Gefäßversuche mit “Ionenaustauscher-Nährstoffen”     

W. Bergmann 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):128-144

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Zum Wechsel des Editor-in-Chief: Change of Editor-in-Chief     

Elke Schulz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4-5):iii-iv

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CT diagnosis of occipital condyle fracture in a dog presented for severe cervical hyperesthesia     

Liesbet Ledeganck  Kaatje Kromhout  Koen Chiers  Elke Van der Vekens  Luc Van Ham  Sofie F.M. Bhatti  Ine Cornelis 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2023,64(2):E10-E13

A 9-month-old male entire Doberman Pinscher presented with acute onset of severe cervical hyperesthesia after a fall. Neurological examination revealed a normal gait with low head carriage and severe cervical hyperesthesia. A CT scan of the cervical vertebral column revealed the presence of a comminuted fracture at the dorsomedial aspect of the right occipital condyle and sclerosis of the underlying bone. Medical management was initiated consisting of an external bandage, strict rest, and pain medication. Due to the lack of clinical improvement, the dog was euthanized 2 months after diagnosis. Histopathology of the lesion was compatible with a healing fracture.  相似文献   

Genetic Aspects of Forestry in the Central Europe     

B. Hosius  L. Leinemann  M. Konnert  F. Bergmann 《European Journal of Forest Research》2006,125(4):407-417

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Mineral nutrition, soil factors and growth rates of Gmelina arborea plantations in the humid lowlands of northern Costa Rica     

M. Stuhrmann  C. Bergmann  W. Zech 《Forest Ecology and Management》1994,70(1-3):135-145

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors which are responsible for clearly visible growth irregularities in Gmelina arborea stands by relating growth rates to soil and site properties. All Gmelina plantations under study, established on degraded pasture soils in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica, showed the same growth pattern: very poor growth and chlorotic foliage of trees in mid-slope positions, and fast growth and healthy leaves of trees on hilltops and hillbases. The variation in site and soil properties and tree growth rates was analysed, investigating 24 plots in eight different plantations. Leaf samples were taken from 120 trees (five trees per site). Foliar analysis revealed that the tree growth is highly dependent on the supply of N, P, K and S, indicating that poorly growing trees suffer from a multiple nutrient disorder. To identify the most restricting soil factor, simple correlations between growth rates and soil chemical and physical properties were applied to the entire data set. The best correlation was obtained with exchangeable soil K (r=0.78, P<0.001). Subdivision of the data set into plots on brown soils (eight) and plots on red soils (16) and subsequent correlation analysis resulted in much stronger relationships. Growth depressions in mid-slope positions had other causes on brown soils than on red soils. On the acid brown soils the combination of the variables Al saturation and bulk density could explain 82% of the variation of tree growth. Al saturation of up to 80% in brown soils inhibits nutrient uptake, particularly of N and P. The red soils dominate on Ca---Mg-enriched, alluvial terraces and were among the first soils to be cultivated in the region. During the agricultural use and at the establishment of the tree plantations, they received dolomitic lime to reduce Al toxicity. Here, very low K/Mg ratios (less than 0.03) may induce K deficiency. Therefore, the best multiple regression model for tree growth rates on red soils is obtained with K/Mg ratio and thickness of the humic A-layer (r²=0.75, P<0.001). Inclusion of the variable bulk density resulted in a clear improvement of the model, explaining 91% of the growth variability.  相似文献   

Wachstumsreaktionen der Buche (Fagus sylvatica (L.)) auf Durchforstungen—130-jährige Beobachtung des Durchforstungsversuches Elmstein 20     

Dr. H. Utschig  Dr. Elke Küsters 《European Journal of Forest Research》2003,122(6):389-409

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Möglichkeiten zum Nachweis von autochthonen Hochlagenbeständen der Fichte (Picea abies) in den Berchtesgadener Alpen     

