Relative Efficiency of Anther Culture and Chromosome Elimination Techniques for Haploid Induction in Triticale × Wheat and Triticale × Triticale Hybrids     

Aditya Pratap  Gurdeep Singh Sethi  Harinder K. Chaudhary 《Euphytica》2006,150(3):339-345

Summary The study was undertaken to evaluate the relative efficiency of anther culture and chromosome elimination (by crosses with maize) techniques of haploid induction in intergenotypic triticale and triticale × wheat hybrids. For this, 15 triticale × wheat and 8 triticale × triticale F₁ hybrids were subjected to anther culture and were also simultaneously crossed with the `Madgran Local' genotype of maize (Zea mays L.) to induce haploids through the chromosome elimination technique. The haploid embryo formation frequency through the chromosome elimination technique was significantly higher in both, triticale × wheat (20.4%) and triticale × triticale (17.0%) F₁ genotypes, as compared to the calli induction frequencies through anther culture (1.6 and 1.4%, respectively). Further, four triticale × wheat and three triticale × triticale F₁ genotypes failed to respond to anther culture, whereas, all the F₁ genotypes formed sufficient number of haploid embryos through the chromosome elimination technique with no recovery of albino plantlets. The haploid plantlet regeneration frequencies were also significantly higher through the latter technique in both triticale × wheat (42.7%) and triticale × triticale (49.4%) F₁s as compared to anther culture (8.2 and 4.0%, respectively), where the efficiency was drastically reduced by several constraints like, high genotypic specificity, low regeneration frequency and albinism. The overall success rates of obtaining doubled haploids per 100 pollinated florets/anthers cultured were also significantly higher through the chromosome elimination technique (1.1% in triticale × wheat and 1.5% in triticale × triticale hybrids), proving it to be a highly efficient and economically more viable technique of haploid induction as compared to anther culture, where the success rates were only 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to anthracnose resistance gene in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Monika Singh  K. Chaudhary  H. R. Singal  C. W. Magill  K. S. Boora 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):179-187

Anthracnose, one of the destructive foliar diseases of sorghum growing in warm humid regions, is incited by the fungus Colletotrichum graminicola.The inheritance of anthracnose resistance was studied using the parental cultivars of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, HC 136 (susceptible to anthracnose) and G 73 (anthracnose resistant). The F₁ and F₂ plants were inoculated with the local isolates of C. graminicola cultures. The F₂ plants showed a segregation ratio of 3 (susceptible): 1(resistant) indicating that the locus for resistance to anthracnose in sorghum accession G 73 segregates as a recessive trait in a cross to susceptible cultivar HC 136. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) marker OPJ 01₁₄₃₇ was identified as marker closely linked to anthracnose resistance gene in sorghum by bulked segregant analysis of HC 136 × G73 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sorghum. A total of 84 random decamer primers were used to screen polymorphism among the parental genotypes. Among these, only 24 primers were polymorphic. On bulked segregant analysis, primer OPJ 01 amplified a 1437 bp fragment only in resistant parent G 73 and resistant bulk. The marker OPJ 01₁₄₃₇ was cloned and sequenced. The sequence of RAPD marker OPJ 01₁₄₃₇ was used to generate specific markers called sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs). A pair of SCAR markers SCJ 01-1 and SCJ 01-2 was developed using Mac Vector program. SCAR amplification of resistant and susceptible parents along with their respective bulks and RILs confirmed that SCAR marker SCJ 01 is at the same loci as that of RAPD marker OPJ 01₁₄₃₇ and hence, is linked to anthracnose resistance gene. Resistant parent G 73 and resistant bulk amplified single specific band on PCR amplification using SCAR primer pairs. The RAPD marker OPJ 01₁₄₃₇ was mapped at a distance of 3.26 cM apart from the locus governing anthracnose resistance on the sorghum genetic map by the segregation analysis of the RILs. Using BLAST program, it was found that the marker showed 100 per cent alignment with the contig{_}3966 located on the longer arm of chromosome 8 of sorghum genome. Therefore, these identified RAPD and SCAR markers can be used in the resistance-breeding program of sorghum anthracnose by marker-assisted selection.An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

