Ocular echobiometry and head measurements in Jersey cattle from different age groups     

Carla Amorim Neves  Isabela Plazza Bittar  Leandro Arévalo Prieto  Luiz Antônio Franco da Silva  Emmanuel Arnhold  Aline Maria Vasconcelos Lima  Naida Cristina Borges 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(2):333-344

A longitudinal study was conducted to identify the morphological development of eyes and head of Jersey cattle at different ages. A total of 48 healthy Jersey cattle, 1 to 58 months of age, were included in the study. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed to identify healthy cattle to form the age groups: GI (1- to 11-month-old), GII (16- to 24-month-old) and GIII (25- to 58-month-old). The animals were physically restrained and examined by transcorneal ultrasound of both eyes; the axial length (AxL), corneal thickness (CO), lenticular thickness (L), depth of the anterior (AC) and vitreous (VC) chambers were evaluated. The cranial measurements obtained included the total, cranial, and nasal lengths and widths. Subsequently, the cephalic index (CI) was calculated. The AxL (GI: 2.83 cm; GII: 3.16 cm; GIII: 3.24 cm), AC (GI: 0.44 cm; GII: 0.53 cm; GIII: 0.53 cm), L (GI: 0.88 cm; GII: 1.01 cm; GIII: 1.04 cm) and VC (GI: 1.44 cm; GII: 1.55 cm; GIII: 1.59 cm) increased (p ≤ .001) according to age, but the CO (GI: 0.07 cm; GII: 0.08 cm; GIII: 0.08 cm) (p > .05) did not. The total length (GI: 30.83 cm; GII: 43.29 cm; GIII: 44.15 cm), cranial length (GI: 18.11 cm; GII: 23.82 cm; GIII: 22.69 cm), nasal length (GI: 12.72 cm; GII: 19.47 cm; GIII: 21.46 cm) and nasal width (GI: 26.22 cm; GII: 33.82 cm; GIII: 34.00 cm) increased (p < .001), and the CI (GI: 85.66 cm; GII: 78.15 cm; GIII: 77.02 cm) decreased (p < .001). The AxL correlated positively (p < .001) with the cranial length and width and negatively with the CI (p > .05). The ocular biometry of Jersey cattle correlates with their cranial measurements at different ages. With increasing age, the eyes and the head grow, establishing growth curves similar to those of other mammals.  相似文献   

Comparison of embryonated chicken eggs with MDCK cell culture for the isolation of swine influenza virus   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

Alfonso Clavijo  Dina B. Tresnan  Rika Jolie    En-Min Zhou 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(2):117-121

Embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line were compared for isolation of swine influenza virus (SIV) from nasal swabs and tissue samples. Samples originated from 30 pigs experimentally inoculated with 2 × 10⁶ to 2 × 10⁷ embryo infectious dose 50% (EID₅₀)/mL of swine influenza strain A/Swine/Indiana/1726/88 (H1N1). The results were analyzed with McNemar's chi-squared test for symmetry. The results indicated that more samples were SIV-positive with ECE than with tissue culture (P ≤ 0.001), suggesting that ECE remains the system of choice for isolation of SIV. It is recommend that routine use of both SIV isolation systems will increase the sensitivity of detection of virus shedding by considering the differences in growth and tropism of diverse SIV strains.  相似文献   

Design logic of a cannabinoid receptor signaling network that triggers neurite outgrowth     

Bromberg KD  Ma'ayan A  Neves SR  Iyengar R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5878):903-909

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Regulation of MAPK function by direct interaction with the mating-specific Galpha in yeast     

Metodiev MV  Matheos D  Rose MD  Stone DE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5572):1483-1486

The mating response of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by a prototypical heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Although signal transmission by such pathways has been modeled in detail, postreceptor down-regulation is less well understood. The pheromone-responsive G protein alpha subunit (Galpha) of yeast down-regulates the mating signal, but its targets are unknown. We have found that Galpha binds directly to the mating-specific MAPK in yeast cells responding to pheromone. This interaction contributes both to modulation of the mating signal and to the chemotropic response, and it demonstrates direct communication between the top and bottom of a Galpha-MAPK pathway.  相似文献   

Epidemiology,histopathology and aetiology of olive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides in Portugal     

C. Mota‐Capitão  A. P. Ramos  J. Neves‐Martins  L. Guerra‐Guimarães  V. Várzea  M. C. Silva  S. Sreenivasaprasad  H. Oliveira 《Plant pathology》2011,60(3):483-495

