Detecting maize inoculated with toxigenic and atoxigenic fungal strains with fluorescence hyperspectral imagery     

Haibo Yao  Zuzana Hruska  Russell Kincaid  Robert L. Brown  Deepak Bhatnagar  Thomas E. Cleveland 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,115(2):125-135

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Effect of varying closes of organic and inorganic fertilizers on plankton production and fish biomass in brackish water fish ponds     

S K Garg  A Bhatnagar 《Aquaculture Research》1996,27(3):157-166

The effects of four different doses of organic (cowdung) and inorganic fertilizers (single super phosphate: SSP) in combination were studied on plankton production, species diversity and fish biomass in saline and freshwater fish ponds. Physico-chemical factors of pond waters were also monitored. Alkalinity and nutrients increased with increase in the dose of fertilizers. Dissolved oxygen (DO) also remained sufficiently high up to the third treatment; however, levels declined significantly in the ponds receiving the fourth treatment (20 000 kg ha^-1 year^-1 of cowdung and 3000 kg ha^-1 year^-1 of SSP). The highest plankton population, species diversity and higher fish biomass was also observed in ponds which received the third dose of fertilizers (10 000 kg ha^-1 year^-1 of cowdung and 1500 kg ha^-1 year^-1 of SSP). However, a decline in these parameters was observed in ponds which received the highest (fourth treatment) dose of fertilizers. Nutrients remained slightly lower in brackish-water fish ponds. When species diversity values were compared, it was observed that, although values werte higher in freshwater ponds, their abundance (no. 1¹) remained lower than in brackish-water fish ponds. Similarly, fish biomass also remained significantly higher in brackish-water ponds than in freshwater ponds. From these studies, it can be concluded that a combination of 10 000 kg of cowdung + 1500 kg ha^-1 year^-1 of SSP appears to be the optimum dose.  相似文献   

Captive breeding of climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) with Wova-FH for conservation and aquaculture     

Uttam Kumar Sarkar  Prashant Kumar Deepak  Dhurendra Kapoor  Raje Singh Negi  Samir Kumar Paul  & Sreeprakash Singh 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(10):941-945

Induced breeding of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus was conducted by synthetic hormone Wova‐FH in the intensity level of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mL kg^?1 of body weight respectively. The brooders were injected one time and left to spawn in the spawning hapa in the sex ratio between male and female as 2:1. It was found that at all the intensity level hormone Wova‐FH could enhance the fishes to breed and lay eggs whereas no breeding was observed in control set. The spawning time, quantity of the brooder spawn, fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate were quantified in each set of experiment. The egg output/female was significantly higher in 0.3 mL in comparison with 0.1 and 0.2 mL kg^?1 of body weight. The statistical analysis showed significant (P≤0.05) effect between hormone dose on fertilization rate, egg output and hatching rate. The present experiment suggests that Wova‐FH at the dose of 0.3 mL kg^?1 body weight of fish is more effective which might be considered for raising captive population.  相似文献   

Performance of different types of diets on experimental larval rearing of endangered Chitala chitala (Hamilton) in recirculatory system     

U.K. Sarkar  W.S. Lakra  P.K. Deepak  R.S. Negi  S.K. Paul  A. Srivastava 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):141-150

This is the first report on the successful larval rearing of captive bred population of Chitala chitala (Hamilton). C. chitala is one of the endangered fresh water fish species in India for which the development of controlled larval rearing procedures are needed for stock enhancement. Fifteen days old post-hatchlings were stocked for 28 d in a 30 L recirculatory tanks using eight different diets i.e. live feed (tubifex worms, chironomous larvae, zooplanktons,), dry feed (dry tubifex, spirulina, daphnia) and other non-conventional feed (fish eggs and boiled egg-yolk). Fishes accepted all types of diets. The study revealed that specific growth rate (SGR) was higher in post-hatchlings fed on live tubifex worms (2.40 ± 0.72) followed by fish eggs (2.15 ± 0.71), dry tubifex (2.12 ± 0.40), chironomous larvae (1.91 ± 0.44), spirulina (1.79 ± 0.38), daphnia (1.42 ± 0.79) and planktons (1.37 ± 0.77) whereas minimum SGR was recorded with boiled egg-yolk (0.63 ± 0.5). A highly significant difference (p < 0.01) in SGR was observed in fish fed on live feed (tubifex worms, chironomous larvae, planktons, spirulina), dry tubifex and fish eggs whereas for daphnia and boiled egg-yolk it was only significant (p < 0.05). The final mean weight and weight gain showed highly significant difference (p < 0.01) in live tubifex, zooplanktons, spirulina, chironomous larvae, dry tubifex and fish eggs, whereas daphnia and boiled egg-yolk fed larvae showed significant difference (p < 0.05). Highest mean survival rate on day 28 was observed in live tubifex worms (94%) and chironomous larvae (92%). The post-hatchlings reared with spirulina and daphnia showed same survival rate of 88% whereas the lowest mean survival of 66% was recorded in boiled egg-yolk. The experiments showed that captive bred post-hatchlings of C.chitala could be reared in experimental recirculatory system for attaining higher growth and survival during early life stages. However, methods to improve the larval rearing have to be improved further for commercial farming of the species.  相似文献   

