Biomarkers predictive of long-term fertility found in vaginal lipidome of gilts at weaning     

Kayla M Mills  Christina R Ferreira  Jebadiah G Stevens  Kara R Stewart  Theresa M Casey 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)

A marker indicative of the fertility potential of replacement gilts early in development would decrease culling rates in the sow herd, improve sow herd reproductive efficiency, and reduce production costs. The objective of this study was to determine if vaginal lipid profiles at 21 d postnatal (PN) could predict sow reproductive performance. Vaginal swabs of the anterior vagina were taken at 21 ± 4 d PN from gilts born on a commercial sow production facility for lipidomic analysis. Animals were followed prospectively for 2 yr and assigned to reproductive performance categories based on the observation of estrus or piglets weaned per sow per year (PSY) across two farrowings. Lipids were extracted from cellular material collected with swabs taken from high fertility (HF; n = 28; ≥26 PSY) and infertile (IF; n = 34; no estrus, no pregnancy) animals, and multiple reaction monitoring profiling was used for lipidome analysis. The relative abundance of arachidonic acid (C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) was lower (P < 0.05) in IF gilts than HF gilts, whereas the abundance of the free fatty acids such as cerotic (C26:0), ximenic (C26:1), and nonadecanoic (C19:0) acids was greater (P < 0.05) in IF gilts. Additionally, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5), a precursor of prostaglandins, was higher (P < 0.05) in IF gilts. The perspective of having a panel of lipids captured with vaginal swabs at weaning that can predict the reproductive efficiency of gilts shows promise and warrants future research in this area.  相似文献   

Intracapsular lensectomy and sulcus intraocular lens fixation in dogs with primary lens luxation or subluxation     

Charles M. Stuhr  Hillary K. Schilke  Christina Forte 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(6):357-360

Objective  To evaluate the postoperative results of lensectomy and sulcus intraocular lens fixation (SIOLF) via an ab interno approach in dogs with progressive lens subluxation or early luxation.
Study design  Retrospective study.
Animals studied  Twenty eyes from 19 dogs presented to the Animal Eye Clinic for lens luxation or subluxation between 1999 and 2006.
Methods  Medical records were reviewed to evaluate preoperative lens position, vision status, intraocular pressure (IOP), and whether surgery was performed on an emergent or elective nature. Lensectomy and SIOLF were performed and postoperative status including vision, glaucoma, and retinal detachment was assessed.
Results  Average age was 8.6 years (range 4–14 years) and 55% (11/20) were terriers. Patients were followed a mean of 29.2 months (range 1–92 months) after surgery. Retinal detachment or secondary glaucoma was observed in 1 of 20 (5%) and 5 of 20 (20%) eyes, respectively, with 1 of 20 (5%) exhibiting both. Mean preoperative IOP was 16 mmHg and preoperative lens position was equally divided between luxated and subluxated lenses. Surgery was performed more frequently as an elective procedure (18/20; 90%) due to normalized IOP vs. an emergency procedure (2/20; 10%). Vision was retained in 70% (14/20) of eyes with a mean time to vision loss of 41 months in the remaining eyes due to glaucoma, retinal detachment, or retinal degeneration.
Conclusions  Complications of glaucoma and retinal detachment after SIOLF in this study were less when compared with previously reported incidence rates in the literature for lensectomy alone which may reflect improved patient selection.  相似文献   

Molecular analysis of the sex chromosomes of the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus: Towards the identification of a new type of master sexual regulator in vertebrates     

ASTRID BÖHNE  Christina SCHULTHEIS  Delphine GALIANA‐ARNOUX  Alexander FROSCHAUER  Qingchun ZHOU  Cornelia SCHMIDT  Yvonne SELZ  Catherine OZOUF‐COSTAZ  Agnès DETTAI  Béatrice SEGURENS  Arnaud COULOUX  Sylvie BERNARD‐SAMAIN  Valérie BARBE  Stefan CHILMONCZYK  Frédéric BRUNET  Amandine DARRAS  Marta TOMASZKIEWICZ  Marie SEMON  Manfred SCHARTL  Jean‐Nicolas VOLFF 《Integrative zoology》2009,4(3):277-284

