A molecular framework for risk assessment of a virus-tolerant transgenic pepper line     

In Soon Pack  Yu-Jin Kim  Eun Soo Youk  Woo Kyu Lee  Won Kee Yoon  Kee Woong Park  Chang-Gi Kim  Chee Hark Harn  Hwan Mook Kim  Soon-Chun Jeong 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(2):107-115

The Cucumber mosaic virus coat protein (CMV-CP) gene-transgenic pepper lines exhibit high tolerance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains. In this study, E7, one of the CMVP0-CP transgenic chili pepper events selected by screening was further characterized. Southern blotting and inverse PCR analysis revealed that the E7 event contains a single copy of the inserted gene cassette whose flanking sequences appear to be noncoding and intergenic. We searched for pepper-specific DNA sequence candidates as an endogenous reference gene for GM-pepper detection. We found that only one copy of CaSIG4 and lipocalin genes are present in the pepper genome and their sequences were determined to be pepper-specific. The characterization of the genomic sequences flanking the transgene, as well as the availability of the pepper-specific single copy CaSIG4 and lipocalin genes as endogenous reference genes, enabled the design of E7-event-specific PCR-based quantitative detection methods. The CMV-CP protein levels in the CMV-inoculated wild-type pepper tissues were approximately 60 times higher than those in the uninoculated and CMV-inoculated E7 pepper tissues. These results suggested that the amount of CMV-CP expressed in transgenic pepper tissue was negligible relative to the amount of CMV-CP in the virus-infected wild-type pepper consumed by human beings. This work may prove useful for risk assessment studies of transgenic pepper lines. Furthermore, the characterized single copy genes, lipocalin and CaSIG4, may be used to develop a method to detect gene copy number variations in the pepper genome.  相似文献   

Equine exudative canker: an (auto-)immune disease?     

Jongbloets AM  Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM  Meeus PJ  Back W 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2005,130(4):106-109

Equine canker is a chronic, hyperplastic, exudative pododermatitis affecting one or more feet. Although many causes and treatments have been suggested, the cause of the disease is still unknown and most probably multifactorial. Local treatments include radical surgical debridement of the diseased hoof tissue and application of caustic substances, antibiotics, and pressure bandaging. Nevertheless, the number of recurrences is high (45%). This article presents a 3-year-old New Forest pony-cross mare in which all horny structures (frogs, coronets, spurs, chestnuts) of all feet were affected. Bacteriological and fungal cultures of the frogs were found negative for the pathogens tested. Papilloma virus was not found. Clinical findings raised the hypothesis that the non-specific hyperplastic inflammation of these horn-like structures might have been caused by an (auto-)immune reaction. On the basis of the clinical findings, the pony was treated with surgical debridement of the frogs of a diagonal pair of feet and oral administration of prednisolone (1 mg/kg sid). The frogs, coronets, spurs, and chestnuts of all four feet healed completely within 8 weeks, thus making an (auto-)immune reaction more likely. In conclusion, this case report raised the hypothesis that an aspecific, hyperplastic inflammation of all four feet ('equine canker') and other horny structures may be caused by an (auto-)immune reaction, and that corticosteroids (prednisolone 1 mg/kg sid per os) are effective as treatment.  相似文献   

The effect of a treatment protocol on the prognosis of equine laminitis     

Oosterlaan-Mayer B  Back W  Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2002,127(21):644-649

All horses and ponies with laminitis treated at the Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, between 1995 and 1998 were analysed retrospectively (n = 152). Based on the results of this study and on the world-wide knowledge on laminitis a standardised treatment protocol was adopted in 1999. Fifty-eight patients have been treated for laminitis between 1999 and 2001 following the treatment protocol. Compared to our hospital-population (orthopaedic patients), mares and ponies are at higher risk developing laminitis, but the prognosis does not differ between sexes as between breeds. Radiological evidence of rotation of the third phalanx seems to be of minor importance for the prognosis. Distal displacement of the third phalanx, however, seems to worsen the prognosis. The outcome of the acute cases is significantly better in the group treated following the protocol, than in the group without protocol. The outcome of the chronic cases is not influenced by the treatment protocol. Although the cases in both groups differ, as they are all clinical cases, our data suggest that the standardised treatment protocol results in a better outcome for cases of acute laminitis.  相似文献   

