Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses     

D. A. Bond  G. J. Jellis  G. G. Rowland  J. Le Guen  L. D. Robertson  S. A. Khalil  L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

Initial selection steps in olive breeding programs     

Lorenzo León  Leonardo Velasco  Raúl de la Rosa 《Euphytica》2015,201(3):453-462

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Quantitative trait loci underlying the adhesion of Azospirillum brasilense cells to wheat roots     

José Luis Díaz De León  Thelma Castellanos  Jie Ling  Adriana Rojas-Hernández  Marion S. Röder 《Euphytica》2015,204(1):81-90

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Genetics of resistance to 3 isolates of Ascochyta fabae on Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in controlled conditions     

Mohamed Kharrat  Joël Le Guen  Bernard Tivoli 《Euphytica》2006,151(1):49-61

Summary Genetics of resistance to Ascochyta fabae Speg. in Vicia faba L. was studied with a final objective to develop resistant faba bean varieties to Ascochyta blight. The study was conducted separately on 3 single spore isolates (AF10-2 and AF13-2 from Tunisia and AF4-3 from France) and belonging to different groups of virulence (GV1 and GV2). Important general combining ability (GCA) effects were found especially with isolates AF10-2 and AF4-3. Specific combining ability (SCA), although significant for the 3 isolates, was important only with AF13 -2, but less important than GCA. Additive gene effects were predominant to non-additive effects. Lines 29H and A8817 transmitted to their progenies resistance to the 3 isolates, whereas 14–12 and 19TB conferred resistance to their progenies only with isolates AF13-2 and AF4-3, respectively. In the material studied, resistance was generally controlled by dominant genes but also could be attributed to recessive genes although less frequent. Analysis of segregation in the F2 of 2 crosses between the resistant lines (A8817 and 29H) and the susceptible line (14–12) with isolate AF4-3 revealed dominant monogenic control at the level of leaves in the 2 resistant lines and, in addition, a recessive gene controlling resistance of stems. Non-allelic interactions were occasionally manifested and their origin appeared to be due to line 19TB. A recurrent selection scheme was proposed with the objective to develop improved open-pollination populations and synthetic varieties responding to the objective of the national Tunisian research programme on faba bean.  相似文献   

Utilization of enzyme mixtures to retard bread crumb firming     

León AE  Durán E  Benedito De Barber C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(6):1416-1419

The influence of enzyme mixtures containing amylase and lipase activities on straight dough bread staling was studied. Amylopectin retrogradation, crumb firming, amylose-lipid complexes, and dextrin production were analyzed in bread samples supplemented with two enzyme mixtures. The addition of enzyme mixtures to bread formula causes a beneficial effect on bread keeping properties and the formation of a more thermostable amylose-lipid complex than the one found in control bread. Amylopectin retrogradation was inhibited by the use of the enzyme; the effect was accompanied by reduced crumb-firming rates. The enzymatically generated water-soluble dextrins (maltose and DP3, DP4, DP5, and DP6 dextrins) are the most effective in preserving crumb softness during bread storage.  相似文献   

The buffer effect of non-breeding birds and the timing of farmland bird declines     

Sarah E.A.Le V.dit Durell  Ralph T Clarke 《Biological conservation》2004,120(3):375-382

Breeding territoriality in birds means that a certain proportion of the adult population may breed in suboptimal habitats or not breed at all. Non-breeding birds, or floaters, can have a `buffer effect' on breeding population size. Farmland bird declines in Britain are measured and analysed in terms of numbers of territory-holding birds. We use a population dynamics model to illustrate how, because of the buffer effect of floaters, there can be a time lag between the start of total population decline and detectable breeding population decline. Differences in the timing of declines of closely related farmland birds could therefore be due to slight differences in their population dynamics, rather than differences in their response to agricultural change.  相似文献   

Climate/growth relationships in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus cembra</Emphasis> high-elevation network in the Southern French Alps     

Mélanie Saulnier  Jean-Louis Edouard  Christophe Corona  Frédéric Guibal 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(1):189-200

•Introduction  

In the context of climate change, assessing climate–growth relationships is of high importance in order to understand how forest ecosystems evolve and to test climate models at regional scale.  相似文献   

Tissue iron distribution and adaptation of iron absorption in rats exposed to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA     

Yeung CK  Zhu L  Glahn RP  Miller DD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(20):8087-8091

Although it has been shown that iron absorption from NaFeEDTA, a promising iron fortificant, is effectively down-regulated in iron-loaded rats, effects of prolonged exposure to high dietary levels of NaFeEDTA are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rats can adapt to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption, and to determine effects on tissue iron distribution, with or without an iron absorption inhibitor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to diets supplemented with FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA at 1200 mg of Fe/kg of diet, with or without tea, for 27 days. Iron absorption measured by whole-body counting before and after exposure showed that rats adapted to the high dietary level of FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption to a similar extent. However, nonheme iron concentrations in liver and spleen were about 35-50% lower, whereas the concentration in kidney was about 300% higher in rats fed NaFeEDTA, compared to rats fed FeSO4. Tea had no major impact on iron absorption or iron status, regardless of iron source. Our results showed that although iron absorption was down-regulated similarly, body iron distribution was markedly different between rats exposed to FeSO4 and those exposed to NaFeEDTA. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to dietary NaFeEDTA on kidney iron accumulation and kidney function.  相似文献   

Origin of French virgin olive oil registered designation of origins predicted by chemometric analysis of synchronous excitation-emission fluorescence spectra     

Dupuy N  Le Dréau Y  Ollivier D  Artaud J  Pinatel C  Kister J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9361-9368

The authentication of virgin olive oil samples requires usually the use of sophisticated and very expensive analytical techniques, so there is a need for fast and inexpensive analytical techniques for use in a quality control methodology. Virgin olive oils present an intense fluorescence spectra. Synchronous excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy (SEEFS) was assessed for origin determination of virgin olive oil samples from five French registered designation of origins (RDOs) (Nyons, Vallée des Baux, Aix-en-Provence, Haute-Provence, and Nice). The spectra present bands between 600 and 700 nm in emission due to chlorophylls a and b and pheophytins a and b. The bands between 275 and 400 nm in emission were attributed to alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tocopherols and to phenolic compounds, which characterize the virgin olive oils compared to other edible oils. The chemometric treatment (PLS1) of synchronous excitation-emission fluorescence spectra allows one to determine the origin of the oils from five French RDOs (Baux, Aix, Haute-Provence, Nice, and Nyons). Results were quite satisfactory, despite the similarity between two denominations of origin (Baux and Aix) that are composed by some common cultivars (Aglandau and Salonenque). The interpretation of the regression coefficients shows that RDOs are correlated to chlorophylls, pheophytins, tocopherols, and phenols compounds, which are different for each origin. SEEFS is part of a global analytic methodology that associates spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. This approach can be used for traceability and vindicates the RDOs.  相似文献   

Characterization of suspended particulate matter in the Moselle River (Lorraine,France): evolution along the course of the river and in different hydrologic regimes     

Mathieu Le Meur  Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier  Allan Bauer  Renaud Gley  Sylvie Migot  Odile Barres  Claire Delus  Frédéric Villiéras 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(5):1625-1642

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