Degradation of hop latent viroid during anaerobic digestion of infected hop harvest residues     

Hagemann  Michael Helmut  Born  Ute  Sprich  Elke  Seigner  Luitgardis  Oechsner  Hans  Hülsemann  Benedikt  Steinbrenner  Jörg  Winterhagen  Patrick  Lehmair  Erich 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(3):579-591

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Carbon accumulation in a bare fallow Chernozem soil with high carbon input rates     

Uwe Franko  Elke Schulz 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(1):265-273

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Fundamental evaluation of the impact of high Hydrostatic Pressure on oat batters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Edith K. Hüttner  Fabio Dal Bello  Kaisa Poutanen  Elke K. Arendt   《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,49(3):363-370

The use of grains alternative to wheat or rye is a challenging task for cereal technologists, and currently new technologies are under investigation as tools to improve the performances of these alternative grains. In this work the effects of high Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) on oat batters were investigated. Oat batters were treated for 10 min at 200, 300, 350, 400 or 500 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy and bright field microscopy showed that high HP significantly affected oat batter microstructure, and both starch and proteins were affected. Treatment at high HP significantly improved batter viscosity and elasticity. At pressures ≤300 MPa the increase in the viscous component was higher than the increase in the elastic component. On the contrary, at pressures ≥350 MPa the elastic component was predominant. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that high HP induced starch gelatinisation, which started at 300 MPa and was almost complete after treatment at 500 MPa. High HP also affected water- and salt-soluble as well as urea-soluble oat proteins. Analysis of proteins soluble in different buffers revealed that pressures ≥300 MPa induced the formation of urea-insoluble complexes and/or disulfide bonds. Overall, the extent of starch gelatinisation and protein modification was dependent on the applied pressure, but the results collected so far clearly show that high HP can be used to improve the functionality of oat batters.  相似文献   

Microstructure, fundamental rheology and baking characteristics of batters and breads from different gluten-free flours treated with a microbial transglutaminase   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

Stefano Renzetti  Fabio Dal Bello  Elke K. Arendt   《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(1):33-45

Gluten is a fundamental component for the overall quality and structure of breads. The replacement of the gluten network in the development of gluten-free cereal products is a challenging task for the cereal technologist. The functionality of proteins from gluten-free flours could be modified in order to improve their baking characteristics by promoting protein networks. Transglutaminase (TGase) has been successfully used in food systems to promote protein cross-linking. In this study, TGase was investigated for network forming potential on flours from six different gluten-free cereals (brown rice, buckwheat, corn, oat, sorghum and teff) used in breadmaking. TGase was added at 0, 1 or 10 U/g of proteins present in the recipe. The effect of TGase on batters and breads was evaluated by fundamental rheological tests, Texture Profile Analysis and standard baking tests. Three-dimensional elaborations of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) images were performed on both batters and breads to evaluate the influence of TGase on microstructure. Fundamental rheological tests showed a significant increase in the pseudoplastic behaviour of buckwheat and brown rice batters when 10 U of TGase were used. The resulting buckwheat and brown rice breads showed improved baking characteristics as well as overall macroscopic appearance. Three-dimensional CLSM image elaborations confirmed the formation of protein complexes by TGase action. On the other side, TGase showed negative effects on corn flour as its application was detrimental for the elastic properties of the batters. Nevertheless, the resulting breads showed significant improvements in terms of increased specific volume and decreased crumb hardness and chewiness. Under the conditions of this study, no effects of TGase could be observed on breads from oat, sorghum or teff. Overall, the results of this study show that TGase can be successfully applied to gluten-free flours to improve their breadmaking potentials by promoting network formation. However, the protein source is a key element determining the impact of the enzyme.  相似文献   

Carbon stocks and greenhouse gas balance of harvested wood products: focus on the Asia-Pacific Partnership countries vis-à-vis the European Union     

Gundolf Kohlmaier  Luita Kohlmaier  Elke Fries  Wolfgang Jaeschke 《European Journal of Forest Research》2008,127(2):133-147

With the analytical tool, Frankfurt Harvested Wood Products Model, FPM, the carbon stocks and carbon stock changes of Harvested Wood Products, HWP, either in USE or in LANDFILLS L-F, have been evaluated, each separately, from the readily available statistical data base of the FAO, FAOSTAT, on the wood commodities: “Sawnwood and Wood-based Panels, SWP” and the paper commodities, “Paper and Paperboard, PAP”. The focus was on the newly founded Asia-Pacific Partnership countries for Clean Development and Climate (in short AP6), including Canada, which wants to join the AP6, in relation to the countries of the European Union EU-25. It could be shown that the stocks and stock changes of the HWP in USE follow a simple algorithm of the annual consumption or production and their mean annual growth, for the categories SWP and PAP, provided the mean residence times of the HWP in USE can be estimated. With the information on the fraction of residues entering the landfills and their estimated residence times an equivalent simple expression has been derived for stocks and stock changes of the HWP in LANDFILLS L-F. Their values have been calculated to be approximately 0.5 to 0.7 times smaller than those of the HWP in USE. Still, all stock changes of the HWP in L-F were positive and thus accumulating carbon. However, when methane outgasing within the HWP in L-F had been considered, the calculated Greenhouse Gas Balance was zero or negative under the estimated parameters thus to at least partly compensate the positive storage of carbon in HWP in USE. The percentage of CO₂ removed by the HWP in USE in comparison to the annual greenhouse gas emissions varied from 0.3 to 1.7%, with a mean value of 0.8% for the AP6 countries including Canada, in contrast to 1.0% of the EU-25 countries. Despite of the relative small magnitude in relation to the total emission of all GHG this contribution should not be neglected in the GHG Budget of a country.  相似文献   

