Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Feral Pigs Throughout Texas          下载免费PDF全文

K. J. Cummings  L. D. Rodriguez‐Rivera  M. K. Grigar  S. C. Rankin  B. T. Mesenbrink  B. R. Leland  M. J. Bodenchuk 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(6):436-441

Feral pigs are one of the most abundant free‐roaming ungulates in the United States, yet their role in the ecology and transmission of foodborne pathogens is poorly understood. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella shedding among feral pigs throughout Texas, to identify risk factors for infection, and to characterize the isolates. Faecal samples were collected from feral pigs in Texas from June 2013 through May 2015. Standard bacteriologic culture methods were used to isolate Salmonella from samples, and isolates were characterized via serotyping and anti‐microbial susceptibility testing. The prevalence of faecal Salmonella shedding among sampled pigs was 43.9% (194/442), with positive pigs originating from 50 counties. Pigs sampled during fall and summer were significantly more likely to be shedding Salmonella than pigs sampled during winter. High serovar diversity was evident among the isolates, and many of the detected serovars are leading causes of human salmonellosis. The most common serovars were Montevideo (10.0%), Newport (9.1%), and Give (8.2%). Resistance to anti‐microbial agents was rare. The burgeoning feral pig population in the United States may represent an emerging threat to food safety.  相似文献   

Does Salinity Inhibit Alfalfa Leaf Growth by Reducing Tissue Concentration of Essential Mineral Nutrients?   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

H. A. Esechie  V. Rodriguez 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,182(4):273-278

The increased salinity of arid and semi-arid lands has become a problem of great concern in agriculture. The possibility that the inhibition of leaf growth in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) growing under saline conditions may be associated with a reduction in ion concentration in the leaf was investigated. Seeds of alfalfa cv. Buraimi were sown in PVC cylinders filled with loamy sand and arranged in large pots embedded in the soil with the rim just above the soil surface. This arrangement simulated plants grown under field conditions. Seedlings were irrigated with saline (12.2 dS m−1) and nutrient solutions (full strength or 20 times dilution) twice weekly. After 6 weeks the plants were harvested and separated into roots, stem and leaves. The leaves were further separated into lamina and petioles and analysed for the major and minor nutrient elements. Salinization significantly reduced the fresh weights of the roots, stem and leaves as well as the concentration of N, K, Ca and Mg in the leaf tissue. With the exception of Cu concentration, which was enhanced by salinity, all the micronutrients (B, Zn, Mn and Fe) had reduced concentrations in the leaves of salinized alfalfa. The application of an external nutrient solution, especially the full-strength solution, produced an increase in leaf growth and leaf nutrient element concentration. On the basis of these results it was concluded that reduced leaf nutrient concentration may be one of the primary causes of the inhibition of leaf growth that was characteristic of alfalfa growing under salinity stress.  相似文献   

Dynamic interfacial rheology as a tool for the characterization of whey protein isolates gelation at the oil-water interface.     

J M Rodriguez Patino  M R Rodriguez Nino  C Carrera Sanchez 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(9):3640-3648

Heat-induced interfacial aggregation of a whey protein isolate (WPI), previously adsorbed at the oil-water interface, was studied by interfacial dynamic characteristics coupled with microscopic observation and image analysis of the drop after heat treatment. The experiments were carried out at temperatures ranging from 20 to 80 degrees C with different thermal regimes. During the heating period, competition exists between the effect of temperature on the film fluidity and the increase in mechanical properties associated with the interfacial gelation process. During the isothermal treatment, the surface dilational modulus, E, increases, and the phase angle, delta, decreases with time to a plateau value. The frequency dependence of E and delta is characteristic of viscoelastic films with increasing delta and decreasing E at lower frequencies. The effects of heat treatment depend on the conditions at which the gelation process takes place. Microscopic observation of gelled films gives complementary information on the effect of heat treatment on WPI adsorbed films.  相似文献   

Disposition and tolerance of suxibuzone in horses.     

M V Jaraiz  C Rodriguez  M D San Andres  F Gonzalez  M I San Andres 《Equine veterinary journal》1999,31(5):411-416

Suxibuzone (SBZ), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was administered to 6 horses at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg bwt by intravenous (i.v.) route. Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of suxibuzone and its main active metabolites, phenylbutazone (PBZ) and oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ), were measured simultaneously by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Plasma SBZ concentrations rapidly decreased and were not detectable beyond 20 min after treatment. The parent drug was not detected in any synovial fluid samples. Average maximum plasma concentrations of PBZ (16.43 microg/ml) and OPBZ (2.37 microg/ml) were attained at 0.76 and 7.17 h, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) of PBZ was 6.96 h in plasma. Oxyphenbutazone plasma concentrations were below those reached by phenylbutazone during the first 12 h after suxibuzone administration, even though its values were detectable for at least 24 h (MRT = 10.65 h). Plasma concentrations of PBZ and OPBZ exceeding EC50 and IC50 of TXB2 and PGE2 were reached by at least 12 h. Synovial fluid concentrations of PBZ and OPBZ were 2.87+/-0.37 microg/ml and 0.97+/-0.08 microg/ml at 9 h after suxibuzone administration and exceeded IC50 of PGE2 for at least this time. In the present study, suxibuzone was well tolerated following i.v. injection.  相似文献   

