Evidence of Damage in Cryopreserved and Fresh Bovine Embryos Using the Tunel Technique   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YC Márquez-Alvarado  CS Galina  B Castilla  H León  N Moreno-Mendoza 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(3):141-145

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of bovine embryos cryopreserved in different years in Chiapas, Mexico. The embryos were obtained from a government institution (FIMEGEN) dedicated to promoting embryo transfer among dual-purpose cattle farmers. Forty-three embryos frozen in 1988, 1989, 2000 and 2002 were analysed with the Tunel technique to detect programmed cell death (apoptosis). Eleven fresh embryos were used as controls. Analysis of variance was used in embryos stored in the different years with averages tested using Tukey's test. Student's t-test was employed to compare fresh and frozen cells. Embryos with shorter storage time presented a lower number (p < 0.001) of Tunel-positive cells compared with embryos stored for longer time. On the contrary, when comparing the number of apoptotic cells between frozen and fresh embryos a higher number of positive cells (p < 0.05) were found in the former. The present results suggest that the cryopreservation per se caused damage that compromises the viability of the embryo. Another explanation for the lower pregnancy rate found in the tropics could be irreversible damage caused by poor storage technique in these large operations.  相似文献   

Protein digestibility, protease activity, and post-embryonic development of the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) exposed to the trypsin-inhibitor benzamidine     

Anderson M. Pilon  Raul Narciso C. Guedes 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,86(1):23-29

Protein digestibility, proteolytic activity, and post-embryonic development of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were assessed in larvae reared on artificial diet containing 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% (w/w) of the synthetic trypsin inhibitor benzamidine. Diet consumption was affected by the inhibitor when the insects were exposed to 0.50% benzamidine showing a 4-day delay and a 70%-higher peak of consumption. Larva weight gain was also affected by benzamidine and again the results of 0.50% benzamidine were unexpected due to the worst performance of the insects at this inhibitor concentration and not at 0.75% benzamidine. These patterns of consumption and weight gain were however consistent with the results of protein digestibility, which affects larvae mortality and adult emergence. The insect proteolytic activity was also affected by benzamidine, particularly at 0.50%. These results indicate that the insects are able to circumvent the potentially harmful effects of the inhibitor since at the highest concentration the negative impact is mitigated.  相似文献   

Effect of species and log diameter on the volumetric yield of lumber in northern Brazilian Amazonia: preliminary results     

Robson Borges De Lima  Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira  José Antônio Aleixo Da Silva  Marcelino Carneiro Guedes  Diego Armando Silva Da Silva  Cinthia Pereira De Oliveira 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(3):283-299

ABSTRACT

Volumetric yield analysis is critical to optimizing performance in the timber industry. In the Amazon and in the Amapá state, this information is still little known and scarce, and therefore this study was developed to obtain and analyze the volumetric yield coefficient of ten commercial tree species and to test the variation by diameter class. We collect data of volumetric yield from for ten commercial species. For each species, the yields in different diameter classes were analyzed, as well as the yield difference between the species. The overall yield obtained for the sawmills (43.95%) and the yield of each species are within the established standards for operations in the industry according to the legal requirements. There were no differences (p ≥ 0.05) in diameter classes for species with the exception of Dinizia excelsa and Handroanthus albus. However, there was no linear increase (p ≥ 0.05) between the diameter and yield of lumber for all species. The species Dinizia excelsa, Hymenolobium petraeum, Ocotea rubra and Vochysia guianensis show a significant difference in yield for the other species due to the higher obtained values, however, they are statistically similar when compared to each other.  相似文献   

Cerebral and Brainstem Electrophysiologic Activity During Euthanasia with Pentobarbital Sodium in Horses          下载免费PDF全文

M. Aleman  D.C. Williams  A. Guedes  J.E. Madigan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):663-672

Background

An overdose of pentobarbital sodium administered IV is the most commonly used method of euthanasia in veterinary medicine. Determining death after the infusion relies on the observation of physical variables. However, it is unknown when cortical electrical activity and brainstem function are lost in a sequence of events before death.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To examine changes in the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and brainstem during an overdose of pentobarbital sodium solution for euthanasia. Our testing hypothesis is that isoelectric pattern of the brain in support of brain death occurs before absence of electrocardiogram (ECG) activity.

