Rural participatory buffer zone management in northeastern Thailand     

Alice Sharp  Nobukazu Nakagoshi  Colin McQuistan 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(2):87-92

The past protected area management system which emphasized the ownership and control of forest by the state and overlooked the interaction between human and resources has failed because the annual rate of deforestation in Thailand is still as high as 2.6%. This paper aims to introduce a new approach to protected area management that would involve local people in the process. A case of buffer zone management through collaborative efforts is examined here. The project is located at the southeastern corner of the buffer zone of Phu Kheio Wildlife Sanctuary, Northeastern Thailand. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques including secondary data study, physical survey, participatory meeting, and semi-structured interviewing were employed in data gathering. The results discussed here suggest that there is a chance to create a better understanding among rural people of the importance of afforestation and nature conservation that will lead to a better management of resources in the future.  相似文献   

Cortisone in the Treatment of Ketosis          下载免费PDF全文

Grant L. Bowlby  Colin F. Comfort 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1953,17(2):79-82

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Factors affecting the success of an otter (Lutra lutra) reinforcement programme, as identified by post-translocation monitoring     

Piran C.L. White  Colin J. McClean 《Biological conservation》2003,112(3):363-371

Monitoring is essential to evaluate the success of translocations, but is frequently neglected. One exception has been the reinforcement of the otter (Lutra lutra) population in the Derwent and Esk catchments in North East England, UK, between 1990 and 1993. Here, we use data on otter sprainting activity collected before, during and after translocations to identify relationships with vegetation, food resources and physical river characteristics. Sprainting activity increased significantly with trout density, stream order, and surrounding cover by woodland and semi-natural grassland vegetation, and decreased significantly with stream gradient. The form of these relationships was unimodal, sprainting activity peaking at intermediate levels of environmental variables. A logistic regression model including variables relating to fish density, the physical characteristics of the river and surrounding vegetation cover was able to predict the presence or absence of otter sprainting at different survey sites with an accuracy of 92%. Fish density and the physical characteristics of the river were the most important factors in the model. Models such as this are of practical use for assessing the likely success of future otter translocations, both in North East England and other regions of the UK and Europe.  相似文献   

Calibration of pesticide leaching models: critical review and guidance for reporting     

Dubus IG  Beulke S  Brown CD 《Pest management science》2002,58(8):745-758

Calibration of pesticide leaching models may be undertaken to evaluate the ability of models to simulate experimental data, to assist in their parameterisation where values for input parameters are difficult to determine experimentally, to determine values for specific model inputs (e.g. sorption and degradation parameters) and to allow extrapolations to be carried out. Although calibration of leaching models is a critical phase in the assessment of pesticide exposure, lack of guidance means that calibration procedures default to the modeller. This may result in different calibration and extrapolation results for different individuals depending on the procedures used, and thus may influence decisions regarding the placement of crop-protection products on the market. A number of issues are discussed in this paper including data requirements and assessment of data quality, the selection of a model and parameters for performing calibration, the use of automated calibration techniques as opposed to more traditional trial-and-error approaches, difficulties in the comparison of simulated and measured data, differences in calibration procedures, and the assessment of parameter values derived by calibration. Guidelines for the reporting of calibration activities within the scope of pesticide registration are proposed.  相似文献   

Synthesis of biotin conjugates of the antifungal compound cymoxanil     

Evans KA  Kane CT  Tice CM 《Pest management science》2002,58(4):392-396

Biotin conjugates are of considerable value in investigating the mode of action of biologically active compounds. Two biotin conjugates related to the antifungal compound cymoxanil [1-(2-cyano-2-methoximinoacetyl)-3-ethyl urea] were prepared as the first step in an effort to employ display cloning to identify the compound's target site. In the first conjugate, prepared in five steps, the biotin moiety was attached at the position occupied by the ethyl group in cymoxanil. In the second conjugate, prepared in four steps, the biotin moiety was attached through the oxime functional group.  相似文献   

Britain: nuclear power industry faces critical choice on reactor     

Hawkes N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,174(4010):681-682

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Buffalo and Bali cattle—Exploiting their reproductive behaviour and physiology     

Colin McCool 《Tropical animal health and production》1992,24(3):165-172

Summary Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) occupy production niches in much of the developing world’s agricultural systems which in the developed world are occupied byBos indicus andBos taurus. Both the former species are better-adapted to these environments and systems. Both depend on population survival strategies different from each other’s and from those ofB. indicus andB. taurus. Water buffalo rely on longevity and late sexual maturity, while Bali cattle rely on high conception rates and sacrifice of juveniles when the population is under stress. Knowledge of these different strategies will help in formulation of management strategies for maximising nett reproductive rates. This paper briefly describes each species, reviews its survival strategies and summarises the available data on the reproductive characteristics of each.

