A novel machine learning-based web application for field identification of infectious and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system in cattle     

Sara Ferrini  Cesare Rollo  Claudio Bellino  Giuliano Borriello  Giulia Cagnotti  Cristiano Corona  Giorgia Di Muro  Mario Giacobini  Barbara Iulini  Antonio D'Angelo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2023,37(2):766-773

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HRM analysis provides insights on the reproduction mode and the population structure of Gnomoniopsis castaneae in Europe          下载免费PDF全文

F. Sillo  L. Giordano  E. Zampieri  G. Lione  S. De Cesare  P. Gonthier 《Plant pathology》2017,66(2):293-303

Gnomoniopsis castaneae is an emergent nut rot agent of chestnut in southern Europe. To elucidate its population genetics, three simple sequence repeat (SSR) and two hypervariable markers were developed and assessed through high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis on 132 isolates collected from 10 sites in Italy, France and Switzerland. High allele diversity (ranging from 0.23 to 0.40 depending on site) and number of haplotypes (49) were observed. More than 70% of the molecular variance could be accounted among isolates within sites. Multilocus analysis showed absence of linkage disequilibrium, suggesting a predominant role played by sexual reproduction and random mating. Data analyses indicated the presence of at least two putative distinct subpopulations and this was confirmed by several approaches, including analysis of shared haplotypes, multivariate and Bayesian analyses. Based on data of allelic diversity, the possibility that the pathogen could have been introduced is discussed. This work assessed the genetic variability and the sexual strategies of G. castaneae in Europe, adding useful information on the epidemiology of this fungal plant pathogen.  相似文献   

Particular Structure of Plasmopara viticola Populations Evolved Under Greek Island Conditions     

Rumbou A  Gessler C 《Phytopathology》2006,96(5):501-509

ABSTRACT Plasmopara viticola populations collected from three islands in the Ionian Sea-an arm of the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Greece-were analyzed with microsatellite molecular markers in order to investigate the pathogen population structure. Downy mildew populations from mainland regions previously studied were found to have high genotypic diversity and limited clonality; however, populations under Mediterranean island conditions mostly showed limited variation and the epidemics basically were driven by the multiple clonal infections of one or a few genotypes. Populations from different islands were differentiated from each other, whereas genetic divergence also was found among subpopulations of the same plot. Polyploid individuals and individuals that overwintered in asexual form were observed in some cases. The findings obtained by this population genetics study improve our understanding of the biology of the pathogen and lead to potential alternative control measures for the disease.  相似文献   

Determination of N-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridinyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyridineamine in soil after treatment with rimsulfuron     

Cesare Marucchini  Riccardo Luigetti 《Pest management science》1997,51(1):102-107

An analytical procedure to detect N-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridinyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyridineamine, a degradation product deriving from the hydrolysis of rimsulfuron in soil, has been developed. The analytical standard was prepared by basic hydrolysis of rimsulfuron at pH 9 and purification on a silica gel chromatographic column. The compound obtained was stable at high temperature, thus enabling determination by gas chromatographic analysis. Soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified with a SPE C18 cartridge and analysed using both nitrogen phosphorus (NPD) and mass spectrometer detectors. The analytical procedure described proved to be sensitive and reproducible. Recoveries varied from 84 to 90%. The limit of sensitivity was 0·001 mg kg^-1. © 1997 SCI.  相似文献   

Selection for fungicide resistance throughout a growing season in populations of Plasmopara viticola     

Caterina L. Matasci  Davide Gobbin  Hans-Jakob Schärer  Lucius Tamm  Cesare Gessler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(1):79-83

A method for evaluating the potential threat of selection for resistance to organically-based fungicides in populations of P. viticola is needed to screen a large panel of products alternative to copper in organic viticulture. Populations from an unexposed plot were compared throughout one season with a population sprayed with azoxystrobin (Quadris), reported as engendering selection pressure and resistance, and a population sprayed with an organically-based fungicide (Mycosan). The evolution of the three populations was followed with neutral specific SSR markers and with the specific marker for strobilurin resistance, as control of selection for resistant mutants. A reduction in genetic diversity of the P. viticola population was observed in the population sprayed with azoxystrobin, consistent with directional selection toward higher resistance, confirmed by an enhanced frequency of resistant mutants with respect to the unexposed population. In contrast, a higher diversity and a reduced frequency of resistant mutants were observed in the population sprayed with the organically-based fungicide. Assessing a reduction of genotypic diversity allows the detection of selection for resistance and constitutes a valid instrument for screening a large panel of products with non-specific, different and possibly indirect modes of action.  相似文献   

