Mobility of trace metals associated with urban particles exposed to natural waters of various salinities from the Gironde Estuary, France   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jörg Schäfer  Stefan Norra  Daniel Klein  Gérard Blanc 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(4):374-392

Background, aim and scope  Urban systems are hot spots of environmental pollution caused by manifold anthropogenic activities generating traffic-related, industrial and domestic emissions. Besides air, soil and groundwater pollution, pollution of surface water systems is of major concern because they are often (ab)used to export waste of various consistence out of urban areas and become contaminated on varying scales. The Gironde Estuary (southwest France) is affected by various anthropogenic contaminations derived from historic polymetallic pollution mainly due to former mining and ore-treatment and, additionally, from agriculture and urban areas. Although detailed knowledge is available on the impact of mining and anthropogenic activities on the water quality of the Gironde Estuary, almost nothing is known on the urban impact, even though the Garonne Branch which is one tributary of the Gironde system crosses the large urban agglomeration of Bordeaux. The present work links urban geochemistry and estuary research and aims at evaluating the mobility of potentially toxic trace elements (Cd, Cu, Zn, V, Co, Mo, Pb) associated with urban particles under estuarine conditions owing to the particles' role as potential vectors transporting urban pollutants into the estuary. For this, environmentally available fractions of trace elements in representative urban particles (urban dust, road sediment, riverbank sediment, construction materials) from the city of Bordeaux were extracted by natural estuarine waters of varying salinities and compared to commonly applied HNO₃ extractions. Materials and methods  For the assessment of the urban particles' contribution to the pollution of the Gironde/Garonne system, various particle types were sampled in Bordeaux: road sediments, urban bulk deposition, construction materials (concrete, asphalt, tile and gravel) and flood sediments. Potentially environmental available fractions of Cd, Cu, Zn, V, Co, Mo and Pb were extracted by means of concentrated HNO₃, estuarine freshwaters and waters of two different salinities (S = 15 and S = 31). Analysis of trace elements was carried out by means of quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, single particles from road sediments were characterised with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results  SEM analysis clearly showed that some particles contained fairly high concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements. Extractions of materials investigated by varying acidities and salinities documented that the potentially bioavailable fractions extracted by concentrated HNO₃ may cover wide concentration ranges. Natural estuarine waters of various salinities (S = 0.5; S = 15; S = 31) extracted high proportions of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd from urban particles, especially for high-salinity water (S = 31). Extractions with freshwater revealed the lowest concentrations of desorbed trace elements. Particulate Mo, Pb and V showed similar or lower mobility in saline water compared with freshwater, depending on the sample type. Discussion  Trace element mobility in estuarine waters varied according to the type of urban particles and depended on salinity for Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd. This is of high importance for towns located directly at the coast or for cities like Bordeaux, where water courses crossing the agglomerations are connected to saline water masses. Since trace elements desorbed from particles in saline waters may become highly bioavailable, they bear a potential risk for organisms. Comprehensive studies on the behaviour of urban particles in estuarine waters and the related potential environmental impact are still missing. Conclusions  Saline waters mobilise relatively high amounts of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd from urban particles suggesting considerable metal fluxes from riverine urban systems into coastal waters. Although estimates of trace metal inputs by urban bulk deposition (urban dust) and other types of urban particles are preliminary for Bordeaux and may bear important uncertainties due to several assumptions and extrapolation to the annual timescale, the orders of magnitude are probably realistic. Thus, these fluxes are not negligible and need (1) further and improved observation and (2) to be taken into account in both mass budgets at the estuary scale and emission control strategies. Recommendations and perspectives  New approaches combining geochemical and mineralogical characterisation of single urban particle types help identify their role in metal emission into the environment and develop potential limitation strategies (e.g. the ban of priority pollutants in tyres, etc.). Therefore, prioritisation of urban particle sources in terms of fluxes, reactivity of associated pollutants and feasibility of emission reduction is strongly recommended. Coastal cities should integrate extractions of urban particles with saline water into their environmental monitoring programs owing to the fact that saline conditions might cause efficient desorption of potentially toxic trace elements. In continental cities, winter salting is likely to induce intense mobilisation of metals from road sediments that may then reach the aquatic environment, instead of being retained in runoff decantation reservoirs followed by subsequent disposal/treatment with road sediments. However, also particles from continental cities reach coastal waters via rivers and have to be assessed with respect to trace metal desorption under various salinities. There is a strong need for the quantification of fluxes and for the identification of carrier phases and reactivity of metals exported from urban areas to aquatic systems.  相似文献   

