Influence of cultivar, harvest time, storage conditions, and peeling on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic and ascorbic acid contents of apples and pears     

Kevers C  Pincemail J  Tabart J  Defraigne JO  Dommes J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):6165-6171

Apple and pear fruits are important sources of secondary plant metabolites and one of the major sources of dietary phenolics consumed all year round. The aim of this work was to identify the main variables influencing phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in apples. Higher phenolic and antioxidant contents were observed in some varieties (such as the Delbar Estival apple and Durondeau pear). Storage conditions were important. Our results also showed that fruits should be consumed rapidly after purchase and with their peel. After one week of domestic storage, the ascorbic acid content was found to decrease by 75%. Peeling led to a more than 25% decrease in total phenolics and ascorbic acid. The harvest time (at normal ripeness) had only a limited impact, but significant year-to-year variations were observed. In conclusion, well-chosen and well-stored apples and pears may contribute to an antioxidant-rich diet if consumed rapidly and with their peel.  相似文献   

Clinical and immunologic assessment of sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cats     

Declue AE  Delgado C  Chang CH  Sharp CR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,238(7):890-897

  相似文献   

PropoClear 10 mg/ml emulsion for injection for cats and dogs     

Hill RJ  Williams C 《The Veterinary record》2011,168(7):194

  相似文献   

Proportion of circulating chicken heterophils and CXCLi2 expression in response to Salmonella enteritidis are affected by genetic line and immune modulating diet     

Redmond SB  Chuammitri P  Andreasen CB  Palić D  Lamont SJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(3-4):323-328

Genetic line and diet affect chicken heterophil activity and gene expression, and the combination of these factors can enhance disease resistance. This study evaluated the effects of immune modulating diets on heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and heterophil chemokine expression in distinct genetic lines. Fayoumi and Leghorn chickens were fed a basal diet or immune modulating diets enhanced with β-glucans, ascorbic acid, or corticosterone. H/L ratios and heterophil gene expression in response to in vitro stimulation with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) were evaluated on days 1, 3, 7, and 21 of diet treatment. The stress-mimicking corticosterone diet influenced H/L ratio in the Leghorn line, but not the Fayoumi line, suggesting resistance to stress-induced immunosuppression in the Fayoumi line. Leghorn line H/L ratios were increased on days 1 and 3 of corticosterone diet treatment, but not days 7 or 21. Expression of CXCLi2 by SE stimulated heterophils was higher in the Leghorn line, suggesting that Leghorns rely more heavily on inflammatory response than do Fayoumis. Corticosterone diet was associated with reduced CXCLi2 expression in heterophils from both lines. Dietary β-glucan or ascorbic acid did not affect H/L ratio or CXCLi2 expression, suggesting that benefits of these immunomodulators may not be evident in healthy birds.  相似文献   

Soil carbon mineralisation responses to alterations of microbial diversity and soil structure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sabrina Juarez  Naoise Nunan  Anne-Claire Duday  Valérie Pouteau  Claire Chenu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(7):939-948

Soil organisms are of fundamental importance for many soil functions, such as organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and energy flow. Most research suggests that soil microbial communities are functionally redundant, meaning that there is little relationship between microbial diversity and soil functions. However, the activity of biological communities is known to be affected by their physical environment. Here, the effects of changes in microbial diversity and soil structure on organic C (OC) mineralisation were investigated. Sterile soil samples that had been subjected to different physical perturbations were inoculated with microbial communities with different levels of diversity. The samples were incubated for a period of 127 days and the mineralisation of native and added (¹³C-labelled substrates, fructose and vanillin) OC was measured. It was hypothesised that the magnitude of the effect of changes in soil structure on OC mineralisation would increase as diversity decreased. The diversity treatment had a small but significant effect on the mineralisation of SOC and of the added substrates. The soil structure treatment had a significant effect only on the mineralisation of the added substrate C. There was no interaction between diversity and soil structure treatments, indicating that the relationship between diversity and OC decomposition was not dependent on the soil physical environment.  相似文献   

Mixing of propagules from discrete sources at long distance: comparing a dispersal tail to an exponential     

Etienne K Klein  Claire Lavigne  Pierre-Henri Gouyon 《BMC ecology》2006,6(1):3-12

Background  

Rare long distance dispersal events impact the demography and the genetic structure of populations. When dispersal is modelled via a dispersal kernel, one possible characterisation of long-distance dispersal is given by the shape of the tail of the kernel, i.e. its type of decay. This characteristic is known to directly act on the speed and pattern of colonization, and on the spatial structure of genetic diversity during colonization. In particular, colonization waves behave differently depending on whether the kernel decreases faster or slower than an exponential (i.e. is thin-tailed vs. fat-tailed). To interpret and extend published results on the impact of long-distance dispersal on the genetic structure of populations, we examine a classification of dispersal kernels based on the shape of their tails and formally demonstrate qualitative differences among them that can influence the predicted diversity of a propagule pool sampled far from two distinct sources.  相似文献   

Floridoside Extracted from the Red Alga Mastocarpus stellatus Is a Potent Activator of the Classical Complement Pathway          下载免费PDF全文

