Absorption,translocation and distribution of lindane and DDT in the corn plant     

Alex Polizu  Stefania Floru  FL. Paulian 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1971,20(3):203-213

Summary Data are given on the translocation and distribution of lindane and DDT in corn plants, and on their accumulation in corn kernels.The studies were conducted between 1966 and 1968, using emulsifiable products containing lindane and DDT formulated according to the same formulation. The insecticides were introduced in the plant by absorption from the soil and by injection.A part of the internodes of the 5 plants, representing a variant, were analysed. From the data obtained it results that insecticide absorption in the plants varies in terms of the date of application, and the rate of plant development.Following plant injections, DDT accumulated in larger amounts than lindane and, conversely, by absorption from the soil lindane was absorbed in larger quantities.It was found that both lindane and DDT are able to translocate and accumulate in corn plants and kernels. This translocation is higher for lindane and less so for DDT. In the case of lindane, an accumulation at the level of the physiologically active plant centers was established.Compound accumulation in a larger or smaller proportion is also a function of the water regime,, and their localization in various zones of the plant probably is governed by some physiological factors.

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Zusammenfassung Daten über Translokation und Verteilung von Lindan und DDT in der Maispflanze sowie über Anreicherung in den Maiskörnern werden mitgeteilt.Die Forschungsarbeiten wurden in den Jahren 1966–1968 durchgeführt. Als Versuchspräparate dienten emulgiertes Lindan und nach der gleichen Formulierung hergestellte DDT-Emulsion.Die Insektizide wurden der Pflanze auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen zugeführt, und zwar durch Bodenabsorption und durch Injektion.Die Internodien der 5 Pflanzen, die eine Variante bildeten, wurdern auf Rückstände analysiert.Auf Grund der erzielten Resultate wird festgestellt, daß die Insektizidaufnahme durch die Pflanze von ihrem Entwicklungsstadium und von dem Behandlungstermin abhängig ist.Von den injizierten Insektiziden wurden in der Pflanze größere DDT-Mengen gespeichert, während durch Bodenabsorption größere Mengen Lindan von der Pflanze aufgenommen wurden.Es wird weiterhin festgestellt, daß sowohl Lindan als auch DDT in der Maispflanze bis in die Körner weitergeleitet und gespeichert werden kann. Bei Lindan ist die Translokation intensiver als bei DDT.Größere Lindananreicherungen wurden im Bereich der physiologisch aktiven Pflanzenzentren festgestellt.Größere oder geringere Anreicherungen von Insektiziden in der Pflanze hängen auch von ihrem Wasserhaushalt ab, während die Lokalisierung in den einzelnen Pflanzenzonen von bestimmten physiologischen Faktoren abhängig ist.

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Résumé On présente des données sur la translocation et la répartition du lindane et du DDT dans la plante de maïs, et sur leur accumulation dans les graines.Les recherches ont été effectuées de 1966 à 1968, en utilisant des produits émulsifiables contenant du lindane et du DDT, conditionnés selon la même formulation.Les insecticides ont été introduits dans la plante soit par absorbtion, soit par des injections.On a analysé partiellement les internodes des 5 plantes qui ont constitué une variante.Les données obtenues montrent que l'absorbtion des insecticides dans la plante varie en fonction du moment de l'application du traitement et en rapport avec le degré de développement de la plante.A la suite des injections, le DDT a été accumulé en plus grande quantité que le lindane et, au contraire, l'accumulation du lindane a été plus importante à la suite de l'absorbtion à partir du sol.On constate que le lindane et le DDT peuvent être transloqués et accumulés dans les plantes et les graines de maïs. Cette translocation est plus importante chez le lindane, et elle est moindre dans le cas du DDT. En ce qui concerne le lindane, on constate des accumulations au niveau des centres physiologiquement actifs de la plante.L'accumulation en une proportion plus ou moins grande est aussi conditionnée par le régime de l'eau, cependant que la localisation de ces substances dans diverses zones de la plante est déterminée par certains facteurs physiologiques.