Genetic variation within European tree species   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

G. Müller-Starck  Ph. Baradat  F. Bergmann 《New Forests》1992,6(1-4):23-47

This paper reviews results of studies on genetic variation in various European coniferous and angiosperm tree species, with emphasis on Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, and Castanea sativa. Most of the studies employ enzyme gene markers, but terpenes and other markers are also used. The comparison of data is complicated due to the variety of measures of genetic variation that are reported. Nevertheless, substantial differences in intra- and interpopulational genetic variation can be observed among and also within species. Causes for such heterogeneity are briefly discussed. The necessity for monitoring genetic variation and for standardizing measurement of genetic variation is emphasized.  相似文献   

Clinical evaluation and management of hemoperitoneum in dogs     

Lee V. Herold  DVM  DACVECC    Jennifer J. Devey  DVM  DACVECC    Rebecca Kirby  DVM  DACVIM  DACVECC    Elke Rudloff  DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2008,18(1):40-53

Objective: Review the clinical presentation, assessment, resuscitation, and medical and surgical management of dogs with hemoperitoneum. Etiology: Hemoperitoneum is defined as free intra‐abdominal hemorrhage. Hemoperitoneum occurs from traumatic and nontraumatic causes. Common etiologies include atraumatic rupture of intra‐abdominal masses, coagulopathies, as well as blunt, and penetrating trauma to the abdomen. Diagnosis: Definitive diagnosis of hemoperitoneum entails demonstration of free intra‐abdominal blood via paracentesis or diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Imaging and other diagnostic tests including coagulation studies may help to determine underlying causes of hemoperitoneum or concurrent organ dysfunction. Therapy: Goals of therapy for patients with hemoperitoneum include maintenance and restoration of effective circulating volume, maintenance and restoration of oxygen‐carrying capacity, and arrest of hemorrhage. These goals can be achieved via fluid resuscitation, administration of blood products or hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers, as well as application of abdominal counterpressure, and surgical intervention. Surgery usually is required for bleeding intra‐abdominal neoplasms. Emergency surgery is recommended for hemorrhaging patients with penetrating trauma, gastric dilatation and volvulus, bleeding cysts, liver lobe torsion, splenic torsion, and any other condition resulting in organ ischemia. Prognosis: Prognosis in patients with hemoperitoneum may depend on the underlying cause and concurrent injuries.  相似文献   

Determination of the intramammary dose of benzylpenicillin required to maintain an adequate concentration in the milk to inhibit Gram‐positive bacteria in the clinically normal udder for 24 hr          下载免费PDF全文

Elke Abbeloos  Satu Pyörälä  Päivi Rajala‐Schultz  Vesa Myllys 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(5):691-698

The aim of this study was to determine the intramammary dose of benzylpenicillin required to maintain a concentration in the milk above the MIC for the Gram‐positive bacteria that cause mastitis. The product used in this study was a commercially available procaine benzylpenicillin in an oily suspension with micronized particles. Three dose levels were used: 200,000, 300,000, and 600,000 IU. Concentrations of benzylpenicillin in cow milk and plasma were determined after a single intramammary dose was administered into one quarter of each of the five cows in each treatment group. Samples were analyzed using an HPLC‐MS/MS method, which was validated during the study. Concentrations in the milk were well above the MIC for the target pathogens for all doses tested. There was a linear dose‐dependent increase in the mean AUCs of benzylpenicillin concentrations in plasma and milk. At the first milking, 12 hr after dosing, there was a significant difference between the mean milk benzylpenicillin concentrations in cows treated with a dose of 600,000 IU, and those treated with 200,000 or 300,000 IU. Although this study shows a linear relationship between the dose of procaine benzylpenicillin administered and the concentration in the milk in the healthy udder, it would be useful to conduct studies on cows with mastitis to define the optimum dose and duration of intramammary treatment with benzylpenicillin.  相似文献   

Die Molybdänversorgung der Thüringer Böden und der Einfluß einer Molybdändüngung auf Ertrag,Rohprotein- und Mineralstoffgehalt von Luzerne     

Karl-Heinz Müller  Erhard Wuth  Bodo Witter  Richard Ebeling  Werner Bergmann 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4-5):353-373

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Der Einfluß verschiedener Umweltfaktoren auf den Borgehalt Thüringer Böden     

Lothar Büchel  Werner Bergmann 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8-9):635-648

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