A tobacco plastidal transit sequence cannot override the dual targeting capacity of Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase in transgenic rice     

S. Jung  K. Back 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,86(1):49-56

The effect of a plastidal transit sequence in Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) on gene targeting ability was investigated by generating transgenic rice that overexpressed M. xanthus Protox with the additional plastidal transit sequence (TTS line). In transgenic lines TTS3 and TTS4, the Protox antibody cross-reacted with the mature M. xanthus Protox protein of 50 kDa. In an in vitro import system using the M. xanthus Protox gene with the plastidal transit sequence, M. xanthus protein was detected in both chloroplasts and mitochondria, confirming that it was targeted into both organelles, as in transgenic rice line, M4, that overexpressed M. xanthus Protox lacking the plastidal transit sequence. A prominent increase in chloroplastic and mitochondrial Protox activity was observed in TTS3 and TTS4 relative to the wild type. However, the increase was lower than that in transgenic line M4. Seeds from all transgenic lines (TTS3, TTS4, and M4) were able to germinate when treated with up to 500 μM of the Protox-inhibiting herbicide, oxyfluorfen, whereas seeds from the wild type failed to germinate even when treated at levels as low as 1 μM. After foliar application of oxyfluorfen, TTS3 and TTS4 exhibited a reduced Protox activity, however, it was much greater than uninhibited Protox activity of wild type. The great increase in conductivity was followed by the great accumulation of photodynamic protoporphyrin IX only in oxyfluorfen-treated wild-type plants, not in oxyfluorfen-treated TTS lines. The presence of the plastidal transit sequence neither excludes the intrinsic ability of subcellular translocation of M. xanthus Protox nor changes herbicide resistance in TTS lines.  相似文献   

Minimization of pathologic changes in Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in turkeys by temperature-sensitive mutant strain     

Lopes V  Back A  Halvorson DA  Nagaraja KV 《Avian diseases》2002,46(1):177-185

The protection elicited by a temperature-sensitive (Ts) mutant of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) vaccine against challenge with pathogenic strain was investigated. In Experiment 1, specific serologic response to ORT was detected in 12%-19% of Ts-vaccinated birds at 3 wk postvaccination by either drinking water or oculo-nasal instillation. At 7 days postchallenge, 100% of Ts-vaccinated turkeys of all groups were able to respond with an ORT-specific antibody response, but the control group was not, suggesting the potential of Ts strain to evoke immune protection. The study also revealed a statistically significant ability of the Ts strain to protect vaccinated turkeys against gross lesions caused by the pathogenic strain of ORT in treated groups vs. control. In Experiment 2, seroconversion was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in birds after they were given the Ts strain in drinking water in field conditions. The results of the field study showed mean scores of gross lesions of nonvaccinated/challenged groups to be up to seven times higher than those of the vaccinated/challenged group. In addition, reisolation rates and quantification of ORT colonies per gram of lung tissue were significantly lower for vaccinated/challenged than for nonvaccinated/challenged turkeys. In conclusion, results from laboratory and field experiments suggest that use of the Ts mutant strain of ORT as a live vaccine would be a suitable method to evoke protection against ORT infection in turkeys.  相似文献   

AM INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOKINETICS     

D. J. Back 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1983,11(1):5-23

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Disease complexes involving plant parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

M. A. Back  P. P. J. Haydock  P. Jenkinson† 《Plant pathology》2002,51(6):683-697

This review discusses the mechanisms underlying synergistic interactions between phytophagous nematodes and soilborne pathogens, and identifies biotic and abiotic factors affecting these interactions. Approaches towards the resolution and management of nematode–pathogen complexes are considered and discussed.  相似文献   