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Low dose γ-irradiation as a suitable solution for chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) conservation: effects on sugars, fatty acids, and tocopherols     

Fernandes   Antonio AL  Barros L  Barreira JC  Bento A  Botelho ML  Ferreira IC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10028-10033

Along with dehydration, the development of insects and microorganisms is the major drawback in chestnut conservation. Irradiation has been regaining interest as an alternative technology to increase food product shelf life. In the present work, the effects of low dose gamma irradiation on the sugar, fatty acid, and tocopherol composition of chestnuts stored at 4 °C for different storage periods (0, 30, and 60 days) was evaluated. The irradiations were performed in a 60Co experimental equipment, for 1 h (0.27±0.04 kGy) and 2 h (0.54±0.04 kGy). Changes in sugars and tocopherols were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to refraction index and fluorescence detections, respectively, while changes in fatty acids were analyzed by gas-chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection. Regarding sugar composition, storage time proved to have a higher effect than irradiation treatment. Fructose and glucose increased after storage, with the corresponding decrease of sucrose. Otherwise, the tocopherol content was lower in nonirradiated samples, without a significant influence of storage. Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were not affected, either by storage or irradiation. Nevertheless, some individual fatty acid concentrations were influenced by one of two factors, such as the increase of palmitic acid in irradiated samples or the decrease of oleic acid after 60 days of storage. Overall, the assayed irradiation doses seem to be a promising alternative treatment to increase chestnut shelf life, without affecting the profile and composition in important nutrients.  相似文献   

IN MEMORIAM: Peter Fritz Suter,Dr Med Vet,PhD, Dipl ACVR,ECVDI. 1930–2011     

PETER LORD  MARK FLÜCKIGER  STEPHEN ETTINGER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(4):474-475

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Evaluation of Arsenic Availability in Sulfidic Materials from Gold Mining Areas in Brazil     

Renato Pereira de Andrade  Jaime Wilson Vargas de Mello  Cláudia Carvalhinho Windm?ller  José Bento Borba da Silva  Bernardino Ribeiro Figueiredo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):4679-4686

This study is aimed at evaluating the availability and mobility of arsenic in sulfidic materials from gold mining areas in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Eight extraction media were employed in a sequential extraction scheme, as follows: exchangeable As; strongly adsorbed As; As coprecipitated with acid-volatile sulfide, carbonates, MnO₂, and Al₂O₃; As coprecipitated with amorphous iron; As linked to crystalline iron oxide; As coprecipitated with silicates; As coprecipitated with amorphous FeS₂ and As₂S₃, and residual As, which was determined by GFAAS. Results demonstrated that in spite of differences in arsenic concentrations, the availability of the metalloid was found to be low for all samples. In general, arsenic was found in less available forms. Nevertheless, most of the arsenic in the environment is retained in the fractions 3, 4, and 5 which are susceptible to dissolution in acid medium, which in turn might be due to oxidation of the sulfide present in the samples.  相似文献   

Clostridial myonecrosis,haemolytic anaemia,hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after intramuscular injection in a Thoroughbred gelding     

FL Anderson  CJ Secombe  GD Lester 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(5):204-208

A 9‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for swelling over the left neck and inappetence. There was recent history of intramuscular administration of flunixin meglumine into the left neck. On examination, there was evidence of focal myositis, anaemia, haemolysis and pigmenturia. Culture of aspirated fluid from the left side of the neck produced a heavy growth of a Clostridium species. Complications of infection included haemolytic anaemia, hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment included intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics, anti‐inflammatory drugs, blood transfusion and surgical debridement. There was complete resolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical and echocardiographic abnormalities, and the horse returned to ridden work. This report highlights the complications that can arise from clostridial myonecrosis, including the effect on the myocardium.  相似文献   

Clinical value of anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi IgG titers detected by flow cytometry to distinguish infected from vaccinated dogs     

de Andrade RA  Reis AB  Gontijo CM  Braga LB  Rocha RD  Araújo MS  Vianna LR  Martins-Filho OA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,116(1-2):85-97

Leishmune vaccination covers a broader number of endemic areas of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and therefore the development of new serological devices able to discriminate CVL from Leishmune vaccinees becomes an urgent need considering the post-vaccine seroconversion detected throughout conventional methodologies. Herein, we have described the establishment of a flow cytometry based methodology to detect anti-fixed L. (L.) chagasi promastigotes antibodies (FC-AFPA-IgG, FC-AFPA-IgG1 and FC-AFPA-IgG2) in sera samples from Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infected dogs and Leishmune vaccinees. The results of FC-AFPA were reported along the sera titration curve (1:128-1:524,288), as percentage-of-positive-fluorescent-parasite (PPFP). The use of PPFP=20% as a cut-off edge to segregate negative and positive results at sera dilution 1:2048 revealed outstanding performance indexes that elect FC-AFPA-IgG and IgG2 (both detected by polyclonal FITC-labeled second step reagent) applicable to the serological diagnosis of CVL, with 100% of specificity for both IgG and IgG2 and 97 and 93% of sensitivity, respectively. Moreover, FC-AFPA-IgG, applied at sera dilution 1:2048, also appeared as a useful tool to discriminate L. chagasi infected dogs from Leishmune vaccinees, with 76% of specificity. Outstanding likelihood indexes further support the performance of FC-AFPA-IgG for exclusion diagnosis of CVL in Leishmune vaccinees. Analysis of FC-AFPA-IgG at sera dilution 1:8192 revealed the most outstanding indexes, demonstrating that besides the ability of PPFP 相似文献   

Are wild flowers and insect honeydews potential food resources for adults of the olive moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prays oleae</Emphasis>?     