In contrast to mammals and birds, fish display an amazing diversity of genetic sex determination systems, with frequent changes during evolution possibly associated with the emergence of new sex chromosomes and sex‐determining genes. To better understand the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms driving this diversity, several fish models are studied in parallel. Besides the medaka (Oryzias latipes Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) for which the master sex‐determination gene has been identified, one of the most advanced models for studying sex determination is the Southern platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus, Günther 1966). Xiphophorus maculatus belongs to the Poeciliids, a family of live‐bearing freshwater fish, including platyfish, swordtails and guppies that perfectly illustrates the diversity of genetic sex‐determination mechanisms observed in teleosts. For X. maculatus, bacterial artificial chromosome contigs covering the sex‐determination region of the X and Y sex chromosomes have been constructed. Initial molecular analysis demonstrated that the sex‐determination region is very unstable and frequently undergoes duplications, deletions, inversions and other rearrangements. Eleven gene candidates linked to the master sex‐determining gene have been identified, some of them corresponding to pseudogenes. All putative genes are present on both the X and the Y chromosomes, suggesting a poor degree of differentiation and a young evolutionary age for platyfish sex chromosomes. When compared with other fish and tetrapod genomes, syntenies were detected only with autosomes. This observation supports an independent origin of sex chromosomes, not only in different vertebrate lineages but also between different fish species.  相似文献   

Shotgun proteomics of homogenate milk reveals dynamic changes in protein abundances between colostrum,transitional, and mature milk of swine     

Christina V Bradshaw  Aridany Suarez Trujillo  Sarah M Luecke  Lea D Logan  Rodrigo Mohallem  Uma K Aryal  Kara R Stewart  Theresa M Casey  Radiah C Minor 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(9)

Milk is an easily digestible source of nutrients and bioactive factors, its composition reflects the neonate’s needs, and changes from colostrum to transitional and mature milk. Our objective was to measure milk fat, lactose, total carbohydrate, and protein content in parallel with global proteome of homogenate milk samples to characterize changes across the three phases of swine lactation. Milk samples were collected from multiparous sows (n = 9) on postnatal day 0 (D0; colostrum), 3 (D3; early transitional), 7 (D7; late transitional), and 14 (D14; mature). On D3, percent fat (16 ± 2.1) and lactose (3.8 ± 0.3) were higher (P < 0.05) than on D0 (10 ± 3.9 and 1.5 ± 0.3, respectively). Levels of fat and lactose were not different between D3 and D14. Percent total protein decreased (P < 0.05) between D0 (11 ± 2.1) and D3 (5 ± 0.7), but there was no significant change in percent protein between D3 and D14. Total carbohydrates increased (P < 0.05) between D3 (944 ± 353 µg/mL) and D14 (1,150 ± 462 µg/mL). Quantitative proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of homogenate D0, D3, and D14 milk samples (n = 6) identified 772 protein groups which corresponded to 501 individual protein-coding genes. A total of 207 high confidence proteins were detected in n = 3 sows/day. Of the high confidence proteins, 81 proteins were common among all 3 days of lactation. Among the proteins that decreased between the days (false discovery rate; FDR < 0.05) were multiple apolipoproteins and XDH which decreased between D0 to D3. Proteins that increased across the days (FDR < 0.05) were complement factors and 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAQ, YWHAE). Our data provide a good characterization of milk proteome changes that likely reflect mammary function as well as the neonate’s phase-specific developmental needs. This data may be useful in developing approaches to enhance the health and welfare of swine.  相似文献   

Effect of parental genotypes on haploid embryo and plantlet formation in wheat × maize crosses     

Christina Bitsch  Sabine Gröger  Tamás Lelley 《Euphytica》1998,103(3):319-323

Genotypic influence of both male and female parents on haploid production through interspecific crosses was studied using eight wheat and four maize genotypes. The average numbers of embryos and green haploid plantlets obtained per pollinated floret were 17.6% and 10.1%, respectively. Clear genotypic influence of the wheat genotype was detected, but heterozygosity of the wheat did not affect haploid production. Analogous response to anther culture and interspecific crossing was observed, still a wheat variety which did not respond to anther culture, produced 1.1 plantlets per pollinated spike upon maize pollination. This appears to be a major advantage of interspecific crossing compared to anther culture technique in wheat. Circumstantial evidence is presented for specific wheat × maize interaction on haploid plantlet formation. Rye chromatin enhanced haploid production but only in a complete 1B/1R substitution line. Ovaries with an embryo were found to be dispersed evenly all over the wheat spike, suggesting that within certain limits the developmental stage of ovaries and thus time of pollination within a spike are not as important as it was previously assumed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Atrazine intoxication in cattle,confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry     

Abigail J. Props  Hilary J. Richards  Stephen B. Hooser  Grant N. Burcham  Christina R. Wilson-Frank 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(6):1163

Ten of 40 cows died within 48 h of gaining access to a barn in which various chemicals were stored. Some of the surviving cows exhibited drooling, muscle tremors, and agitation. Postmortem examinations of 2 cows were performed in the field, and revealed nonspecific, moderate-to-severe pulmonary congestion. Liver and rumen contents, each from a different cow, were analyzed using a qualitative, multi-residue GC-MS method validated for the detection of pesticides and other chemical analytes. Using this method, extracts from the liver and rumen content samples were compared to atrazine (neat standard) and matrix-matched, control samples fortified with atrazine. GC-MS analysis detected atrazine at 215 m/z (NIST match >97%) with a retention time of ~13 min in liver and rumen content samples from our case. Detection of atrazine in the samples from the cows in this herd, combined with the clinical history, indicate that atrazine toxicity was the likely cause of clinical signs and death observed in this herd.  相似文献   