An integrated approach to assess carbon credit from improved forest management     

Simone Blanc  Cristian Accastello  Ettore Bianchi  Federico Lingua  Giorgio Vacchiano  Angela Mosso 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(1):31-45

Fossil fuel consumption in recent decades has caused the rise of CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere, with negative consequences on the environment and human health. This study develops a methodological framework to quantify carbon credits from carbon-oriented forest management and evaluates the economic sustainability of their sale. Application of the framework to two forest compartments with long-lasting active management in the Western Italian Alps showed the feasibility of the methodology and provided insights on its replication in other contexts. Particularly, the Carbon-oriented scenario led to a reduction of both the extracted wood volume (10% and 6.5% CASE1 and CASE2, respectively) and Net Present Value (32% and 29%), leading to a carbon credit price of 19.6 € MgCO_2eq^?1? and 44.1 € MgCO_2eq^?1 to counteract these losses.

This work allows us to highlight the factors needed to design and evaluate alternative forest management options while considering the consequences of climate change. Moreover, the hypothesized scenarios include an economic remuneration of the positive externalities provided by sustainable forest management.

Finally, the proposed workflow entails undeniable environmental benefits while contrasting climate change but still looks undesirable with respect to the traditional timber-oriented management in compartments where high-quality wood products can be obtained.  相似文献   

Efficiency of Repeated In Vivo Oocyte and Embryo Recovery After rhFSH Treatment in Rabbits     

C Cortell  JS Vicente  E Mocé  F Marco-Jiménez  MP Viudes De Castro 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(1):155-159

This study aims to assess the efficiency of in vivo oocyte and embryo recovery after a recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) treatment in rabbit does. Females were distributed in two experimental groups: donor does were treated with rhFSH (superovulation group) for 3 days prior to artificial insemination (embryo recovery) or ovulation induction (oocyte recovery) and does without treatment remained as the control group. Mature oocytes or embryos were collected with the laparoscopy technique 16 h after ovulation induction (oocytes) or 72 h after artificial insemination (embryos). Up to four recoveries were performed with each doe. Recovery efficiencies differed significantly between embryos (84%) and oocytes (58%). Yet, the recovery rates for the superovulation and control groups did not differ. The rhFSH group was associated with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of oocytes and embryos recovered in comparison with the control group (10.2 ± 1.0 and 14.3 ± 1.2 vs 6.0 ± 2.7 and 8.4 ± 2.3 for oocytes and embryos, respectively). Results from this study indicate that repeated in vivo oocyte and embryo recovery from rhFSH superovulated does maximizes the number of oocytes or embryos collected from the same female.  相似文献   

Seasonal Variation of Plasminogen Activator Activity in Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma of Boar,Buck, Bull and Stallion     

IA Zervos  SN Lavrentiadou  MP Tsantarliotou  MP Georgiadis  NA Kokolis  IA Taitzoglou 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e440-e446

Plasminogen activators (PA) are proteolytic enzymes present in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma of various species. They play a role in the binding of the spermatozoon and its penetration through the layers surrounding the oocyte. Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) is modulated by hormones that have a seasonal variation, such as testosterone and melatonin. The present study investigates the seasonal variation of PA activity in sperm extracts and seminal plasma of four farm animal species: boar, buck, bull and stallion. Semen samples were collected every second week during a 12‐month period and PAA was determined. With respect to sperm enzyme activity, the boar showed a peak from late January until the beginning of April, whereas the activity in the bull was at the highest levels from April until October and gradually declined during autumn and winter period. Plasminogen activator activity of stallion spermatozoa peaked during March and April, and remained low throughout the rest of the year, whereas in the buck sperm, PAA increased from late October until the end of January. No biologically significant variation was detected regarding the seminal PAA activity in any of the species studied. While seasonality of reproduction is typically studied from the female perspective, the present data provide compelling information about a factor that may affect the reproductive ability of the male.  相似文献   

Reply     

MP WARD  M. FLANAGAN  FC BALDOCK  TE CARPENTER 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(9):359-360

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Detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a sensitive, rapid and reliable technique for primary diagnosis   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