Structural characteristics of corn starches extruded with soy protein isolate or wheat gluten   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ghorpade  V.M.  Bhatnagar  S.  Hanna  M.A. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,51(2):109-124

Commercially available corn starches containing 0, 25, 50 and 70% amylose were extruded with 10, 20 and 30% soy protein isolate (SPI) or wheat gluten (WG) at 22% moisture content (dry basis) in a C.W. Brabender single screw laboratory extruder using a 140°C barrel temperature and a 140 rpm screw speed. True, solid and bulk densities; percent total, closed and open pores; and shear strengths of the extrudates were determined. The microstructures of the extrudates were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The total pores of the extrudates were affected significantly (p < F=0.0001) by type of protein (SPI or WG) and starch amylose. The open or closed pores, were affected by protein type only. The interaction between amylose and protein contents was highly significant <(p < F=0.0001). In general, the total pores and bulk densities were higher for WG-starch extrudates compared to SPI-starch extrudates. These values decreased as amylose content increased from 0 to 25% and then increased thereafter. The open pores, on the other hand, increased with increasing protein content from 10 to 20% and then decreased. Extrudates containing WG had higher shear strengths than those containing SPI.  相似文献   

Marine antitumor drugs: status, shortfalls and strategies     

Bhatnagar I  Kim SK 《Marine drugs》2010,8(10):2702-2720

Cancer is considered as one of the deadliest diseases in the medical field. Apart from the preventive therapies, it is important to find a curative measure which holds no loopholes and acts accurately and precisely to curb cancer. Over the past few decades, there have been advances in this field and there are many antitumor compounds available on the market, which are of natural as well as synthetic origin. Marine chemotherapy is well recognized nowadays and profound development has been achieved by researchers to deal with different molecular pathways of tumors. However, the marine environment has been less explored for the production of safe and novel antitumor compounds. The reason is a number of shortfalls in this field. Though ample reviews cover the importance and applications of various anticancerous compounds from marine natural products, in the present review, we have tried to bring the current status of antitumor research based on marine inhibitors of cancer signaling pathways. In addition, focus has been placed on the shortfalls and probable strategies in the arena of marine antitumor drug discovery.  相似文献   

Reproductive and developmental toxicity evaluation of a purified Arabinogalactan-Protein (AGP) composition in Wistar rats     

Salim Tamboli  Sudershan AroraUpendra Bhatnagar  Gururaj VishwaseMinakshi Singh 《Fitoterapia》2010

A purified Arabinogalactan-Protein composition (LL-4218) was prepared from the leaves of Argemone mexicana to treat psoriasis. The effect of (LL-4218) was evaluated on reproductive (male and female fertility) and developmental toxicity in rats. LL-4218 was administered orally at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg^− 1. The results showed that LL-4218 did not produce any significant dose related changes in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. Therefore, it is concluded that LL-4218 did not produce any significant toxic effect on reproduction and developmental parameters of rats and NOAEL for reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in rats was 1000 mg kg^− 1.  相似文献   

Chemical Hand Warmer Packet Ingestion: A Case of Elemental Iron Exposure     

Jessica L. Weiland  Leighanne K. Sherrow  Deepak A. Jayant  Kenneth D. Katz 《The Forestry Chronicle》2017,28(3):246-248

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United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on pre-harvest prevention of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in US crops     

Cleveland TE  Dowd PF  Desjardins AE  Bhatnagar D  Cotty PJ 《Pest management science》2003,59(6-7):629-642

Mycotoxins (ie toxins produced by molds) are fungal metabolites that can contaminate foods and feeds and cause toxic effects in higher organisms that consume the contaminated commodities. Therefore, mycotoxin contamination of foods and feeds results is a serious food safety issue and affects the competitiveness of US agriculture in both domestic and export markets. This article highlights research accomplished by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) laboratories on control of pre-harvest toxin contamination by using biocontrol, host-plant resistance enhancement and integrated management systems. Emphasis is placed on the most economically relevant mycotoxins, namely aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, Link, trichothecenes produced by various Fusarium spp and fumonisins produced by F verticillioides. Significant inroads have been made in establishing various control strategies such as development of atoxigenic biocontrol fungi that can outcompete their closely related, toxigenic cousins in field environments, thus reducing levels of mycotoxins in the crops. Potential biochemical and genetic resistance markers have been identified in crops, particularly in corn, which are being utilized as selectable markers in breeding for resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Prototypes of genetically engineered crops have been developed which: (1) contain genes for resistance to the phytotoxic effects of certain trichothecenes, thereby helping reduce fungal virulence, or (2) contain genes encoding fungal growth inhibitors for reducing fungal infection. Gene clusters housing the genes governing formation of trichothecenes, fumonisins and aflatoxins have been elucidated and are being targeted in strategies to interrupt the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins. Ultimately, a combination of strategies using biocompetitive fungi and enhancement of host-plant resistance may be needed to adequately prevent mycotoxin contamination in the field. To achieve this, plants may be developed that resist fungal infection and/or reduce the toxic effects of the mycotoxins themselves, or interrupt mycotoxin biosynthesis. This research effort could potentially save affected agricultural industries hundreds of millions of dollars during years of serious mycotoxin outbreaks.  相似文献   

Histology and Comparative Organology          下载免费PDF全文

M. K. Bhatnagar 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1974,38(4):416

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