European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., Lepidoptera: Crambidae): comparing the performance of a new bisexual lure with that of synthetic sex pheromone in five countries          下载免费PDF全文

Miklós Tóth  István Szarukán  Antal Nagy  Lorenzo Furlan  Isadora Benvegnù  Magda Rak Cizej  Tamás Ábri  Tamás Kéki  Szilvia Körösi  Attila Pogonyi  Teodora Toshova  Dimitar Velchev  Daniela Atanasova  Alican Kurtulus  Bora Mehmet Kaydan  Alessio Signori 《Pest management science》2017,73(12):2504-2508

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Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for weights in Murrah buffaloes          下载免费PDF全文

Flavia Rita Ferreira  Francisco Ribeiro de Araujo Neto  Henrique Barbosa Borges  Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta‐Borquis  Naudim Alejandro Hurtado‐Lugo  Henrique Nunes de Oliveira  Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque  Humberto Tonhati 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1212-1219

This article reports genetic analysis of the weight at different ages of Murrah water buffaloes, using random regression models (RRM). Models ranging from third to sixth order polynomial were used to describe direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects. Contemporary group was included as a fixed effect, and a cubic polynomial was used to model the mean curve of the population. The residual was modeled considering a log‐linear function. Two models were selected for study of genetic parameters. The first model included third and sixth order polynomials for direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects (M36). The second model included sixth order polynomials for all random effects (M66). The estimates of heritability varied from 0.16 + 0.04 (44 days) to 0.38 + 0.04 (568 days) for model M36 and from 0.16 + 0.05 (33 days) to 0.42 + 0.05 (600 days) for model M66. Regarding estimates of the correlation for all effects, the magnitude tended to decline with the increase of the time span between measurements. These results indicate that the species has potential for genetic selection based on weight at different ages, since we found favorable genetic variability within the herd, with selection likely to be more efficient at ages near 600 days.  相似文献   

Behavior of sheep fed babassu cake (Orbygnia speciosa) as a substitution for elephant grass silage          下载免费PDF全文

Ernestina Ribeiro dos Santos Neta  Kaliandra Souza Alves  Rafael Mezzomo  Daiany Íris Gomes  Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira  Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho  Janaina Barros Luz  Natália Gomes Lacerda  Venucia de Diniella dos Santos Bourdon 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1171-1177

This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of sheep fed babassu cake as a substitution for elephant grass silage. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia ‐ UFRA), Brazil, using 45 sheep housed in individual stalls, with unlimited access to feed and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% inclusion of babassu cake) and nine replications. All of the treatments contained a roughage‐to‐concentrate ratio of 40:60. No differences were observed in the time spent feeding (P > 0.05), regardless of the source of roughage used. However, there was a reduction in the time spent in rumination (P < 0.05) and an increase in time spent idling (P < 0.05) when babassu cake was included in the diet. Although there was a reduction in the time spent chewing the ruminal bolus (P < 0.05), the total daily chewing time was the same for all animals (P > 0.05). However, the sheep fed babassu cake showed higher feeding and rumination efficiency (P < 0.05). Therefore, the substitution of elephant grass silage with babassu cake can be performed at up to 50% without compromising the total time spent eating and chewing, which allows increased feeding and rumination efficiency.  相似文献   

Anesthesia and anesthetic action mechanism of essential oils of Aloysia triphylla and Cymbopogon flexuosus in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)     

Alessandro C. dos Santos  Guerino B. Junior  Daniane C. Zago  Carla C. Zeppenfeld  Daniela T. da Silva  Berta M. Heinzmann  Bernardo Baldisserotto  Mauro A. da Cunha 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):106-113

Objectives

To document the time for anesthesia induction and recovery using different concentrations of essential oils (EOs) of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Aloysia triphylla in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), and to determine whether the mechanism of action of either EO involves the benzodiazepine (BDZ) site of the GABA_A receptor.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

A total of 144 silver catfish, length 7.5 ± 1.1 cm, weighing 3.95 ± 0.85 g.

