Flow cytometry: a quick method to determine ploidy levels in honeybush (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyclopia</Emphasis> spp.)     

Mlamuli M. Motsa  Cecilia Bester  Margaretha M. Slabbert  Karin Hannweg  Mardé Booyse 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(6):1711-1724

Cyclopia (honeybush) species are widely-used in the production of a South African herbal tea and are endemic to the fynbos region of the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces. Honeybush is still one of the orphan agriculture crops and recent breeding efforts by researchers are hampered by the lack of basic genetic information e.g. basic chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. This study determined nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of various genotypes of three Cyclopia species using flow cytometry and cytological counting of chromosomes. Nuclei analysis of young leaves of C. genistoides, C. longifolia and C. subternata were done using a flow cytometer, while root tip squashes were carried out in order to correlate flow cytometry results. Flow cytometry analysis indicated differences in the nuclear DNA content among and within species whilst the DNA ploidy level only differed among species. Cyclopia genistoides had a higher DNA ploidy level (≥?10C) and DNA content (10.63 pg) than C. longifolia (6.09 pg) and C. subternata (5.99 pg), with no differences observed between the ploidy level of the latter two species (6C). The inferred ploidy level from nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry was consistent in all 30 genotypes of C. longifolia, and 24 of the 25 C. subternata and in only four of the 15 C. genistoides studied genotypes. These findings are important in breeding new cultivars with desired horticultural traits, thus improving the commercial characteristics for the sustainable production of honeybush.  相似文献   

Asymmetrical size and functionality of the pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) testes: Right testis is bigger but left testis is more efficient in spermatogenesis          下载免费PDF全文

R. Ungerfeld  M. Villagrán  L. Lacuesta  N. Vazquez  W. Pérez 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2017,46(6):547-551

Information about gonadal asymmetries in ruminants is very scarce. In this work, we performed three complementary studies to compare characteristics of both testes: (i) weight and size of offspring and adult dead males; (ii) the tissue:fluid relationship determined by ultrasound scanning; and (iii) the spermatogenic status using fine needle aspiration cytology. The right testis was heavier than the left one in both offspring and adult animals and had greater width and volume in adult males than the left one. The ultrasound pixel intensity was similar in both testes. The right testis tended to have more spermatogonia (p = .06) and had a greater percentage of early spermatids (p = .004) than the left testis. On the other hand, the left testis had a greater percentage of spermatozoa (p = .05). The left testis had a greater spermatozoa/spermatogonia ratio (p = .02) and tended to have more spermatozoa/Sertoli cells ratio (p = .07). The spermatogenic index tended to be greater in the left than in the right testis (p = .06). Overall, we concluded that the right testis of pampas deer males is bigger but according to the cytology, it seems to be less spermatogenically effective than the left one, but these differences are not explained by different tissue:fluid ratio in each testis. Although differences were greater in adults than in offspring, asymmetry was observed even in just born offspring.  相似文献   

Genetic correlations between dressage,show jumping and studbook‐entry inspection traits in a process of specialization in Dutch Warmblood horses          下载免费PDF全文

G. Rovere  B.J. Ducro  J.A.M. van Arendonk  E. Norberg  P. Madsen 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2017,134(2):162-171

Sport performance in dressage and show jumping are two important traits in the breeding goals of many studbooks. To determine the optimum selection scheme for jumping and dressage, knowledge is needed on the genetic correlation between both disciplines and between traits measured early in life and performance in competition in each discipline. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters to support decision‐making on specialization of breeding horses for dressage and show jumping in Dutch warmblood horses. Genetic correlations between performance of horses in dressage and show jumping were estimated as well as the genetic correlation between traits recorded during studbook‐entry inspections and performance in dressage and show jumping competitions. The information on competition comprised the performance of 82 694 horses in dressage and 62 072 horses in show jumping, recorded in the period 1993–2012. For 26 056 horses, information was available for both disciplines. The information on traits recorded at studbook‐entry inspections comprised 62 628 horses, recorded in the period 1992–2013. Genetic parameters were estimated from the whole dataset and from a subset without horses recorded in both disciplines. Additionally, the genetic parameters were estimated in three different time periods defined by horses' birth year. The genetic correlation between dressage and show jumping in the whole dataset was ?0.23, and it was ?0.03 when it was estimated from horses recorded in only one discipline. The genetic correlation between dressage and show jumping was more negative in the most recent time period in all the cases. The more negative correlation between disciplines in more recent time periods was not reflected in changes in the correlations between competitions traits and the traits recorded in the studbook‐first inspection. These results suggest that a breeding programme under specialization might be most effective defining two separate aggregate breeding goals for each of the disciplines.  相似文献   