W. F. Ruetz  F. Bergmann 《European Journal of Forest Research》1989,108(1):164-174

Zusammenfassung Bedingt durch Mangel an Wissen und zum Teil auch geeignetem Saat- und Pflanzgut wurden vor ca. 130 Jahren manche Best?nde in den Hochlagen der Berchtesgadener Alpen mit nicht angepa?ten Fichten-Herkünften (Picea abies) aus mittleren und tieferen Lagen begründet. Um den autochthonen Charakter und damit die Angepa?theit an die Umwelt von solchen Hochlagenbest?nden des Nationalparks einzusch?tzen, wurde mit Hilfe biochemisch-genetischer Methoden deren genetische Struktur an drei Enzym-Genloci bestimmt. An einem weiteren Enzym-Genlocus wurden Beziehungen zwischen dem jeweiligen Genotyp und dem Gesundheitszustand der B?ume überprüft Als Versuchsmaterial dienten Samenproben von 30 Einzelb?umen aus Best?nden unterschiedlicher H?henlage und eine Mischprobe von einem Tieflagenbestand nahe München. W?hrend die Daten von zwei Enzym-Genloci, an denen arealspezifische Allele vorkommen, zeigten, da? das untersuchte Fichtenmaterial nicht aus einem anderen Refugialgebiet stammt, ergaben die Genotyph?ufigkeitsverteilungen am dritten Genlocus (SAP-B), an dem bereits h?henlagen-abh?ngige Allelverteilungen nachgewiesen worden waren, da? Restbest?nde der h?chsten Gebirgslagen nur SAP-Hochlagentypen enthalten und damit, wie vermutet, als autochthon zu betrachten sind. Demgegenüber weisen die Best?nde der Tallagen überwiegend die SAP-Tieflagentypen, die Best?nde der mittleren Lagen jedoch alle SAP-Typen in unterschiedlicher H?ufigkeit auf, wobei in einem Fall die Vermutung der künstlichen Begründung gestützt werden konnte. Für einen weiteren Genlocus (GRD-A) wurde zudem beim Vergleich zwischen gesunden und immissionsgesch?digten B?umen festgestellt, da? bestimmte heterozygote Genotypen weitaus h?ufiger bei den gesunden Individuen vorkommen, was frühere Ergebnisse bei jüngeren Best?nden und Klonmaterial voll best?tigte. Generell zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung auf, wie die Autochthonie von Hochgebirgs-Fichtenbest?nden eingesch?tzt werden kann; ein Weg, der für waldbauliche und Generhaltungsma?nahmen von gro?er Bedeutung ist.

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Possibilities of detecting indigenous high-elevation Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in the Berchtesgadener Alps

Summary The lack of sufficient seed and planting stock from high-elevation provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies) led to the introduction of poorly adapted seed sources from low and middle elevations into the higher, elevations of the Berchtesgadener Alps. In order to evaluate the indigenous character and thus the adaptability of tree stands located at high elevations, their genetic structures using three enzyme gene loci were determined by means of biochemical-genetic methods. For another enzyme gene locus, the relationship between certain genotypes and the extent of pollution-caused damage of trees was examined. The test material consisted of seed lots from 30 single trees from stands at different elevations and from a bulk seed collection from a lowland stand near Munich. While the data of two enzyme gene loci possessing areal-specific alleles revealed that the investigated spruce stands do not originate from other distribution area,, the genotype frequencies of the third gene locus (SAP-B), for which elevational gradients in allele frequencies have already been established, were found to vary markedly among the spruce stands. Some tree groups from the highest altitudes in these Alps exhibited only those SAP genotypes which characterize high-elevation stands (high-elevation types) thus confirming their indigenous character. In contrast, the spruce stands from the valleys mainly consisted of low-elevation types and rarely of heterozygotes of both SAP types. The stands from middle- and higher-elevation sites, however, contained all three SAP types in different proportions, whereby in one case the assumption of an artificial regeneration with low elevation types was supported. For another enzyme gene locus (GRD-A), a comparison between healthy trees and such damaged by air pollution showed that certain heterozygotes occur more frequently among the healthy trees, which surprisingly well confirms the results from earlier studies on younger spruce stands and fumigated clone material. In general, the results of this study indicate possibilities of evaluating the indigenous character of high-elevation stands, which should be of value especially for silvicultural and gene conservation measures.