Effect of increasing docosahexaenoic acid content in weaning diets on survival,growth and skeletal anomalies of longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana,Valenciennes 1833)          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio Mesa‐Rodriguez  Carmen Maria Hernández‐Cruz  Mónica Beatriz Betancor  Hipólito Fernández‐Palacios  Marisol S Izquierdo  Javier Roo 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(3):1200-1209

Five isoproteic (54.8%) and isolipidic (24.1%) microdiets, which varied in their docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content (0.25%, 0.75%, 1.64%, 1.99% and 3.17%; dw), were manufactured to determine its effects on longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana larvae in terms of fish biological performance, whole body fatty acid profile and incidence of skeletal anomalies from 30 dah (11.31 ± 1.79 Total Length, TL) to 50 dah (19.80 ± 0.58 mm TL). The inclusion of dietary DHA up to 3.17% (dw) improved larval resistance to air exposure, although DHA did not significantly affect fish final growth or final survival. Indeed, high levels of dietary DHA (1.99% and 3.17%, dw) tended to increase the incidence of skeletal anomalies in S. rivoliana larvae, albeit no significant differences were observed. Furthermore, the occurrence of severe anomalies such as kyphosis and lordosis, was mainly associated to the larvae fed the highest levels of dietary DHA. In terms of survival, increasing dietary DHA levels did not significantly affect longfin yellowtail survival rate, despite a tendency for enhanced survival. The results of the present study proved that the inclusion of dietary DHA in inert diets up to a 3.17% (dw) and a DHA/EPA ratio above 3.1 increased the final survival and stress resistance in S. rivoliana larvae.  相似文献   

Genotype Number and Allelic Diversity Overview in the National Collection of Chilean Potatoes     

M. Muñoz  C. Folch  F. Rodriguez  J. Kalazich  S. Orena  J. Santos  R. Vargas  A. Fahrenkrog  A. Puga 《Potato Research》2016,59(3):227-240

  相似文献   

Ecophysiology of iron homeostasis in plants     

Cesar Abel Krohling  Frederico Jacob Eutrópio  Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi  Leonardo Barros Dobbss  Eliemar Campostrini  Teresa Dias 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2016,62(1):39-47

In nature, iron (Fe) occurs in abundance and ranks fourth among all elements on Earth’s surface. Still, its availability to plants is reduced, once this element is in the form of hydrated oxides, which can limit plant productivity and biomass production. On the other hand, in high concentrations, this essential micronutrient for the plants can become a toxic agent, increasing the environmental contamination. Fe is necessary for the maintenance of essential processes like respiration and photosynthesis, participating in the electron transport chain and in the conversion between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, being a key element for carbon dioxide (CO₂) fixation and, therefore, important for crop production of cultivated or natural species. The balance of Fe should be strictly controlled, because both its deficiency and its toxicity affect the physiological process of plants. In aerated soils Fe is present in the form of Fe³⁺, which is the oxidized form and is less available to plants, so these organisms have developed different strategies for absorption, transport and storage of Fe. Deficiency and excess of Fe correlate with local soil conditions and with the care adopted in plant nutrition during the phenological phases and/or in the course of its cultivation. In situations of excessive accumulation of Fe in tissues, an enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation (OH^?) occurs by Fenton reaction. Here, we review the nutritional, genetic and ecophysiological aspects of uptake, translocation and accumulation of Fe ions in plants growing under conditions of deficiency or toxicity of this metal.  相似文献   

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) by Stable Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) Microparticles     

Carmen M. Dominguez  Sergio Rodriguez  David Lorenzo  Arturo Romero  Aurora Santos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(12):446

  相似文献   

Efficacy of thiamethoxam and fipronil,applied alone and in combination,to control Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus bicolor (Coleoptera: Elateridae)          下载免费PDF全文

Anuar Morales‐Rodriguez  Kevin W Wanner 《Pest management science》2015,71(4):584-591

  相似文献   

Ex‐post facto analysis of diseases of the Gulf of Mexico′s white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus     

Rodolfo Enrique del Rio‐Rodriguez  Atahualpa Sosa‐Lopez  Daniel Pech 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(5):907-912

This study presents an Ex‐Post Facto analysis of diseases of wild juvenile and adults of Litopenaeus setiferus collected from a field survey at the Natural Protected Area of Terminos lagoon, southern Mexico. The objective of the present approach was to determine if sampling site and/or shrimp age were contributing risk factors for disease between juvenile and adult shrimp; if there was a determined period of time in a year cycle when diseases were more critical, and if the analysis would help to decision‐ making considering what population would pose less risk of disease‐carrying when withdrawn for experimental purposes; all under an after‐the‐fact (ex‐post facto) approach. We identified that juvenile shrimp were at more risk of contracting some diseases in the estuarine environment and June, July and August months, were found to be a critical period when colonizing and parasitic diseases maintained a significant high prevalence in the shrimp population. These assumptions may help for decision‐making when wild shrimp have to be withdrawn from their natural environment for research purposes.  相似文献