Genetic connections between dressage and show-jumping horses in Dutch Warmblood horses     

G. Rovere  P. Madsen  E. Norberg  J. A. M. van Arendonk  B. J. Ducro 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2014,64(1):57-66

Abstract

During the last decades, the breeding practice within the Dutch Warmblood studbook (KWPN) has resulted in an increasing specialisation of horses into show-jumping (JH) and dressage (DH). The objective of this study was to describe the effect of the specialisation on the connectedness between the subpopulations of JH and DH horses registered by KWPN. The subpopulations comprised 23,800 JH horses and 18,125 DH horses, born between 1995 and 2009. Genetic similarity (GS), genetic pool in common (GC_x) based on the marginal genetic contribution of common ancestors and coefficient of relationship (r) between and within subpopulations were analysed in three periods of time to describe changes in genetic connectedness between subpopulations. A decline in GS (0.97–0.45), GC_0.5 (0.69–0.13) and r (0.018–0.014) in the recent years was observed. Both subpopulations have a common genetic pool; however, if the specialisation process continues, it will result in two unrelated (genetic) groups.  相似文献   

Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes necrotizing pneumonia     

Labandeira-Rey M  Couzon F  Boisset S  Brown EL  Bes M  Benito Y  Barbu EM  Vazquez V  Höök M  Etienne J  Vandenesch F  Bowden MG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5815):1130-1133

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High-quality binary protein interaction map of the yeast interactome network   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yu H  Braun P  Yildirim MA  Lemmens I  Venkatesan K  Sahalie J  Hirozane-Kishikawa T  Gebreab F  Li N  Simonis N  Hao T  Rual JF  Dricot A  Vazquez A  Murray RR  Simon C  Tardivo L  Tam S  Svrzikapa N  Fan C  de Smet AS  Motyl A  Hudson ME  Park J  Xin X  Cusick ME  Moore T  Boone C  Snyder M  Roth FP  Barabási AL  Tavernier J  Hill DE  Vidal M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5898):104-110

Current yeast interactome network maps contain several hundred molecular complexes with limited and somewhat controversial representation of direct binary interactions. We carried out a comparative quality assessment of current yeast interactome data sets, demonstrating that high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening provides high-quality binary interaction information. Because a large fraction of the yeast binary interactome remains to be mapped, we developed an empirically controlled mapping framework to produce a "second-generation" high-quality, high-throughput Y2H data set covering approximately 20% of all yeast binary interactions. Both Y2H and affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP/MS) data are of equally high quality but of a fundamentally different and complementary nature, resulting in networks with different topological and biological properties. Compared to co-complex interactome models, this binary map is enriched for transient signaling interactions and intercomplex connections with a highly significant clustering between essential proteins. Rather than correlating with essentiality, protein connectivity correlates with genetic pleiotropy.  相似文献   

Cell signaling. Getting to the heart of mechanotransduction     

Hidalgo C  Donoso P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6048):1388-1390

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Identification of a universal Group B streptococcus vaccine by multiple genome screen   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Maione D  Margarit I  Rinaudo CD  Masignani V  Mora M  Scarselli M  Tettelin H  Brettoni C  Iacobini ET  Rosini R  D'Agostino N  Miorin L  Buccato S  Mariani M  Galli G  Nogarotto R  Nardi-Dei V  Nardi Dei V  Vegni F  Fraser C  Mancuso G  Teti G  Madoff LC  Paoletti LC  Rappuoli R  Kasper DL  Telford JL  Grandi G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5731):148-150

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a multiserotype bacterial pathogen representing a major cause of life-threatening infections in newborns. To develop a broadly protective vaccine, we analyzed the genome sequences of eight GBS isolates and cloned and tested 312 surface proteins as vaccines. Four proteins elicited protection in mice, and their combination proved highly protective against a large panel of strains, including all circulating serotypes. Protection also correlated with antigen accessibility on the bacterial surface and with the induction of opsonophagocytic antibodies. Multigenome analysis and screening described here represent a powerful strategy for identifying potential vaccine candidates against highly variable pathogens.  相似文献   

The effect of dietary supplementation with globin and spray-dried porcine plasma on performance,digestibility and histomorphological traits in broiler chickens     

Sihem Dabbou  Angela Trocino  Gerolamo Xiccato  Joana Nery  Josefa Madrid  Silvia Martinez  Fuensanta Hernández  Isabelle D. Kalmar  Maria Teresa Capucchio  Elena Colombino  Ilaria Biasato  Lucia Bailoni  Laura Gasco  Cecilia Mugnai  Achille Schiavone 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(Z2):42-51

This study evaluated the effects of globin and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen retention, energy retention efficiency (ERE) and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 336-day-old male broiler chickens were reared from 1 to 40 days of age and fed 3 diets (8 replicates/diet, 14 birds/replicate) during 3 feeding phases: starter (1–12 days), grower (12–25 days) and finisher (25–40 days). Isonitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing gluten protein isolate contained in the control diet (C diet) with 2% (starter) or 1% (grower and finisher) spray-dried porcine plasma in the plasma diet (SDPP diet). The globin diet (G diet) was obtained by adding globin on the top of C diet at a dose of 0.08% for the whole rearing period. Total tract apparent digestibility (aD), nitrogen retention and ERE were assessed during the three growing phases. At 12  and 40 days of age, one bird per pen was slaughtered to sample gut, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius for histomorphological investigations. The SDPP diet increased body weights of chickens at 12 (+60 g; p < .001), 25 (+101 g; p < .001) and 40 days (+130 g; p = .018) of age compared to C and G diets. Also SDPP improved crude protein aD (+9.7%) and ERE (+12.3%) during the starter phase (p < .001). Dietary globin and SDPP inclusion did not affect either the gut morphology or the histopathological findings in birds at 12 and 40 days of age, despite a numerical (+6.90% and +7.40% respectively) villus height improvement in the SDPP group. Overall, these results confirm that dietary supplementation with SDPP and, to a lesser extent, with globin can improve growth performance and dietary protein and energy utilization in broiler chickens without effect on gut functionality.  相似文献   

