Ocular anomalies and holoprosencephaly in a lamb     

Zeiss CJ  Zarfoss MK  Johnson EE  Dubielzig RR 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(1):30-33

The brain and eyes from a 1-day-old, male mixed-breed lamb with bilateral microphthalmia were examined. Bilateral ventral colobomata of choroid, sclera, retina and optic nerve were accompanied by agenesis of the optic nerve, and dilated lateral and third ventricular cavities that communicated with the subarachnoid space. Abundant neuroretinal tissue extending through the colobomatous defect to retro-orbital connective tissue, the meningeal surface and ventricular system were identified by histologic examination. Positive immunolabeling of these structures for recoverin (a photoreceptor marker) established the retinal origin of ectopic structures. The optic nerve was replaced by a short fibrous stalk containing glial nests. Sections of brainstem revealed extensive architectural disorganization. A developmental abnormality resulting from defective optic nerve and retina compartmentalization, accompanied by abnormalities of midline development consistent with the holoprosencephaly syndrome, was diagnosed. These lesions are consistent with signaling defects in the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Genetic and toxic causes of sonic hedgehog signaling defects are discussed.  相似文献   

Gait and electromyographic alterations due to early onset of injury and eventual rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs: A pilot study     

Caroline P. Adrian  Kevin K. Haussler  Christopher E. Kawcak  Raoul F. Reiser  Cheryl Riegger‐Krugh  Ross H. Palmer  C. Wayne McIlwraith  Robert A. Taylor 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(3):388-400

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Remission after complete excision of an intramedullary hemangioma with an identifiable tumor plane in a dog     

Amy B. Yanke  Margaret A. Miller  Caroline V. Fulkerson  Kendra Bohn  R. Timothy Bentley 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(8):1507-1513

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The timeline development of female canine germ cells     

Aline F. de Souza  Eloise. C. de Ramos  Fabio S. Cury  Naira Caroline G. Pieri  Daniele S. Martins 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(7):964-971

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The complex relationship between welfare and reproduction in cattle     

Caroline Ritter  Annabelle Beaver  Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z3):29-37

Using reproduction parameters as indicators for cattle welfare has limitations and, at best, these parameters should only be viewed as indirect indicators of welfare. On a farm level, measures such as fertility rates emphasize biological performance of the herd but fail to consider the welfare of individual animals. Even on an individual level, the relationship between reproductive effectiveness and animal welfare is complex. Good reproductive performance does not automatically signify good welfare, as domestication and targeted breeding programmes have led to prioritization of high productive and reproductive performance in most modern farm animal species. In this review, we synthesize literature regarding cattle husbandry, reproduction, welfare and their multidimensional relationships. We argue that practices such as artificial insemination or the use of sexed semen may provide potential welfare advantages as these practices reduce the risk of disease transmission and injury or enable selection of specific beneficial traits. Furthermore, they may offer a solution to current practices jeopardizing welfare, such as the management of surplus bull calves in the dairy industry. Conversely, the animals’ ability to perform natural behaviours such as oestrous expression, an aspect arguably contributing to welfare, is often limited on commercial farms; this limitation is particularly evident in housing systems such as tie stalls where movement is restricted. Moreover, common management practices such as oestrus manipulation may lead to negative attitudes in citizens who often regard naturalness as important element of animal welfare.  相似文献   

Onderzoek over grondbacteriën en wortelrot van aardbeien in Canada     

Ir Martha Bakker  Dr Caroline H. Klinkenberg 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1948,54(1):23-28

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Removal of the dewclaws of dogs     

Kisko C 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(25):881

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Dr Margaret (Peggy) Varley,pioneer ecophysiologist and ichthyologist     

Caroline Pond 《Fish and Fisheries》2009,10(4):359-360

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Measuring fish catch and consumption: Practical methods for small‐scale fisheries based on length as an alternative to weight‐based approaches     

Caroline Garaway  Robert Arthur 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2020,27(3):270-278

Small‐scale fisheries are recognised as making important contributions to nutrition and economic development despite a lack of accurate quantitative information on catches and consumption. While direct measurement remains the most appropriate way of collecting such data, it is impractical at large scales. Instead, household surveys based upon informant recall of fish caught and/or consumed are frequently used. However, the accuracy of weight recall by informants (even over short recall periods) has not been established. Using data from household surveys, the accuracy and precision of catch and consumption estimates derived from: (a) asking informants to recall weights of fish caught and (b) asking respondents to recall lengths of fish caught and converting to weight were tested. Length‐based methods, using visual aids to assist recall, were more accurate, precise and correctable. These methods could be useful for catch estimation, especially where fish are processed, sold or consumed shortly after capture.  相似文献   

Response of Scotian Shelf silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) to environmental variability     

Daniel Reed  Stphane Plourde  Adam Cook  Pierre Pepin  Benoit Casault  Caroline Lehoux  Catherine Johnson 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(3):256-272

Commercially‐exploited fish populations are not only shaped by fishing pressure, but also by the dynamics of their environment. By quantifying the influence of environmental variability, fisheries management advice can be improved and uncertainties reduced. To this end, we developed statistical models of the response of Scotian Shelf silver hake stock metrics to variability in zooplankton community composition and phenology over the past 18 years and in the physical environment since 1985. Dominant modes of variability in these pelagic habitat indicators were characterized using principal component analysis, and the relationships of silver hake condition, abundance, and recruitment to pelagic habitat variability were assessed using generalized additive models. Condition was largely modulated by the onset and duration of the spring bloom, which controls food availability. In contrast, adult abundance was governed by composition of the zooplankton community and bottom‐water temperature, which dictates the distribution of silver hake. Finally, recruitment was affected by both thermal conditions and food availability. Our results presented here form the basis for qualitative assessment of ecosystem attributes and the influence on silver hake stock productivity.  相似文献