Anthracnose is an important disease affecting mature olive fruits, causing significant yield losses, and poor fruit and oil quality. In Portugal, high anthracnose incidence was recorded during 2003–2007 with 41% of 908 orchards surveyed displaying disease symptoms. In another 14% of the orchards, the pathogen was recorded in symptomless plants. Disease severity was on average 36%, frequently reaching 100%. In Portugal, anthracnose is endemic to neglected orchards of susceptible cultivars, but under favourable conditions it can also severely affect less susceptible cultivars. Pathogens were genetically heterogeneous, with Colletotrichum acutatum genetic group A2 as the most frequent (80%), followed by group A4 (12%) and group A5 along with C. gloeosporioides (3–4%), while groups A3 and A6 of C. acutatum were sporadic. Important geographic variations were observed in the frequencies of these populations, accompanied by year‐to‐year populational shifts. Epidemiology and histopathology studies showed the presence of the pathogens on vegetative organs year‐round, particularly on olive leaves and branches, and on weeds. These represent inoculum reservoirs where secondary conidiation occurs, and conidia are then dispersed by spring rains reaching flowers and young fruits or by autumn rains reaching pre‐mature fruits. Unripe fruits were colonized without showing symptoms up to penetration of the cuticle, but further colonization and symptom production was completed only as fruits matured. These findings challenge current control practices, particularly the timing of fungicide treatment, and contribute to improved disease management.  相似文献   

Characterization of genes <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rpp2</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rpp4</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rpp5</Emphasis> for resistance to soybean rust     

Noelle Giacomini Lemos  Alessandro de Lucca e Braccini  Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor  Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira  Kazuhiro Suenaga  Naoki Yamanaka 《Euphytica》2011,182(1):53-64

Asian rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most severe disease currently threatening soybean crops in Brazil. The development of resistant cultivars is a top priority. Genetic characterization of resistance genes is important for estimating the improvement when these genes are introduced into soybean plants and for planning breeding strategies against this disease. Here, we infected an F₂ population of 140 plants derived from a cross between ‘An-76’, a line carrying two resistance genes (Rpp2 and Rpp4), and ‘Kinoshita’, a cultivar carrying Rpp5, with a Brazilian rust population. We scored six characters of rust resistance (lesion color [LC], frequency of lesions having uredinia [%LU], number of uredinia per lesion [NoU], frequency of open uredinia [%OU], sporulation level [SL], and incubation period [IP]) to identify the genetic contributions of the three genes to these characters. Furthermore, we selected genotypes carrying these three loci in homozygosis by marker-assisted selection and evaluated their genetic effect in comparison with their ancestors, An-76, PI230970, PI459025, Kinoshita and BRS184. All three genes contributed to the phenotypes of these characters in F₂ population and when pyramided, they significantly contributed to increase the resistance in comparison to their ancestors. Rpp2, previously reported as being defeated by the same rust population, showed a large contribution to resistance, and its resistance allele seemed to be recessive. Rpp5 had the largest contribution among the three genes, especially to SL and NoU. Only Rpp5 showed a significant contribution to LC. No QTLs for IP were detected in the regions of the three genes. We consider that these genes could contribute differently to resistance to soybean rust, and that genetic background plays an important role in Rpp2 activity. All three loci together worked additively to increase resistance when they were pyramided in a single genotype indicating that the pyramiding strategy is one good breeding strategy to increase soybean rust resistance.  相似文献   

Evolution of phenolic composition of red wine during vinification and storage and its contribution to wine sensory properties and antioxidant activity     

Sun B  Neves AC  Fernandes TA  Fernandes AL  Mateus N  De Freitas V  Leandro C  Spranger MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6550-6557

The objective of this work was to study the evolution of the phenolic composition of red wine during vinification and storage and its relationship with some sensory properties (astringency and bitterness) and antioxidant activities. Thus, red wine was made by a classic vinification method with Castela?o and Tinta Miu?da grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) harvested at maturity (3:2; w/w). Samples were taken at 2 and 7 days of maceration, at second racking, at the time of bottling and at 6 and 14 months after bottling. The total polyphenols extract (TPx) in each sample was isolated by column chromatography. The phenolic composition (anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins), in vitro antioxidant activity, and sensory property (astringency, bitterness) of the isolated TPx from different winemaking stages were evaluated through high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl radical test, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, total phenolic index, MWI (polyphenol molecular weight index), TSA (tannin specific activity), and sensory panel tasting. The results showed that the phenolic composition of red wine varied significantly during winemaking. The intensity of astringency (IA) and the intensity bitterness (IB) of the isolated TPx from different winemaking stages increased from 2 days of maceration until second racking and then decreased. Furthermore, MWI and TSA are positively correlated with IA and IB. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the isolated TPx from different winemaking stages maintained unchanged after alcoholic fermentation, which was independent of the variation of phenolic composition and sensory properties.  相似文献   

Luzia is not alone     

Neves W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5455):974-975

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Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex     

Fonseca DM  Keyghobadi N  Malcolm CA  Mehmet C  Schaffner F  Mogi M  Fleischer RC  Wilkerson RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5663):1535-1538

In the Old World, some mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex are excellent enzootic vectors of West Nile virus, circulating the virus among birds, whereas others bite mainly humans and other mammals. Here we show that, in northern Europe, such forms differing in behavior and physiology have unique microsatellite fingerprints with no evidence of gene flow between them, as would be expected from distinct species. In the United States, however, hybrids between these forms are ubiquitous. Such hybrids between human-biters and bird-biters may be the bridge vectors contributing to the unprecedented severity and range of the West Nile virus epidemic in North America.  相似文献   

G protein pathways   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Neves SR  Ram PT  Iyengar R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5573):1636-1639

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