EX VIVO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGY VARIATIONS IN EQUINE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE          下载免费PDF全文

Stefanie Veraa  Wilhelmina Bergmann  Antoon‐Jan van den Belt  Inge Wijnberg  Willem Back 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(5):482-488

Diagnostic imaging is one of the pillars in the clinical workup of horses with clinical signs of cervical spinal disease. An improved awareness of morphologic variations in equine cervical vertebrae would be helpful for interpreting findings. The aim of this anatomic study was to describe CT variations in left–right symmetry and morphology of the cervical and cervicothoracic vertebrae in a sample of horses. Postmortem CT examinations of the cervical spine for horses without congenital growth disorders were prospectively and retrospectively recruited. A total of 78 horses (27 foals, 51 mature horses) were evaluated. Twenty‐six horses (33.3%) had homologous changes in which a transposition of the caudal part of the transverse process (caudal ventral tubercle) of C6 toward the ventral aspect of the transverse process of C7 was present (n = 10 bilateral, n = 12 unilateral left‐sided, n = 4 unilateral right‐sided). There was one horse with occipito‐atlantal malformation, two horses with rudimentary first ribs bilaterally, and one horse with bilateral transverse processes at Th1, representing homeotic (transitional) vertebral changes. Chi‐square tests identified no significant differences in the number of conformational variations between the group of mature horses with or without clinical signs (P = 0.81) or between the group of mature horses and the group of foals (P = 0.72). Findings indicated that, in this sample of horses, the most frequently identified variations were homologous variations (transposition of the caudal part of the transverse process of C6–C7) in the caudal equine cervical vertebral column. Homeotic (transitional) variations at the cervicothoracic vertebral column were less common.  相似文献   

Modifications in the potato rhizosphere during infestations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Globodera rostochiensis</Emphasis> and subsequent effects on the growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis>     

Matthew Back  Peter Jenkinson  Thomas Deliopoulos  Patrick Haydock 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(4):459-471

Two controlled environment experiments were conducted to explore the hypothesis that invasion and damage caused to potato roots by the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis might result in quantitative or qualitative changes in the release of root exudates to subsequently affect the growth of Rhizoctonia solani (AG3) in the potato rhizosphere. The growth of five R. solani isolates was compared on media amended either with root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested or uninfested potato (cv. Désirée) plants at different time intervals after the introduction of the nematodes. In Experiment 1, the growth of R. solani was higher on medium amended with potato root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested compared to uninfested plants, collected 4, 6, 8 and 12 days after the G. rostochiensis treatments were administered. Similarly, in Experiment 2, R. solani isolates grew faster on medium amended with potato root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested than uninfested plants. This trend was particularly pronounced at the 12-day collection. At this time, 49% of the G. rostochiensis juveniles in roots were found to belong to the juvenile moults J2 and J3, indicating that root exudates were modified during the earlier stages of juvenile invasion. Carbohydrate analysis of root exudates indicated significantly higher levels of sucrose in root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested than uninfested plants, whereas no significant differences were found in total nitrogen content. The results are discussed to help elucidate the mechanism behind the disease complex found between G. rostochiensis and R. solani in previous field research.  相似文献   

Cobweb disease on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agaricus bisporus</Emphasis> caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cladobotryum mycophilum</Emphasis> in Korea     

Chang-Gi Back  Young-Hwan Kim  Woo-Sik Jo  Heewon Chung  Hee-Young Jung 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(3):232-235

This report is the first of cobweb disease on Agaricus bisporus in Korea. Cobweb on both fruit bodies and casing soils were observed on several mushroom farms in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. Classical and molecular characterization indicated that the causal agent is Cladobotryum mycophilum. The isolated fungus was used to inoculate fruiting bodies of A. bisporus and caused the same symptoms.  相似文献