Methods

Essential oils were evaluated at concentrations of 25, 150 and 300 μL L^?1, and also ethanol alone (seven groups, n = 6 per group). Induction of sedation or anesthesia and recovery were assessed. In a further six groups (n = 6 per group), fish were exposed to both EOs (25, 150 or 300 μL L^?1) with diazepam 150 μm, and also diazepam (10 μm) alone. Flumazenil (5 or 10 μm) was added to the recovery water of fish exposed to diazepam (150 μm) or both EOs (150 and 300 μL L^?1) (total of 10 groups = 60 fish).

Results

Both EOs induced anesthesia at concentrations of 150 and 300 μL L^?1, and sedation at 25 μL L^?1. There was no significant difference between EOs for reaching deep anesthesia; there was a significantly longer recovery time for the EO of C. flexuosus. The addition of diazepam (150 μm) resulted in faster induction of anesthesia with both EOs, with no significant change in recovery times. Flumazenil (10 μm) reversed the diazepam-induced anesthesia, but not the anesthesia induced by EOs.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The EO of C. flexuosus induced effective sedation (25 μL L^?1) and anesthesia (150 and 300 μL L^?1) without short-term mortality. The modulation of the BDZ site of the GABA_A receptor in the anesthetic action mechanism of both EOs was not demonstrated.  相似文献   

Physiological responses of Eucalyptus spp. hybrids to infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata          下载免费PDF全文

L. Pimenta  M. A. Ferreira  P. M. Ribeiro Jr  L. M. Zacaroni  R. G. Mafia  M. L. V. Resende 《Forest Pathology》2017,47(4)

In Brazil, the selection and planting of eucalyptus clones resistant to Ceratocystis fimbriata is the pre‐eminent control strategy for the wilt pathogen. However, little is known about host defence responses associated with resistance of eucalyptus to C. fimbriata infection. In this work, enzymatic activity, sugars, lignin, total phenols and phenolic compounds involved in the defence response of eucalyptus clones resistant (RC) and susceptible (SC) to the Ceratocystis wilt were evaluated. Changes were detected in the sugars produced by RC clones, with higher concentrations occurring compared with SC. A similar response occurred with lignin content at 28 days after inoculation (dai) in RC plants. SC plants had an increase in polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities at 7 dai. In contrast, RC plants demonstrated high activity of the same enzymes at 2 and 4 dai, decreasing afterwards. There was no difference in phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity between resistant and susceptible clones. Hydroxycinnamic acid concentration was higher in RC than in SC; however, there was no difference between RC and SC in flavonoid concentrations. RC had high concentrations catechin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. Histochemical tests demonstrated the presence of phenolic compounds and lignin, at higher intensities, in xylem of RC plants. Inoculation with C. fimbriata induced defence responses in both resistant and susceptible eucalyptus clones, but both the intensity and speed of the responses were higher in RC. Alterations in the concentrations of sugars and lignin, as well as certain enzymes and phenolic compounds, could be used to predict the relative susceptibilities to Ceratocystis wilt of different phenotypes of eucalyptus clones.  相似文献   

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on development,flowering, and mineral nutrition of potted Costus productus Gleason ex Maas     

Daniela Merida  Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta  Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Castro  Luis Felipe Villani Purquerio 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(7):1045-1052

Due to the lack of information on mineral nutrition of ornamental plants, especially tropical species, we aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on development, flowering, and mineral nutrition of potted Costus productus. Plants were cultivated along 1 year under protection in Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, and submitted to five treatments that corresponded to increasing nitrogen doses (0.0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6, and 4.8 g N plant^?1). Evaluated plant variables were potted development, height, dry matter of aerial part, number of inflorescences, and nutritional status. Analysis of variance and linear and polynomial regressions were performed for definition of the best adjustments according to the combination of significance and greater determination coefficient. The nitrogen fertilization positively influenced development, flowering, and mineral nutrition of potted C. productus plants, and the dose of 4.8 g N plant^?1 promoted best results  相似文献   

A Geometrical Model to Predict the Spatial Expansion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum Halepense</Emphasis> in Maize Fields     

D. Andújar  X. Rodriguez  V. Rueda-Ayala  C. San Martín  A. Ribeiro  C. Fernández-Quintanilla  J. Dorado 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2017,69(2):73-81

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Influence of drinking water salinity on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Santa Inês lambs     