Determination of 28 Elements in Aquatic Moss Fontinalis Antipyretica Hedw. and Water from the Upper Reaches of the River Nysa (CZ,D), by ICP-MS,ICP-OES and AAS     

Vazquez  María D.  Wappelhorst  Olaf  Markert  Bernd 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,152(1-4):153-172

The concentrations of 28 elements in samples of the bryophyte F. antipyretica Hedw collected from various sites on the upper reaches of the River Nysa and its main tributaries were determined. These results were compared with similar analyses of water samples collected at the same sites. So, it was possible to determine the elemental composition of the water both directly and indirectly, using a bioindicator organism. Analyses were carried out using different instrumental techniques (ICP-MS, ICP-OES, AAS), some elements being analysed by both ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Functional regression analysis showed that for some of these elements, namely Al, Ba, Fe, Sr and Ti in moss, and Ba, Ca and Zn in water samples, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the concentrations determined by both techniques. The coefficients of correlation moss/water for each element were calculated, but they were in general low. However the coefficients of correlation between different elements were in general good. Finally, the elemental concentrations in the aquatic moss were also used to assess the level of contamination in the area of study, through the calculation of CF (Contamination Factor) values.  相似文献   

Technetium-99 toxicity in phaseolus vulgaris: Ultrastructural evidence for metabolic disorders     

Bennassar  A.  Vazquez  M. D.  Cabot  C.  Poschenrieder  Ch.  Barcelo  J. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,(1):681-689

The influence of light intensity on the effects of 10^–6 mol L^{–1 99}Tc on growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of bush bean plants was investigated. After germination and cotyledon excision, the plants were grown in a growth chamber either under low light (photosynthetic active radiation, PAR 144 E m^–2 s^–1) or higher light (PAR 307 E M^–2 s^–1) conditions. In plants grown under the higher light conditions, ⁹⁹Tc hardly affected CO₂-assimilation, dark respiration, pigment contents and growth. No toxicity symptoms were observed in these plants. Under low light conditions, ⁹⁹T c significantly decreased growth and the concentration of chlorophylls. Toxicity symptoms in the form of chlorosis and necrosis developed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed alterations of chloroplast ultrastructure comparable to those described for plants slightly affected by paraquat toxicity or by Mo-deficiency. Our results indicate that in the low light plants ⁹⁹Tc induces damage in chloroplasts by peroxidation of membrane lipids.  相似文献   

Antifungal and insect antifeedant 2-phenylethanol esters from the liverwort Balantiopsis cancellata from Chile     

Labbé C  Faini F  Villagrán C  Coll J  Rycroft DS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(2):247-249

A chemical study of a dichloromethane extract of Balantiopsis cancellata led to the isolation of four known 2-phenylethanol esters (1-4) and a phenylethanediol benzoate (5). Antifeedant activity toward Spodoptera littoralis (disk-choice bioassay) and growth inhibition of the phytopathogen Cladosporium herbarum in TLC-bioautography assays were determined. The results show that the antifeedant and antifungal activity of the extract is attributable mainly to the trans-beta-methylthioacrylate 4.  相似文献   

Effect of chelating and antioxidant agents on morphology and DNA methylation in freeze-drying rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) spermatozoa     

Francesca Mercati  Paula Domingo  Rolando Pasquariello  Cecilia Dall'Aglio  Alessandro Di Michele  Katia Forti  Paolo Cocci  Cristiano Boiti  Lidia Gil  Massimo Zerani  Margherita Maranesi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(1):29-37

Freeze-drying (FD) has been exhaustively tried in several mammalian species as an alternative technique to sperm cryopreservation, but few studies have been done in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The main objective of this study was to compare the protective effect of various antioxidants added to EDTA medium on structural and functional components of FD rabbit spermatozoa and on their status of global DNA methylation. FD media used were composed of basic FD medium (10 mM Tris-HCl buffer and 50 mM NaCl) supplemented with either 50 mM EDTA alone (EDTA) or added with 105 µM of rosmarinic acid (RA, EDTA-RA) or 10 µM of melatonin (MLT, EDTA-MLT). The effect of each medium on the preservation of FD spermatozoon structure was evaluated with light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Global DNA methylation was quantified in all FD sperm samples as well as in fresh spermatozoa. Morphologically, fracture points were evidenced in the neck, mid and principal piece of the spermatozoon tail. No differences in spermatozoon fracture points were evidenced among FD treatments: intact spermatozoa were the largest (p < .01) category, whereas the most frequent (p < .01) injury was the neck fracture, resulting in tailless heads. At SEM, the head of spermatozoa showed a well-conserved shape and intact membrane in all treatments. DNA methylation status was the same in all FD treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of EDTA, EDTA-RA and EDTA-MLT during FD preserved rabbit sperm morphological integrity and methylation status as well. Therefore, the difficulty of getting viable offspring using FD semen is likely unrelated to the impact of the lyophilization process on DNA methylation and morphology of lyophilized spermatozoa.  相似文献