CTD tyrosine phosphorylation impairs termination factor recruitment to RNA polymerase II     

Mayer A  Heidemann M  Lidschreiber M  Schreieck A  Sun M  Hintermair C  Kremmer E  Eick D  Cramer P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6089):1723-1725

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Novel high‐throughput RNAi vectors for plant biotechnology     

Nadja Schmidt  Matthias Merker  Dirk Becker 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(3):453-456

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Peri-parturient rise of Cryptosporidium oocysts in cows: New insights provided by duplex quantitative real-time PCR     

De Waele V  Berzano M  Speybroeck N  Berkvens D  Mulcahy GM  Murphy TM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(2-4):366-368

In order to clarify if a peri-parturient rise of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts occurs in cows, faecal samples from 42 cows on two farms were collected. These samples were taken during the pre-parturient, the peri-parturient and the post-parturient periods. Two methods were used to detect the oocysts, a nested-PCR coupled with sequencing and a duplex real-time PCR (qPCR) that quantified Cryptosporidium spp. DNA concentration. The qPCR results were adjusted using a hierarchical Bayesian model taking into account within and between run variation. Generalised Estimating Equation models (GEE) were used to determine if peri-parturient cows were at greater risk of being infected than pre- or post-parturient cows. Fourteen dairy cows exhibited a peri-parturient and post-parturient rise in the excretion of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, other than the zoonotic C. parvum. The cows in the suckler beef farm were the only ones infected with the zoonotic species C. parvum at calving. Due to the low concentration of oocysts excreted mainly from species other than C. parvum, it would appear unlikely that cows act as a source of infection for their calves or contribute significantly to environmental contamination.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and characterization of Toll-like receptors 1-10 in sheep     

Jung-Su Chang  George C. Russell  Oliver Jann  Elizabeth J. Glass  Dirk Werling  David M. Haig 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,127(1-2):94-105

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Risk factors and characteristics of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) post-vaccination outbreaks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joerg Henning  Dirk U. Pfeiffer    Le Tri Vu 《Veterinary research》2009,40(3)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 is now endemic in South-East Asia but HPAI control methods differ between countries. A widespread HPAI vaccination campaign that started at the end of 2005 in Viet Nam resulted in the cessation of poultry and human cases, but in 2006/2007 severe HPAI outbreaks re-emerged. In this study we investigated the pattern of this first post-vaccination epidemic in southern Viet Nam identifying a spatio-temporal cluster of outbreak occurrence and estimating spatially smoothed incidence rates of HPAI. Spatial risk factors associated with HPAI occurrence were identified. Medium-level poultry density resulted in an increased outbreak risk (Odds ratio (OR) = 5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–18.9) but also climate-vegetation factors played an important role: medium-level normalised difference vegetation indices during the rainy season from May to October were associated with higher risk of HPAI outbreaks (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.7–8.1), probably because temporal flooding might have provided suitable conditions for the re-emergence of HPAI by expanding the virus distribution in the environment and by enlarging areas of possible contacts between domestic waterfowl and wild birds. On the other hand, several agricultural production factors, such as sweet potatoes yield, increased buffalo density, as well as increased electricity supply were associated with decreased risk of HPAI outbreaks. This illustrates that preventive control measures for HPAI should include a promotion of low-risk agricultural management practices as well as improvement of the infrastructure in village households. Improved HPAI vaccination efforts and coverage should focus on medium poultry density areas and on the pre-monsoon time period.  相似文献   

Acute pasteurellosis in fallow deer, cattle and pigs in a region of Eastern Germany     

Soike D  Schulze C  Kutzer P  Ewert B  van der Grinten E  Schliephake A  Ewers C  Bethe A  Rau J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(3-4):122-128

Hemorrhagic septicaemia, an acute disease caused by P multocida capsular type B which is rarely detected in Europe, caused considerable losses in fallow deer, cattle and pigs within a region along the border of the federal states Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt in the summer of 2010. Clinical appearances and diagnostic findings are presented and possible triggering influences discussed. Pasteurella multocida capsular type B has not been cultivated from clinically healthy cattle and pigs of the region. Examination of fallow deer and roe deer in the region revealed the presence of singular carriers, which may act as a source of clinical infections.  相似文献   

Examination of resistance to clubroot in accessions of Brassica oleracea using a glasshouse seedling test     

Roeland E. Voorrips  Dirk L. Visser 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(5-6):269-276

A glasshouse test was elaborated for assessing large numbers of seedlings ofBrassica oleracea for resistance to clubroot, a disease caused by the fungusPlasmodiophora brassicae. The method offers good control of inoculum density per plant, and requires 6–7 weeks from sowing. The results from the glasshouse test correlated well with field test results. With this method, 71 accessions ofB. oleracea reported to carry resistance to clubroot, and one susceptible control cultivar were tested with a Dutch clubroot isolate. High levels of resistance were found in several accessions of cabbage, broccoli and curly kale. F₁-populations of resistant cabbage or curly kale × susceptible cabbage were fully susceptible, indicating recessive inheritance of resistance in all cases.  相似文献   

Autochthonous canine babesiosis in The Netherlands     

Matjila TP  Nijhof AM  Taoufik A  Houwers D  Teske E  Penzhorn BL  de Lange T  Jongejan F 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,131(1-2):23-29

Outbreaks of autochthonous babesiosis, caused by Babesia canis, occurred in The Netherlands in the spring and autumn of 2004 affecting 23 dogs. Nineteen animals recovered after treatment, whereas four dogs died. Adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from these dogs indicate that canine babesiosis could become endemic in The Netherlands.  相似文献   

Present status of equine cloning and clinical characterization of embryonic, fetal, and neonatal development of three cloned mules     

Vanderwall DK  Woods GL  Sellon DC  Tester DF  Schlafer DH  White KL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(11):1694-1699

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TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

Werling D  Jungi TW 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,91(1):1-12

Invading pathogens are controlled by the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Adaptive immunity, which is mediated by B and T lymphocytes, recognises pathogens by rearranged high affinity receptors. However, the establishment of adaptive immunity is often not rapid enough to eradicate microorganisms as it involves cell proliferation, gene activation and protein synthesis. More rapid defense mechanisms are provided by innate immunity, which recognises invading pathogens by germ-line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRR). Recent evidence shows that this recognition can mainly be attributed to the family of TOLL-like receptors (TLR). Binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) to TLR induces the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates (ROI and RNI), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and up-regulates expression of co-stimulatory molecules, subsequently initiating the adaptive immunity. In this review, we will summarize the discovery and the critical roles of the TLR family in host defense, briefly allude to signaling mechanisms mediating the response to TLR ligands, and will provide an update on current knowledge regarding the ligand specificity of these receptors and their role in immunity of domestic animals, particularly cattle.  相似文献