Daniela P. V. Castro  Sandra M. Yamamoto  Gherman G. L. Araújo  Rafael S. B. Pinheiro  Mario A. A. Queiroz  Ítalo R. R. Albuquerque  José H. A. Moura 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(6):1095-1100

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels in drinking water on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of lamb carcass and meat. Ram lambs (n = 32) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels of salinity in the drinking water (640 mg of total dissolved solids (TDS)/L of water, 3188 mg TDS/L water, 5740 mg TDS/L water, and 8326 mg TDS/L water). After slaughter, blending, gutting, and skinning the carcass, hot and biological carcass yields were obtained. Then, the carcasses were cooled at 5 °C for 24 h, and then, the morphometric measurements and the cold carcass yield were determined and the commercial cuts made. In the Longissimus lumborum muscle color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, and chemical composition were determined. The yields of hot and cold carcass (46.10 and 44.90%), as well as losses to cooling (2.40%) were not affected (P > 0.05) by the salinity levels in the water ingested by the lambs. The meat shear force was 3.47 kg/cm² and moisture, crude protein, ether extract, and ash were 73.62, 22.77, 2.5, and 4.3%, respectively. It is possible to supply water with salinity levels of up to 8326 mg TDS/L, because it did not affect the carcass and meat characteristics of Santa Inês lambs.  相似文献   

Larvicidal effects of a chitin-binding vicilin from Erythrina velutina seeds on the mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata     

Macedo LL  Amorim TM  Uchôa AF  Oliveira AS  Ribeiro JK  de Macedo FP  Santos EA  de Sales MP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):802-808

Chitin-binding vicilin from Erythrina velutina seeds was purified by ammonium sulfate followed by affinity chromatography on a chitin column and gel filtration on Superose-6-10-300-GL. The Erythrina velutina vicilin, called EvV, is a tetrameric glycoprotein composed of 1.85% carbohydrates and M r of 216.6 kDa, consisting of two subunits of M r of 54.8 and two subunits of M r of 50.8 kDa. The EvV homogeneity was confirmed in native PAGE where it was observed to be a unique acid-protein band with slow mobility in this gel. Effect of EvV on C. capitata larvae was examined by bioassay and its mechanism of action was determined by immunodetection techniques and fluorescence localization in chitin structures that are present in C. capitata digestory system. EvV when added to diet caused strong effect on mortality (ED50 of 0.14%) and larval mass (WD50 of 0.12%). These deleterious effects were associated to the binding to chitin structures present in peritrophic membrane and to gut epithelial cells, and its low digestibility in C. capitata digestive tract. These results are the first demonstration of a proteinaceous bioinsecticide from plant origin effective against C. capitata larvae. EvV may be part of the pest management programs or an alternative in plant improvement program.  相似文献   

DNA damage after acute and chronic treatment with malathion in rats     

Réus GZ  Valvassori SS  Nuernberg H  Comim CM  Stringari RB  Padilha PT  Leffa DD  Tavares P  Dagostim G  Paula MM  Andrade VM  Quevedo J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7560-7565

Malathion is an insecticide widely used in agriculture and in public health programs that when used indiscriminately in large amounts can cause environmental pollution and risk to human health. However, it is possible that during the metabolism of malathion, reactive oxygen species can be generated, and malathion may produce oxidative stress in intoxicated rats that can be responsible for alterations in DNA molecules related in some studies. As a result, the present study aimed to investigate the DNA damage of cerebral tissue and peripheral blood in rats after acute and chronic malathion exposure. We used single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) to measure early damage in hippocampus and peripheral blood and the Micronucleus test in total erythrocytes samples. Malathion was administered intraperitoneally once a day for one day (acute) or for 28 days (chronic) protocols (in both protocols, malathion was administered at 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). Our results showed that malathion (100 and 150 mg/kg) increased the DNA damage index in the peripheral blood and in the hippocampus after both chronic and acute treatment. Malathion increased the frequency of micronuclei only in chronic treatment at 150 mg/kg dose, and induced a cytotoxic dose-dependent decrease in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of rats. In conclusion, since malathion increased both the peripheral blood and hippocampus DNA damage index using the Comet assay and increased the frequency of micronuclei in the total peripheral blood, it can be regarded as a potential mutagen/carcinogenic agent.  相似文献