Inheritance of resistance to the 'Kanpur' race of Phytophthora drechsleri in pigeonpea     

I. P. Singh    R. G. Chaudhary    P. K. Katiyar  R. P. Dua  G. Robbelen 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(5):453-455

Phytophthora drechsleri causes stem blight, which is one of the most serious diseases of pigeonpea. Eight races of this fungus have been identified, but the inheritance of resistance to all these races is not clear except for race P2. This study examined the inheritance of resistance to race ‘Kanpur’ (KPR) of P. drechsleri in eight crosses involving four resistant parents, viz.‘KPBR 80‐2‐1′, ‘KPBR 80‐2‐2′, ‘Hy 3C and ‘BDN 1′, and two susceptible parents, viz.‘Bahar’ and ‘PDA 10′. The reactions of the parental lines, and their F₁, F₂ and backcross generations were studied in an infected plot. In the F₁ generation of all crosses, a susceptible reaction was observed that indicated dominance of susceptibility over resistance. The segregation pattern in F₂ indicated that two homozygous recessive genes (pdr₁pdr₁pdr₂pdr₂) were responsible for imparting resistance in the parents, ‘KPBR 80‐2‐1’ and ‘KPBR 80‐2‐2′, and that a single homozygous recessive gene (pdrpdr) was responsible for resistance in the parents ‘Hy 3C and ‘BDN 1′. Therefore, ‘KPBR 80‐2‐1’ and ‘KPBR 80‐2‐2’ with two genes for resistance are better donors because the resistance transferred from them will be more durable compared with ‘Hy3C and ‘BDN1’ with only one gene for resistance.  相似文献   

Efficient haploid induction in wheat by using pollen of Imperata cylindrica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. K. Chaudhary    G. S. Sethi    S. Singh    A. Pratap  S. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(1):96-98

Intergeneric hybridization between wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and a wild weedy species, Imperata cylindrica (2n = 20) resulted in the recovery of a high frequency of wheat haploids, which were obtained through the elimination of I. cylindrica chromosomes. Cytological analysis of the root tips revealed the somatic chromosome count of the regenerants equalled 21. Haploid regenerants were also obtained in all the crosses of wheat F1s with I. cylindrica , implying the genotype nonspecific nature of wheat x I. cylindrica hybridization. Variation among wheat F1 hybrids was observed with respect to seed formation (44.9-84.5%), embryo formation (15.1-47.7%) and regeneration (27.0-75.0%) in crosses with I. cylindrica. Comparisons based on the efficiency of I. cylindrica and maize ( Zea mays ) as pollen sources indicated that Imperata-mediated haploid production is equally efficient. There is natural coincidence of flowering period of I. cylindrica with that of wheat under sub-temperate conditions which is advantageous compared with maize, which cannot be grown during the winter season in the sub-temperate regions.  相似文献   

Resistance to Helminthosporium leaf blight and agronomic performance of spring wheat genotypes of diverse origins     

Sharma  R. C.  Duveiller  E.  Gyawali  S.  Shrestha  S. M.  Chaudhary  N. K.  Bhatta  M. R. 《Euphytica》2004,139(1):33-44

Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB), caused by a complex of Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Died, is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the warm lowlands of South Asia. Wheat cultivars grown in the area are either susceptible to HLB or possess low levels of resistance to it. A replicated field study was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at two sites in Nepal to determine the level of HLB resistance and other desirable traits in 60 wheat genotypes of diverse origin. The test genotypes were planted in main strips divided into two strips one of which was sprayed four times with Tilt (a.i. propiconazole) @ 125 g of a.i. ha^–1. Four readings of HLB were recorded to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Other traits under investigation included biomass yield (BY), grain yield (GY), 1000-kernel weight (TKW), harvest index (HI), days to heading (DH) and maturity (DM), plant height (PHT), and effective tiller number (ETN). Wheat genotypes differed significantly for all traits. Mean AUDPC values ranged from 45 to 1268. A few exotic genotypes were highly resistant to HLB. Losses in GY due to HLB ranged from 2 to 26%, and TKW was reduced by up to 33%. A few genotypes showed HLB tolerance, i.e., relatively smaller GY and TKW reductions despite high levels of HLB. In general, medium to late maturity and higher levels of HLB resistance and low to high GY and TKW characterized genotypes exotic to South Asia. Biplot analysis identified several genotypes that were HLB-resistant and agronomically superior. Results suggest it is possible to improve HLB resistance of local wheat cultivars based on selective breeding using this pool of germplasm.  相似文献   