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Herrn Prof.H. Schmidt-Vogt zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Glomalin‐Related Soil Protein as Potential Indicators of Soil Quality in a Recuperation Gradient of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil     

Rafael L. F. Vasconcellos  Joice Andrade Bonfim  Dilmar Baretta  Elke J. B. N. Cardoso 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):325-334

This study aimed at surveying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) to understand their role as presumable biological indicators of soil quality in an undisturbed forest site (NT) and three sites with different management histories, soil textures, and different ages of recovery after reforestation for 20 (R20), 10 (R10) and 5 years (R05). Our objective was to determine how physical, chemical and microbiological soil attributes influence AMF species distribution, total‐GRSP (T‐GRSP) and easily extractable‐GRSP (EE‐GRSP). Glomus and Acaulospora were related to impacted sites, Gigaspora rosea to sites R10 and R20 that have different management histories and soil textures and Glomus geosporum to sites NT and R10, suggesting some influence of texture on its distribution. Scutellospora pellucida and other species were found only in one season. Correlations between EE‐GRSP and T‐GRSP on the one hand and total carbon and nitrogen, dehydrogenase and urease activity, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, on the other, reached values of 40–70% and were especially strong in summer. Soil bulk density had a negative and macroporosity a positive effect only on EE‐GRSP, suggesting the necessity to choose either EE‐GRSP or T‐GRSP as biological indicator depending on the soil characteristics and management. This study demonstrates the effect of recovery age, seasonality and other soil attributes on AMF and GRSP distribution and shows that these biological attributes may be used as indicators of soil quality in the Atlantic forest in Brazil. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Cultivar-dependent cell wall modification of strawberry fruit under NaCl salinity stress     

Keutgen AJ  Pawelzik E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7580-7585

Strawberry cultivars differ in their sensitivity to NaCl; fruits of cv. Elsanta suffer from softening, whereas those of cv. Korona retain their firmness. The mean fruit fresh weight is reduced in cv. Elsanta up to 46% and in cv. Korona up to 26%. Cell walls of fruits grown under 0, 40, or 80 mmol/L NaCl were extracted and analyzed. In fruits of cv. Korona, the content of the alcohol-insoluble residue remained comparatively stable as salt levels increased but was reduced in cv. Elsanta. The water-soluble pectin fraction was not affected in cv. Korona, but the content of low methoxy pectinates increased significantly, indicative of the generation of calcium and magnesium bridges that stabilize pectin polysaccharides of cell walls. In cv. Elsanta, the content of water-soluble pectin rose, indicating pectin solubilization. For both cultivars, the significant negative correlation of fruit Cl(-) contents with the contents of NaOH-soluble pectinates, when expressed per fruit fresh mass, indicated that covalently bound pectic substances were degraded. Especially the response of cv. Elsanta is in line with the general observation that severe osmotic stress results in slower cell expansion and weaker cell walls.  相似文献   

Quantification of milk fat in chocolate fats by triacylglycerol analysis using gas-liquid chromatography     

Buchgraber M  Androni S  Anklam E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3275-3283

The development and in-house testing of a method for the quantification of milk fat in chocolate fats is described. A database consisting of the triacylglycerol profiles of 310 genuine milk fat samples from 21 European countries and 947 mixtures thereof with chocolate fats was created under a strict quality control scheme using 26 triacylglycerol reference standards for calibration purposes. Out of the individual triacylglycerol fractions obtained, 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-butyroyl-glycerol (PSB) was selected as suitable marker compound for the determination of the proportion of milk fat in chocolate fats. By using PSB values from the standardized database, a calibration function using simple linear regression analysis was calculated to be used for future estimations of the milk fat content. A comparison with the widely used butyric acid method, which is currently used to determine the milk fat content in nonmilk fat mixtures, showed that both methods were equivalent in terms of accuracy. The advantage of the presented approach is that for further applications, i.e., determination of foreign fats in chocolate fats, just a single analysis is necessary, whereas for the same purpose, the C4 method requires two different analytical methods.  相似文献