Characterization of resistance mechanisms activated by Trichoderma harzianum T39 and benzothiadiazole to downy mildew in different grapevine cultivars     

H. Banani  B. Roatti  B. Ezzahi  O. Giovannini  G. Gessler  I. Pertot  M. Perazzolli 《Plant pathology》2014,63(2):334-343

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most destructive diseases of grapevine and is controlled with intense application of chemical fungicides. Treatment with Trichoderma harzianum T39 (T39) or benzothiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid S‐methyl ester (BTH) has been previously shown to activate grapevine resistance to downy mildew and reduce disease symptoms in the Pinot noir cultivar. However, enhancement of plant resistance can be affected by several factors, including plant genotype. In order to further extend the use of resistance inducers against downy mildew, the physiological and molecular properties of T39‐ and BTH‐activated resistance in different cultivars of table and wine grapes were characterized under greenhouse conditions. T39 treatment reduced downy mildew symptoms, but the degree of efficacy differed significantly among grapevine cultivars. However, efficacy of BTH‐activated resistance was consistently high in the different cultivars. Expression profiles of defence‐related genes differed among cultivars in response to resistance inducers and to pathogen inoculation. T39 treatment enhanced the expression of defence‐related genes in the responsive cultivars, before and after P. viticola inoculation. A positive correlation between the efficacy of T39 and the expression level of defence‐related genes was found in Primitivo and Pinot noir plants, while different genes or more complex processes were probably activated in Sugraone and Negroamaro. The data reported here suggest that the use of a responsive cultivar is particularly important to maximize the efficacy of resistance inducers and new natural inducers should be explored for the less responsive cultivars.  相似文献   

Identifying key entry-points for strategic management of smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa using the dynamic farm-scale simulation model NUANCES-FARMSIM     

Mark T. van Wijk  Pablo Tittonell  Mariana C. Rufino  Mario Herrero  Cesare Pacini  Nico de Ridder  Ken E. Giller 《Agricultural Systems》2009,102(1-3):89-101

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A decision tool for evaluating the agronomic risk of exposure to fumonisins of different maize crop management systems in Italy     

Andrea Maiorano  Amedeo Reyneri  Aronne Magni  Cesare Ramponi 《Agricultural Systems》2009,102(1-3):17-23

Fumonisins constitute a group of carcinogenic metabolites produced mainly by Fusarium verticillioides, the most common fungi associated with maize grain. The limits fixed for fumonisins in maize for food and feed by the European Union (EU) could represent a serious problem for maize areas in the south of Europe where F. verticillioides encounters extremely favourable meteorological and environmental conditions for its life cycle. Prevention strategies through pre-harvest agronomic management can achieve the quality and safety standards required by EU regulations.On the basis of results from agronomic field trials conducted in the North of Italy, the first version of an agronomic decision tool has been created to help farmers, collectors and processors manage fumonisin contamination in order to respect the EU fumonisin limits and the constraints required by a given market outlet. The tool is based on the concept of agronomic exposure to fumonisin risk (AEFR), which is a qualitative evaluation of the impact that a crop management system can have on fumonisin contamination.The validation has shown the validity of the decision tool, which was able to correctly classify the crop management systems of real farms according to their agronomic exposure to fumonisin risk: increasing levels of fumonisin contamination corresponded to increasing AEFR levels.  相似文献   

Risk assessment of the occurrence of black aspergilli on grapes grown in an alpine region under a climate change scenario     

Michelangelo Storari  Giovanni A. L. Broggini  Laurent Bigler  Emanuele Cordano  Emanuele Eccel  Riccardo De Filippi  Cesare Gessler  Ilaria Pertot 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(3):631-645

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Effects of incorporated corn residues on glyphosate mineralization and sorption in soil     

Accinelli C  Koskinen WC  Seebinger JD  Vicari A  Sadowsky MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(10):4110-4117

In modern agricultural systems employing conservation tillage practices, glyphosate is widely used as a preplant burndown herbicide in a wide range of crops. Conservation tillage systems are characterized by a significant presence of crop residues at the soil surface so that glyphosate is applied to a soil matrix rich in poorly decomposed crop residues. Incorporation of corn residues in the range from 0.5 to 4% caused different effects on mineralization and sorption of [14C]glyphosate in sandy and sandy loam soils. More specifically, low levels of incorporated corn residues did not affect or slightly stimulated herbicide mineralization in the sandy and sandy loam soils, respectively. In the sandy soil, incorporation of the highest level of corn residues (4%) caused a decrease in [14C]glyphosate mineralization. [14C]Glyphosate sorption on both soil types was reduced in samples receiving high amounts of incorporated corn residues.  相似文献