Floral blight of gram incited by Alternaria alternata     

S. N. Vishwakarma  K. C. Basu Chaudhary 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1974,80(3):110-112

Samenvatting In de groeiseizoenen 1970–'71 en 1971–'72 werd op de proefboerderij van de Hindu Universiteit van Benares (India) een ernstige bloemaantasting waargenomen bij de grauwe Spaanse erwt (Cicer arietinum L). Hierdoor werd het aantal peulen per plant sterk gereduceerd. Op de aangetaste bloemen (Fig. 1) sporuleerde in een later stadium een schimmel die werd geïsoleerd. Inoculatie van jonge bloemknoppen met sporesuspensie van deze schimmel, die werd geïdentificeerd alsAlternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler (Fig. 2), veroorzaakte weer dezelfde symptomen.  相似文献   

Relative efficiency of the maize‐ and Imperata cylindrica‐mediated chromosome elimination approaches for induction of haploids of wheat‐rye derivatives     

N. Kishore  H. K. Chaudhary  R. K. Chahota  V. Kumar  S. P. Sood  S. Jeberson  T. Tayeng 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(2):192-194

  相似文献   

A new leaf spot of maize incited byCurvularia clavata     

A. M. Mandokhot  K. C. Basu Chaudhary 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1972,78(2):65-68

In September 1969 a leaf spot of maize Composite Jawahar, incited byC. lavata Jain, was observed at the College Farm of the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The fungus seriously damages maize leaves and considerably reduces its fodder value. The symptoms of the disease and taxonomic characters of the pathogen are being described in detail.Samenvatting Een belangwekkende bladvlekkenziekte op Composite Jawahar maïs, veroorzaakt doorCurvularia clavata Jain, werd waargenomen op de College Farm van de Banaras Hindu University te Benares in september 1969. De schimmel brengt ernstige schade toe aan maïsbladeren en vermindert aanzienlijk de waarde als voedergewas. Een beschrijving van de ziektesymptomen en van de schimmel wordt gegeven.  相似文献   

Heritability estimates of components of incubation mortality in White Leghorns     

G S Brah  J S Sandhu  M L Chaudhary 《British poultry science》1991,32(4):871-874

1. A total of 39,280 eggs obtained from two selected White Leghorn strains over 4 generations representing 290 sires were incubated. 2. The unhatched eggs were broken open for examination of embryonic developments and classified as early-dead (0-11 d), late-dead (12-22 d) and pips. 3. The sire-component heritability estimates (%) pooled over years in the two strains, respectively were 8.5 +/- 1.5 and 7.6 +/- 1.4 for total mortality; 0.5 +/- 0.5 and 6.3 +/- 1.2 for early-dead; 5.8 +/- 1.2 and 5.5 +/- 1.1 for late-dead and 5.0 +/- 1.1 and 3.1 +/- 0.9 for pips.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and dosage regimen of diminazene in crossbred calves     

Kaur G  Chaudhary RK  Srivastava AK 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2000,48(2):187-192

The pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and dosage regimen of diminazene were investigated in crossbred male calves following a single intramuscular dose (3.5 mg x kg-1). Following intramuscular administration, the pharmacokinetics of diminazene was described with a one-compartment open model. The absorption rate constant and absorption half-life were 9.86 +/- 3.06 h-1 and 0.121 +/- 0.40 h, respectively. The value of elimination half-life was 107.5 +/- 8.50 h. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.74 +/- 0.07 L x kg-1. Systemic availability following intramuscular administration was 91.7%. Approximately 65% of the administered dose of diminazene was eliminated in the urine within 24 h of its intramuscular administration. Diminazene was bound to plasma proteins to the extent of approximately 32%. The satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen of diminazene for calves would be 2.24 mg x kg-1 followed by 1.5 mg x kg-1 at 7 days.  相似文献