P L Roeder  P M Le Blanc Smith 《Research in veterinary science》1987,43(2):225-232

A highly sensitive indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suitable for adoption as the routine diagnostic and typing test for foot-and-mouth disease virus of all seven serotypes is described. The assay uses rabbit and guinea pig antisera raised against inactivated 146S virus antigens. Strong homotypic and minimal heterotypic reactions with both whole virion 146S and derived virion subunit 12S antigens achieved a detection sensitivity approximately 125 times that of the complement fixation test. When applied to diagnostic material with positive-negative threshold criteria generated from testing a large number of negative samples, a positive result was obtained on 83.3 per cent of original virus-positive epithelia, three times the rate for the complement fixation test, and all were typed after one passage in culture.  相似文献   

Antibodies to bluetongue and related orbiviruses in sheep and goats in bluetongue virus-endemic areas of northern and central Queensland     

M. FLANAGAN  ME DASHORST  MP WARD  CM MORRIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(1):31-32

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Effects of Serum Deprivation and Cycloheximide on Cell Cycle of Low and High Passage Porcine Fetal Fibroblasts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MD Goissis  HVA Caetano  MG Marques  FRO de Barros  WB Feitosa  MP Milazzotto  M Binelli  MEOA Assumpção  JA Visintin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):660-663

Arrest of cells in G0/G1 cell cycle phase is desired for nuclear transfer procedures. Serum starvation and cell cycle inhibitors are different ways to induce synchronization of the cell cycle. This study investigated the effects of serum starvation and cycloheximide (CHX) on the cell cycle of low (5th) and high (15th) passages fetal porcine fibroblasts. Cell cycle phases were determined using fluorescent activated cell sorting. Fifth passage fibroblast cultures had higher (p < 0.05) proportion of cells in G0/G1 only after 72 h of serum starvation (77.60 ± 0.65) when compared with non‐starved cells (71.44 ± 1.88). Serum starvation for all periods tested induced an increase (p < 0.05) on proportion of cells in G0/G1 on the 15th passage. No significant differences were observed on the 5th passage cultures exposed to CHX, although, on the 15th passage an increase on proportion of cells was observed after all periods of exposure (p < 0.05). These data indicates that high passage cells in vitro are more susceptible to serum starvation and CHX G0/G1 synchronization.  相似文献   

OC9Effect of Melatonin Implants in Guirra Ewes     

M Rodriguez  F Marco-Jiménez  JS Vicente  MP Viudes-de-Castro 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(S2):105-105

In extensive systems, beef cows should be continuously with their calves to optimise pasture use but this practice can lengthen post-partum interval (PPI). A study was conducted to determine the influence of suckling frequency on Parda de Montaña cow-calf performance when cows are fed 70% energy requirements during lactation (outdoor winter conditions simulation). Thirty-six autumn-calving cows with similar body condition at calving (2.57) were assigned to three suckling systems [ ad libitum (AL), twice (2D) or once daily (1D) for 30 min]. Blood samples were collected twice a week to analyse progesterone concentrations by RIA. Cows lost similar weight until start of mating period (day 52 post-partum; −0.583, –0.513, –0.520 kg/day in AL, 2D and 1D). Standard milk yield was higher in AL than the rest (8.9, 6.2, 7.0 kg; p < 0.05), which was reflected on greater calf gain (0.895, 0.752, 0.676 kg/day; p < 0.05) and larger cow weight loss within 90 days post-partum in this treatment (–0.345, –0.188, –0.083 kg/day; p < 0.05). Suckling system did not affect either PPI (69.6, 89.1, 65.5 days) or cows cycling within 90 days post-partum (55, 46, 58%), which may compromise the target calving interval. In Parda de Montaña breed fed moderately pre-calving and undernourished during lactation, restricted suckling did not favour ovarian activity resumption, but post-partum subnutrition delayed about 40 days PPI observed in similar body condition at calving and calf management (Sanz et al., 2003; Anim Reprod Sci 79: 57–69)  相似文献   

Molecular characteristics of granulosa and cumulus cells and oocyte competence in Nelore cows with low and high numbers of antral follicles          下载免费PDF全文

CO Rosa  LSR Marinho  PRA da Rosa  MP De Cesaro  PA Lunardelli  KC Silva‐Santos  AC Basso  V Bordignon  MM Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):921-929

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