Anthony Courtois  Christelle Simon-Colin  Claire Boisset  Christian Berthou  Eric Deslandes  Jean Guézennec  Anne Bordron 《Marine drugs》2008,6(3):407-417

Many biological properties of algae have been found to have useful applications in human health, particularly in the fields of oncology and immunology. Floridoside, extracted from the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus, has a structure similar to the xenoantigen Gal alpha 1–3 Gal. This xenoantigen has been described to induce a high immune response in human xenografts and is mediated by natural anti-gal antibodies that activate the classical complement pathway. Based on this property, we analyzed the potential activities of floridoside on the immune system. We demonstrated that floridoside activates a complement cascade via the classical complement pathway, through the recruitment and activation of natural IgM. This algal molecule could represent an important step in the development of a potent new anticomplementary agent for use in therapeutic complement depletion.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic anatomy of reproductive female leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)          下载免费PDF全文

Claire Vergneau‐Grosset  Isabelle Masseau 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(3):333-344

Captive leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) often present to the exotic clinic for gastrointestinal impactions, follicular stasis, or dystocia. To our knowledge, normal ultrasonographic anatomy of these lizards has not been described. The objectives of this prospective, anatomic, analytical study were to develop ultrasound techniques for this species and to describe the normal sonographic anatomy of the head, coelomic cavity, and tail. Eleven, healthy, female leopard geckos were included. A linear array 13–18 MHz transducer was used. Geckos were sedated and restrained in dorsal recumbency for coelomic structure examination and in ventral recumbency for head and tail examinations. Sagittal and transverse images were acquired and authors recorded qualitative and quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics of anatomic structures. The ventral surface of the lungs, liver, gallbladder, caudal vena cava, portal vein, ventral abdominal vein, aorta, ovarian follicles, fat bodies, tail, and brain were visualized in 10 of 11 individuals. In one individual, molt precluded ultrasonographic examination. The heart, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, and pancreas were not visualized. The digestive tract was observed in 10 individuals but was too small to be measured. Findings from the current study could be used as a reference for future studies of leopard geckos.  相似文献   

Effect of growth hormone-secreting tumors on body composition and feed intake in young female Wistar-Furth rats     

R H McCusker  D R Campion 《Journal of animal science》1986,63(4):1126-1133

Growth hormone (GH) was elevated in young growing, intact female Wistar-Furth rats bearing growth hormone (GH1) or growth hormone and prolactin (GH3) secreting tumors. Animals were injected with GH1 or GH3 cells at 1 wk of age. Total feed intake was measured for the 8-wk period from weaning until killed at 11 wk of age. Animals were fed a commercial chow diet throughout the trial. Body composition and composition of the liver and tibialis anterior muscle were determined. Tumor-bearing rats were about 65% heavier than control rats at 11 wk of age: most of the difference in body weight gain was obtained during the last 4 wk of the trial. Total feed intake during the 8 wk after weaning was increased in both GH1 and GH3 tumor-bearing rats when compared with controls. Overall feed efficiency (grams feed consumed/gram body weight gain) was improved in tumor-bearing animals when compared with controls. The GH1 tumor-bearing rats were slightly hyperphagic during wk 8, 9 and 10 (grams feed consumed/gram body weight) when compared with controls. The total amount of body dry matter, protein and ash was increased in tumor-bearing rats when compared with controls. There was no effect on total body fat. Tumor-bearing rats had increased liver weight and increased fat, protein, RNA, DNA and dry matter content when compared with controls. Tumor induction increased the weight, total RNA and total fat content of the tibialis anterior muscle when compared with controls. There was no effect on muscle protein content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Effect of dietary energy source and level on serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, growth and body composition in beef heifers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K L Houseknecht  D L Boggs  D R Campion  J L Sartin  T E Kiser  G B Rampacek  H E Amos 《Journal of animal science》1988,66(11):2916-2923

Effects of fiber vs starch energy supplements on endogenous growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and animal performance from weaning to breeding age were evaluated in 18, 9-mo-old beef heifers. Heifers had ad libitum access to wheat silage plus an average daily supplement intake of 1) 4.08 kg corn-soybean meal (SBM) (high energy-starch, HS), 2) 4.54 kg soyhulls (SH)-SBM (high energy-fiber, HF) or 3) 1.36 kg SH-SBM (low energy-fiber, LE). Serum samples were collected via jugular puncture every 10 d and were analyzed for IGF-1 by RIA. On d 45 and d 176, four heifers per treatment were fasted 18 h and serial blood samples collected via jugular cannulas every 15 min for 6.5 h. Arginine (.5 g/kg BW) was administered intravenously (ARG) to induce release of GH, and four additional samples of blood were collected. Samples were analyzed by RIA for GH. Mean fasted GH (6.4 +/- .4, 8.3 +/- .4 and 13.8 +/- .4 ng/ml for HS, HF and LE, respectively) varied with energy source and level (P less than .01). Mean GH following ARG was higher (P less than .01) in heifers receiving LE (46.2 +/- 4.7) than in those receiving HS and HF (23.5 +/- 4.4 and 24.1 +/- 4.6 ng/ml). Basal GH concentration and peak amplitude were higher (P less than .05) in LE than in HS and HF treatments. Diet did not influence number or frequency of GH peaks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献