The control of floating macrophytes by grass carp in net cages: experiments in two tropical hydroelectric reservoirs          下载免费PDF全文

Fernando D Domingues  Fernando L R M Starling  Clarice C Nova  Bruna R Loureiro  Leonardo C e Souza  Christina W C Branco 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3356-3368

The efficiency of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) for biological control of floating aquatic macrophytes in net cages was assessed in two eutrophic tropical hydroelectric reservoirs through experiments using three macrophyte species (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata). A total of twenty experiments were performed in these reservoirs with a duration period between 21 and 30 days, during distinct seasons of the year. Sets of experiments were conducted using the three macrophyte species simultaneously in both reservoirs, and additional experiments were performed in one reservoir involving the separate use of each species. All macrophytes demonstrated significant growth in the absence of fish with total per day biomass increase rate ranging from 0.06 to 17.00%. The presence of grass carp significantly reduced macrophyte biomass in both reservoirs independent of fish size, stocking rate and available cage space. In all seasons, grass carp grazing pressure was higher for S. auriculata and lower for P. stratiotes. The results show that grass carp in net cages was able to use aquatic macrophytes as the only food source, controlling massive plant growth (especially S. auriculata and E. crassipes). Fish cages, already implemented in several reservoirs in Brazil, are easily manageable units at relatively low cost. Thus, biocontrol of macrophytes using caged grass carp is proposed as an effective low‐budget ecotechnological tool to control consumable plants while avoiding the removal of desirable aquatic vegetation and the resultant impact on local fauna.  相似文献   

Defining critical habitat conditions for the conservation of three endemic and endangered cyprinids in a Mediterranean intermittent river before the onset of drought          下载免费PDF全文

Leonidas Vardakas  Eleni Kalogianni  Christina Papadaki  Theocharis Vavalidis  Angeliki Mentzafou  Drosos Koutsoubas  Nikolaos Skoulikidis Th. 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1270-1280

Nutrient availability in the initial stages of surface mine spoil reclamation — Impact on plant growth     

Doris Vetterlein  Christina Waschkies  Edwin Weber 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(3):315-321

The aim of this study was to characterise nutrient availability in the initial stages of reclamation and its impact on the growth of Secale multicaule L., the typical cover crop in newly established Pinus silvestris L. stands. A field experiment testing different levels of nutrient supply (N, P, K) was conducted on a carboniferous and a non-carboniferous sandy mine spoil representing typical mine spoils in the open-cast lignite mining district of Lower Lusatia. On both types of mine spoils, primarily N and P limited plant growth. On non-carboniferous mine spoil, low P availability to plants was alleviated by mineral fertiliser application while on carboniferous mine spoil, due to P immobilisation, P availability was still limiting plant growth after similar levels of P fertilisation. The elevated N_min content in carboniferous mine spoil compared to non-carboniferous mine spoil is probably the result of less N leaching as the dominant N form in carboniferous mine spoil is NH₄⁺ while the highly mobile NO₃^— is prevailing in the non-carboniferous mine spoil. N release from geogenic organic matter in carboniferous mine spoil as suggested by comparable N_t contents in pedogenetically formed soil organic matter is less likely.  相似文献   

REVIEW: Effects of Germination on the Nutritional Profile of Gluten‐Free Cereals and Pseudocereals: A Review     

María Botero Omary  Christina Fong  Jeffrey Rothschild  Patrick Finney 《Cereal Chemistry》2012,89(1):1-14

There are a growing number of individuals diagnosed with food allergies and intolerances. Gluten, in particular, is avoided by many individuals because of celiac disease, gluten intolerance, and gluten ataxia. Individuals with allergies, intolerances, or both follow strict diets, but there is concern that these individuals may be at risk of several nutrient deficiencies, including decreased calcium, iron, B vitamins, and fiber. To prevent deficiencies, alternative sources of these nutrients must be provided. Gluten‐free cereals and pseudocereals such as amaranth, buckwheat, corn, millet, rice, sorghum, and quinoa can be excellent sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other important nutrients. Germination of these edible seeds has been shown to further increase nutrient content and to reduce antinutrients. Their use to naturally fortify and enrich gluten‐free foods has great potential. Although there are many benefits to germinated seeds in food, more research must be done to improve texture and sensory properties to gain wider consumer acceptance. A review of germination of gluten‐free cereals and pseudocereals and its effect on their nutritional profile is presented.  相似文献