Animals

Fifteen horses requiring euthanasia.

Methods

Prospective observational study. Horses with neurologic, orthopedic, and cardiac illnesses were selected and instrumented for recording of electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER), and ECG. Physical and neurologic (brainstem reflexes) variables were monitored.

Results

Loss of cortical electrical activity occurred during or within 52 seconds after the infusion of euthanasia solution. Cessation of brainstem function as evidenced by a lack of brainstem reflexes and disappearance of the BAER happened subsequently. Despite undetectable heart sounds, palpable arterial pulse, and mean arterial pressure, recordable ECG was the last variable to be lost after the infusion (5.5–16 minutes after end of the infusion).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Overdose of pentobarbital sodium solution administered IV is an effective, fast, and humane method of euthanasia. Brain death occurs within 73–261 seconds of the infusion. Although absence of ECG activity takes longer to occur, brain death has already occurred.  相似文献   

Gloeothece sp.—Exploiting a New Source of Antioxidant,Anti-Inflammatory,and Antitumor Agents     

Helena M. Amaro  Rita Barros  Tnia Tavares  Raquel Almeida  Isabel Sousa Pinto  Francisco Xavier Malcata  Ana Catarina Guedes 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)

Bioactive lipidic compounds of microalgae, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carotenoids, can avoid or treat oxidation-associated conditions and diseases like inflammation or cancer. This study aimed to assess the bioactive potential of lipidic extracts obtained from Gloeothece sp.–using Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) solvents like ethanol, acetone, hexane:isopropanol (3:2) (HI) and ethyl lactate. The bioactive potential of extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant (ABTS^•+, DPPH^•, ^•NO and O₂^•assays), anti-inflammatory (HRBC membrane stabilization and Cox-2 screening assay), and antitumor capacity (death by TUNEL, and anti-proliferative by BrdU incorporation assay in AGS cancer cells); while its composition was characterized in terms of carotenoids and fatty acids, by HPLC-DAD and GC-FID methods, respectively. Results revealed a chemopreventive potential of the HI extract owing to its ability to: (I) scavenge ^-NO^• radical (IC₅₀, 1258 ± 0.353 µg·mL⁻¹); (II) inhibit 50% of COX-2 expression at 130.2 ± 7.4 µg·mL⁻¹; (III) protect 61.6 ± 9.2% of lysosomes from heat damage, and (IV) induce AGS cell death by 4.2-fold and avoid its proliferation up to 40% in a concentration of 23.2 ± 1.9 µg·mL⁻¹. Hence, Gloeothece sp. extracts, namely HI, were revealed to have the potential to be used for nutraceutical purposes.  相似文献   

Effects of Calcium Hydroxide and Processing Conditions on Corn Meal Extrudates     

F. Martínez-Bustos  Y. K. Chang  A. C. Bannwart  M. E. Rodríguez  P. A. Guedes  E. R. Gaiotti 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(6):796-801

The effects of added calcium hydroxide (0.0, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35%) and processing conditions, feed moisture content (mc) (16, 18, and 20%) and barrel temperature (130 and 150°C) on characteristics of corn meal extrudates were studied. Extruder screw speed was maintained at 130 rpm. Corn meal was extruded with a single-screw extruder (Brabender model GNF 1014/2) with a screw compression ratio of 3:1. The highest values (P < 0.05) for radial expansion and the lowest values for density and breaking force of extrudates were found for the treatment with 0.00% calcium hydroxide extruded at 16% feed mc and 130°C barrel temperature. This treatment was statistically different from the other treatments. Best values for radial expansion of samples extruded with added calcium hydroxide were for the samples with 0.15% calcium hydroxide at 18% feed mc and 130°C barrel temperature, followed by the sample with 0.35% calcium hydroxide at 16% feed mc and 130°C barrel temperature. Water absorption index and water solubility index were affected by calcium hydroxide and extrusion conditions evaluated. Extrudates had large numbers of flattened and sheared granules. Increases in calcium hydroxide increased extrudate yellowness. The combined action of calcium hydroxide and extrusion conditions completely modified the organized structure of the starch and suggest the formation of a starch-calcium complex (crystalline region). The texture of the extruded products was crispy after puffing.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Protein Hydrolysates and Peptide Fractions Derived from Colossoma macropomum and Their Effect on Ground Beef Lipid Oxidation     