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Résumé Le buffle d’eau (Bubalus bubalis) et le bovin de Bali (Bos sondaicus), occupent dans les systèmes agraires de bien des pays en voie de développement des crénaux de production qui sont l’apanage, dans les pays développés, deBos indicus etBos taurus. Les deux premières espèces sont l’une et l’autre mieux adaptées à ces environnments et à leurs systèmes agraires, mais toutes deux dépendent de stratégies de survie démographique à la fois différentes pour chacune et également de celles relatives àBos taurus etBos indicus. Pour le buffle d’eau, il s’agit de la longévité et d’une maturité sexuelle tardive alors que les taux élevés de conception et le sacrifice des jeunes sujets caractérisent le bovin balinais, lorsque la population est sous l’effet d’une pression quelconque. La connaissance de ces différentes stratégies contribuera à la formulation de règles de qestion des élevages, afin de maximiser les taux nets de reproduction. L’article décrit brièvement chaque espèce, passe en revue ses stratégies de survie et résume les données disponibles sur les caractéristiques de reproduction de chacune d’elles. Resumen El búfalo de agua (Bubalus bubalis) y el ganado Bali (Bos sondaicus), ocupan nichos productivos en los sistemas agrícolas de paises en vías de desarrollo industrial, nichos ocupados por elB. indicus y elB. taurus en países desarrollados. Ambas especies citadas al principio, están mejor adaptadas al ambiente y a los sistemas de producción. Ambos dependen de estratégias de supervivencia diferentes entre ellas y de aquellas exhibidas por elB. indicus y elB. taurus. E1 búfalo de agua, depende de longevidad y madurez sexual tardía, mientras que el ganado Bali depende de altas tasas de concepción y por ende del sacrificio de animales jóvenes cuando la población está bajo estrés. E1 conocimiento de las diferentes estratégias de supervivencia por ellos utilizadas, ayudará en la formulación de estratégias de manejo, para maximizar las tasas reproductivas netas. Este artículo describe brevemente cada especie, revisa las estratégias de supervivencia utilizadas y resume las características reproductivas de cada una de ellas.

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Growth, carcass characteristics, and lipid composition of adipose tissue and muscle of pigs fed canola   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J R Busboom  D C Rule  D Colin  T Heald  A Mazhar 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(3):1101-1108

Sixty-one finishing pigs (53.4 kg) were fed a control diet (containing soybean meal) or diets containing 20% intact canola (IC) or 20% ground canola (GC) for 8 wk. Diets were not isocaloric. Daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatment, but pigs fed GC ate less than pigs fed either IC or the control diet. Carcass measurements, obtained on 43 of the pigs, were not affected by diet. For 27 pigs, fatty acid composition of perirenal adipose tissue (PRF), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCF), and longissimus muscle (LDM) was analyzed. Nine pigs (three per treatment) were randomly selected for fatty acid composition analysis of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMF) and for cholesterol analysis of several tissues. Pigs fed canola had greater (P less than .05) proportions of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and less (P less than .05) saturated fatty acids in PRF and SCF. The differences were more pronounced for PRF than for SCF. In the LDM, pigs fed canola tended to have elevated levels of unsaturated fatty acids at the expense of the saturated fatty acids, but this effect was significant for linolenic acid only. The fatty acid composition of IMF was not affected by diet (P greater than .05). Diet did not alter the cholesterol content of the tissues, but cholesterol in IMF was higher (P less than .05) than in PRF, SCF, and LDM. In conclusion, 20% IC or GC did not alter growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs. Feeding of canola increased the degree of unsaturation of PRF and SCF, but it had less effect on IMF and LDM.  相似文献   

Action on bovine TB     

Miles T  Booty C 《The Veterinary record》2005,157(18):563

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Evaluation of gastrointestinal activity patterns in healthy horses using B mode and Doppler ultrasonography     

Mitchell CF  Malone ED  Sage AM  Niksich K 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2005,46(2):134-140

Healthy adult horses were examined by using transabdominal ultrasonography to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate activity of the jejunum, cecum, and colon with B mode and Doppler techniques. Doppler ultrasound was used to assess jejunal peristaltic activity. Examinations were performed on multiple occasions under imposed colic evaluation conditions, including fasting, nasogastric intubation, and xylazine sedation. In fasted horses, jejunal visibility was increased and jejunal, cecal, and colonic activity was decreased. The stomach was displaced ventrally and was visualized ventral to the costochondral junction. Xylazine sedation in fed horses had minimal effects; however, in fasted horses, xylazine significantly decreased jejunal and cecal activity. Nasogastric intubation in fasted horses had no observable effects on activity, but moved the stomach dorsally. B mode and Doppler jejunal activity were strongly correlated. Prior feeding and sedation status need to be considered when interpreting the results of equine abdominal ultrasound examinations. Doppler techniques may be useful for assessing jejunal activity.  相似文献