classes (0 10 cmand 10 30 cm) showed decreasing trend with the increase in size of girth class. Shannon index (H) for trees, shrubs and herbs was recorded as 1.82,2.24 and 2.41 respectively. Simpsons index (CD) was recorded as 0.21, 0.12and 0.12 for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. The forest should be divided into compartments for better management purpose and each compartment should be closed for five years to assist regeneration and enrichment planting may also be carried out for sustainable management.  相似文献   

Identification and overcoming barriers between Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg. and B. nigra (L.) Koch crosses for the resynthesis of B. juncea (L.) Czern.     

Sumangala Bhat  N. Sarla 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):455-469

Brassica juncea (2n = 36, AABB) is an amphidiploid derived from its diploid progenitor species B. rapa (2n = 20, AA) and B. nigra (2n = 16, BB). Resynthesis of B. juncea by exploiting the wider gene pool of the present day diploids offers a powerful tool for obtaining novel genetic variation. Hybridization between the two species is difficult because of the presence of crossability barriers. Barriers to hybridization were identified using Aniline Blue Fluorescence (ABF) method. Crosses were classified as having pre- or post-fertilization barriers based on whether less than or more than one per cent ovules showed pollen tube entry. Of the 23 crosses studied, seven crosses all with B. rapa as the female parent showed pre-fertilization barriers. Only 0 to 0.3 per cent ovules were fertilized in these crosses. The remaining 16 crosses, four with B. rapa as the female parent and 12 with B. nigra as the female parent, showed post-fertilization barriers. In crosses with pre-fertilization barriers use of bud pollination and stump pollination ensured or increased fertilization. These two simple techniques were used in combination with ovary-ovule culture to ensure recovery of hybrids. In crosses with post-fertilization barriers, ovary-ovule culture alone helped to obtain hybrids. Hybrids were obtained at higher frequency with the use of direct ovule culture compared to ovary-ovule culture. The F₁ plants obtained in vitro were multiplied on MS medium + 2 mg/l Kn + 0.2 mg/l IAA. These F₁ plants were confirmed as true hybrids through morphology, leaf isozymes and cytology. In all 17 hybrids were obtained of which three were amphidiploids.  相似文献   

Climate Projections Using Bayesian Model Averaging and Space–Time Dependence     

K. Sham Bhat  Murali Haran  Adam Terando  Klaus Keller 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2011,16(4):606-628

Projections of future climatic changes are a key input to the design of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Current climate change projections are deeply uncertain. This uncertainty stems from several factors, including parametric and structural uncertainties. One common approach to characterize and, if possible, reduce these uncertainties is to confront (calibrate in a broad sense) the models with historical observations. Here, we analyze the problem of combining multiple climate models using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to derive future projections and quantify uncertainty estimates of spatiotemporally resolved temperature hindcasts and projections. One advantage of the BMA approach is that it allows the assessment of the predictive skill of a model using the training data, which can help identify the better models and discard poor models. Previous BMA approaches have broken important new ground, but often neglected space–time dependencies and/or imposed prohibitive computational demands. Here we improve on the current state-of-the-art by incorporating space–time dependence while using historical data to estimate model weights. We achieve computational efficiency using a kernel mixing approach for representing a space–time process. One key advantage of our new approach is that it enables us to incorporate multiple sources of uncertainty and biases, while remaining computationally tractable for large data sets. We introduce and apply our approach using BMA to an ensemble of Global Circulation Model output from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report of surface temperature on a grid of space–time locations.  相似文献