Camila Da Costa De Quadros  Karina Oliveira Lima  Caio Hendrix Luz Bueno  Fabíola Helena dos Santos Fogaça  Meritaine Da Rocha  Carlos Prentice 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(6):677-688

The objective of this study was to obtain protein hydrolysate from the mechanically separated meat of blackfin pacu to evaluate the influence by ultrafiltration in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the peptide fractions obtained and to apply in ground beef to evaluate the lipid stability. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using the enzyme Protamex (pH 7.0, 60°C) for 240 min. The protein hydrolysate was fractionated by ultrafiltration. Then, the antioxidant capacity of the protein hydrolysate and the peptide fractions were evaluated in vitro by the methods of 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) radical capture, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging assay, reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The antimicrobial activity of the samples was evaluated by disc-diffusion against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. After evaluation, the peptide fractions did not present higher bioactivities than that shown for the hydrolysate. The protein hydrolysate was applied to ground beef, where the substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid and color were evaluated during 7 days of storage at 4°C. Lipid oxidation was reduced up to 60.9% and there was no modification of the natural coloration. Thus, the protein hydrolysate can be used as an alternative source of antioxidant for the preservation of refrigerated meats.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding frequency on growth performance,blood metabolites,proximate composition and digestive enzymes of Lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) Juveniles     

Ewerton Calixto da Silva  Fabio Carneiro Sterzelecki  Luciana Alves Musialak  Juliet Kiyoko Sugai  Jorgelia de Jesus Pinto Castro  Fabiola Santiago Pedrotti  Caio Magnotti  Filipe dos Santos Cipriano  Vinicius Ronzani Cerqueira 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):1162-1169

This study verified the effects of feeding frequency on growth, blood metabolites, digestive enzyme activities (alkaline protease, acid protease, amylase and lipase) and proximate composition of Lebranche mullet juveniles. Fish with initial weight of 13.6 ± 0.7 g were distributed in twelve tanks and fed one, three, five and seven times per day to apparent satiation for 60 days. While the final weight of fish fed only once a day attained just 15.4 ± 0.7 g, those fed five or seven times per day reached 54.0 ± 12.1 and 55.9 ± 6.1 g respectively. The feed consumption also increased at high frequencies, but feed efficiency was higher (76.7 ± 11.7%) when mullets were fed three times per day. In general, increasing feeding frequencies also increased blood content of metabolites (total protein, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol), possibly due to increased intake and absorption of nutrients. The response of digestive enzymes correlated with feeding efficiency, with higher activity in fish fed three or five times per day. Concerning whole‐body proximate composition, no significant difference was observed in protein, but lipid content increased significantly with feed frequency. Based on growth performance and biochemical responses, we recommend feeding Lebranche mullet juveniles three to five times per day.  相似文献   

Patterns of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti: meta‐analyses of surveys in Latin America and the Caribbean     

Raul Narciso C Guedes  Kaley Beins  Dennis Navarro Costa  Giovanini E Coelho  Haroldo Srgio da S Bezerra 《Pest management science》2020,76(6):2144-2157

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Synthesis and testing of novel alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitors with antifungal activity against Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel), the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cocoa,and other phytopathogens     

Mario RO Barsottini  Brbara A Pires  Maria L Vieira  Jos GC Pereira  Paulo CS Costa  Jaqueline Sanit  Alessandro Coradini  Fellipe Mello  Cidnei Marschalk  Eder M Silva  Daniele Paschoal  Antonio Figueira  Fbio HS Rodrigues  Artur T Cordeiro  Paulo CML Miranda  Paulo SL Oliveira  Maurício L Sfora  Marcelo F Carazzolle  Silvana A Rocco  Gonalo AG Pereira 《Pest management science》2019,75(5):1295-1303

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