The ivory-bill returns     

Kennedy D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5727):1377

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Drug discovery     

Kennedy D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5665):1729

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Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis     

Chipuk JE  Kuwana T  Bouchier-Hayes L  Droin NM  Newmeyer DD  Schuler M  Green DR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5660):1010-1014

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Ephedra-free is not danger-free     

Marcus DM  Grollman AP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5640):1669-71; author reply 1669-71

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Whither or wither microbicides?     

Grant RM  Hamer D  Hope T  Johnston R  Lange J  Lederman MM  Lieberman J  Miller CJ  Moore JP  Mosier DE  Richman DD  Schooley RT  Springer MS  Veazey RS  Wainberg MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5888):532-534

After disappointing results from all efficacy trials conducted to date, the field of microbicides research now faces substantial challenges. Poor coordination among interested parties and the choice of nonvalidated scientific targets for phase III studies have hampered progress and created mistrust about the use of microbicides as a method to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission. Although new promising strategies are available, there will need to be serious reappraisals of how decisions are made to advance the next generations of candidates into clinical trials, and the use of appropriate animal models in this process will be critical.  相似文献   

An epidemic of politics     

Kennedy D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5607):625

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Pattern-oriented modeling of agent-based complex systems: lessons from ecology   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Grimm V  Revilla E  Berger U  Jeltsch F  Mooij WM  Railsback SF  Thulke HH  Weiner J  Wiegand T  DeAngelis DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5750):987-991

Agent-based complex systems are dynamic networks of many interacting agents; examples include ecosystems, financial markets, and cities. The search for general principles underlying the internal organization of such systems often uses bottom-up simulation models such as cellular automata and agent-based models. No general framework for designing, testing, and analyzing bottom-up models has yet been established, but recent advances in ecological modeling have come together in a general strategy we call pattern-oriented modeling. This strategy provides a unifying framework for decoding the internal organization of agent-based complex systems and may lead toward unifying algorithmic theories of the relation between adaptive behavior and system complexity.  相似文献   

Multiple authors,multiple problems     

Kennedy D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5634):733

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Nanominerals, mineral nanoparticles, and Earth systems   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Hochella MF  Lower SK  Maurice PA  Penn RL  Sahai N  Sparks DL  Twining BS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5870):1631-1635

Minerals are more complex than previously thought because of the discovery that their chemical properties vary as a function of particle size when smaller, in at least one dimension, than a few nanometers, to perhaps as much as several tens of nanometers. These variations are most likely due, at least in part, to differences in surface and near-surface atomic structure, as well as crystal shape and surface topography as a function of size in this smallest of size regimes. It has now been established that these variations may make a difference in important geochemical and biogeochemical reactions and kinetics. This recognition is broadening and enriching our view of how minerals influence the hydrosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere.  相似文献   

The Influence of Co-Suppressing Tomato 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Ⅰ on the Expression of Fruit Ripening-Related and Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes     

Zong-li HU Ph D  Xu-qing CHEN  Guo-ping CHEN  Li-juan LÜ  Grierson Donald 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(4):406-413

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of co-suppressing tomato ACC oxidase Ⅰ on the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and on the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene and storage ability of fruits. Specific fragments of several fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes from tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） were cloned, such as the l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 gene （LeAC01）, 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 gene （LeAC03）, EIN3-binding F-box 1 gene （LeEBF1）, pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene （LePR1）, pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene （LePR5）, and pathogenesis-related protein osmotin precursor gene （LeNP24） by PCR or RT-PCR. Then these specific DNA fragments were used as probes to hybridize with the total RNAs extracted from the wild type tomato Ailsa Craig （AC＋＋） and the LeAC01 co-suppression tomatoes （V1187 and T4B）, respectively. At the same time, ethylene production measurement and storage experiment of tomato fruits were carded out. The hybridization results indicated that the expression of fruit ripening-related genes such as LeACO3 and LeEBF1, and pathogenesis-related protein genes such as LePR1, LePR5, and LeNP24, were reduced sharply, and the ethylene production in the fruits, wounded leaves decreased and the storage time of ripening fruits was prolonged, when the expression of LeACO1 gene in the transgenic tomato was suppressed. In the co-suppression tomatoes, the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes were restrained at different degrees, the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene decreased and the storage ability of tomato fruits increased.  相似文献