Development of wheat kernels with contrasting endosperm texture characteristics as determined by magnetic resonance imaging and time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cecilia Castro  Laura Gazza  Roberto Ciccoritti  Norberto Pogna  Cesare Oliviero Rossi  Cesare Manetti 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

Spikes and seeds from diploid ‘einkorn’ wheat Triticum monococcum and two near-isogenic hard and soft common wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines were harvested at regular intervals from 7 days post-anthesis (dpa) and analysed by non-destructive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). A large amount of free water occurred in rachises, glumes and awns of spikes collected at 7 dpa, and accumulated in the physiologically active cells of the endosperm at 21 dpa. In the final stages of kernel development, awns and seed embryos exhibited a high MR signal due to the presence of free water likely associated with biological activities. TD-NMR relaxation time distributions obtained by discrete exponential fitting, distributed exponential fitting and SLICING multivariate analysis offered detailed information on mobility behaviour of water molecules in developing seeds and were able to differentiate two soft and hard isolines from common wheat cv. Enesco at early stages of seed development.  相似文献   

Why Certify? Motivations,Outcomes and the Importance of Facilitating Organizations in Certification of Community-Based Forestry Initiatives   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sarah Crow  Cecilia Danks 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(2):195-211

Despite documented challenges, many community-based forestry (CBF) initiatives pursue forest certification. This study asked community-based forestry practitioners in Vermont what influenced their decisions to seek or not seek certification and what outcomes were realized from certification. Relationships, public image, value alignment and feedback on management practices were most commonly cited as both motivations for and results of certification. Expectations for economic benefits were low and price premiums for products were only occasionally realized. Informants complained of the increasing cost, complexity and time commitment required of certification. Overall, however, certified CBF informants felt certification was worth the expense. Group certificates and external funding significantly reduced certification costs to grassroots CBF initiatives. This study highlights the importance of facilitating organizations that can provide outreach, secure funding, understand the rules, handle documentation and develop markets for certified products.  相似文献   

Prevalence of radiographic detectable intervertebral disc calcifications in Dachshunds surgically treated for disc extrusion     

Cecilia Rohdin  Janis Jeserevic  Ranno Viitmaa  Sigitas Cizinauskas 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):24

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A wide diversity of zoonotic intestinal parasites infects urban and rural dogs in Neuquén,Patagonia, Argentina     

Silvia Viviana Soriano  Nora Beatriz Pierangeli  Irene Roccia  Hector Fabián Jesus Bergagna  Lorena Evelina Lazzarini  Alejandra Celescinco  Mónica Susana Saiz  Alejandra Kossman  Pablo Adrián Contreras  Cecilia Arias  Juan Angel Basualdo 《Veterinary parasitology》2010

The presence of parasites was investigated by the examination of 1944 dog faecal samples collected from urban (n = 646) and rural (n = 1298) areas of the province of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. Parasitic agents (PA) were found in 37.86% of samples. A total of 15 different PA were detected, including Toxocara canis (16.35%), Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp. (12.65%), Trichurisvulpis (6.06%), Giardia spp. (1.29%), Toxascaris leonina (0.56%), Ancylostomacaninum (0.41%), Dipylidium caninum (0.31%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (0.10%), among others. Several of these PA are recognized as zoonotic agents. Therefore, the results of this investigation revealed that local population is exposed to a broad spectrum of zoonotic parasites by means of environmental contamination with dog faeces. Prevalence of PA was slightly higher in rural (40.06%) than in urban (33.44%) locations. Distribution of groups of PA (cestodes, nematodes, and protozoa) showed statistical differences between both habitats. Prevalence of cestodes (18.18%) and protozoa (11.86%) was significantly higher in the rural environment than in urban areas and nematodes (29.10%) were more frequent in urban locations. Infection of dogs with Linguatula serrata and Cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated for the first time in Neuquén. Rural dogs of the study area are under hydatic disease control program, which includes treatment with praziquantel every 6 weeks; thus, the finding of high level of cestode infection in these areas is of great relevance. The epidemiology of zoonotic parasitic infections in urban and rural dogs showed different patterns and, in consequence, different control measurements should be applied in each location.  相似文献   