Maria Villa  Rosalina Marrão  António Mexia  Albino Bento  José Alberto Pereira 《Journal of pest science》2017,90(1):185-194

The use of non-crop resources by natural enemies and their potentialities to enhance their effectiveness as pest control agents is increasing as a method for conservation biological control. Nevertheless, the effect of consumption of non-crop resources by pests has been generally overlooked being this knowledge crucial to favor natural enemies but not pests. In the present work, insect honeydews and flowers suitability as food resources for the olive tree key-pest Prays oleae were analyzed under laboratory conditions. The selected honeydews were excreted by Saissetia oleae and Euphyllura olivina, two olive pests, and the selected plants were seven abundant species in the olive grove agroecosystem that bloom simultaneously with the flight period of the anthophagous generation of P. oleae. In this work, some of these resources were identified as potential food sources for P. oleae. Despite the general findings, which indicate that honeydews have less nutritional value for insects than nectar, P. oleae reached the best survival and reproduction performance with the insects’ honeydews. Several of the tested flowers were identified as potential food resources for P. oleae, being Malva sylvestris the one that originated the best performance. Moreover, our results suggest that P. oleae females are synovigenic and emerge with nutritional reserves for reproduction. We highly recommend accomplishing further research before establishing these resources in biological control methods in order to confirm their effect on pests in fields.  相似文献   

Multivariate analysis of tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) phenolics: influence of fertilizers     

Sousa C  Pereira DM  Pereira JA  Bento A  Rodrigues MA  Dopico-García S  Valentão P  Lopes G  Ferreres F  Seabra RM  Andrade PB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(6):2231-2239

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of fertilization level on the phenolic composition of tronchuda cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) external and internal leaves. Eight different plots were constituted: a control without fertilization, one with organic matter, and six experiments with conventional fertilizers (nitrogen, boron, and sulfur, two levels each). The phenolic compounds were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC-DAD. External and internal leaves revealed distinct qualitative composition. In the internal leaves were found 15 phenolics (5 kaempferol and 10 cinnamic acid derivatives), whereas the external leaves presented 3- p-coumaroylquinic acid and 13 kaempferol derivatives. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to assess the relationships between phenolic compounds, agronomical practices, and harvesting time. Samples obtained with conventional practices were quite effectively separated from organic samples, for both types of leaves. In general, samples developed without any fertilization presented the highest phenolics amounts: external and internal leaves contained 1.4- and 4.6-fold more phenolic compounds than the ones that received conventional fertilizer, respectively, and the internal leaves presented 2.4 times more phenolics than the ones grown with organic amendment. Additionally, samples from organic production exhibited higher total phenolics content than those from conventional practices, collected at the same time. Samples harvested first were revealed to be distinct from the ones collected later. The results show that it is possible to grow tronchuda cabbage without excess fertilizers, with highest amounts of phenolics and reduced environment contamination.  相似文献   

Free amino acids of tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. costata DC): influence of leaf position (internal or external) and collection time     

Oliveira AP  Pereira DM  Andrade PB  Valentão P  Sousa C  Pereira JA  Bento A  Rodrigues MA  Seabra RM  Silva BM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5216-5221

The free amino acid profile of 18 samples of tronchuda cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) leaves, harvested at three different months, was determined by HPLC/UV-vis. The tronchuda cabbage leaves total free amino acid content varied from 3.3 to 14.4 g/kg fresh weight. Generally, arginine was the major compound, followed by proline, threonine, glutamine, cysteine, and glutamic acid. This study indicates that free amino acids are not similarly distributed: in external leaves, proline and arginine were the major free amino acids, while in internal ones, arginine was the main free amino acid, followed by threonine, glutamine, and cysteine. Significant differences were observed for valine, proline, arginine, leucine, cysteine, lysine, histidine, and tyrosine contents. The levels of some free amino acids were significantly affected by the collection period. In external leaves, this occurred with glutamic acid, serine, valine, leucine, cysteine, and ornithine contents, while in internal leaves, it occurred with aspartic acid, arginine, and total contents.  相似文献   

Gene silencing by RNAi via oral delivery of dsRNA by bacteria in the South American tomato pinworm,Tuta absoluta     

Flavia MM Bento  Rodrigo N Marques  Felippe B Campana  Clarice GB Demtrio  Roseli A Leandro  Jos Roberto P Parra  Antonio Figueira 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):287-295

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