Structural and biochemical characterization and evolutionary relationships of the fatty acid-binding protein 10 (Fabp10) of hake (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Merluccius hubbsi</Emphasis>)     

Cecilia Alejandra Crovetto  Osvaldo León Córdoba 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(1):149-165

A fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) from the liver of Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) was isolated and characterized and its expression analyzed. The determination of its partial primary structures (72 %) showed that it presents highest identity with Fabp10, commonly termed liver basic-type FABP. The evolutionary tree showed greater relationship between the Fabp10 of hake (Me Fabp10) and the Fabp10 and the Fabp10a of teleost fish. Me Fabp10 had low affinity for palmitic, oleic and palmitoleic acid and high affinity for bilirubin, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, all of them important in the metabolic functions of the liver. Me Fabp10 was able to bind only one cis-parinaric acid molecule and was found to be expressed only in the liver.  相似文献   

Improving the screening process for the selection of potato breeding lines with enhanced polyphenolics content     

Shiroma-Kian C  Tay D  Manrique I  Giusti MM  Rodriguez-Saona LE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):9835-9842

Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. Our objective was to develop simple protocols to determine phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity in polyphenolic extracts of potatoes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate techniques. Lyophilized potato samples (23) were analyzed. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted from potatoes and applied directly applied onto a three-bounce ZnSe crystal for attenuated total reflectance measurements in the infrared region of 4000 to 700 cm (-1). Robust models were generated (r > or = 0.99) with standard error of cross-validation values of 4.17 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g (total phenolics), 0.87 mg pelargonidin-3-glucoside/100 g (monomeric anthocyanins), and 130.8 mumol Trolox equivalent/100 g (antioxidant capacity) potato powder. In addition, classification models discriminated potato samples at the species and variety level. Application of a simple infrared spectroscopic protocol allowed simultaneous rapid quantification of specific nutritional components in potatoes and efficient selection of value-added potato varieties.  相似文献   

Medical ethnobotany of the Tabarkins,a Northern Italian (Ligurian) minority in south-western Sardinia     

Andrea Maxia  Maria Cristina Lancioni  Alessandra Nicoletta Balia  Raffaella Alborghetti  Andrea Pieroni  Maria Cecilia Loi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(6):911-924

A medico-ethnobotanical study was conducted among the Tabarkin communities living in Calasetta and Carloforte, in south-western Sardinia. These communities represent a Ligurian minority who have resided in Sardinia since their forebears migrated from Tabarka in Tunisia in the second half of the 18th Century, having previously migrated to Tabarka from Genoa in 1544. In this study, we conducted more than 200 interviews and recorded 53 botanical taxa and 72 folk pharmaceutical preparations, which represent the folk medicine of the Tabarkins. The folk phytotherapy of the Tabarkins living in Calasetta and Carloforte is quite restricted compared with other folk phytotherapy recorded in similar recent ethnobotanical studies conducted in Sardinia. This could indicate that there has been a remarkable erosion of Traditional Knowledge (TK) within these two communities. Of particular interest are a few local medical uses we recorded that have never or only very rarely been documented in Italy; namely the use of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter as an anti-haemorrhoidal, of Centaurea calcitrapa L. as a remedy for malaria, of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in ophthalmic treatments, and of Urtica dioica L. as an antiviral in cases of German measles. Most of the botanical species quoted in this research are referred to in the two centres using a local Ligurian idiom. Most of the medico-botanical uses we recorded are very similar to those collected in other ethnobotanical surveys carried out in Liguria and south-western Sardinia. Because there was no evidence in this research of any substantial ethnobotanical traces related to the communities’ North-African experience, it would appear that the Tabarkins have readily adopted their host culture’s use of medicinal plants and have retained their own traditional cognitive concepts and knowledge of the natural plant world through the language only.  相似文献