TSE detected in a Belgian ARR-homozygous sheep via active surveillance     

De Bosschere H  Roels S  Dechamps P  Vanopdenbosch E 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(2):449-451

It is commonly accepted that scrapie-resistance and -susceptibility in sheep are genetically controlled. Consequently, the selection of sheep with scrapie-resistant genotypes is currently one of the most important objectives of the sheep breeding associations. However, during the last two years, new data have become available on transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) cases in TSE-resistant sheep in several European Union member states. The present paper describes the first Belgian natural "atypical" TSE case in a sheep with a scrapie-resistant genotype (ARR/ARR) detected via active surveillance. No other infections or diseases were detected in the source flock. The continued finding of new "atypical" TSE cases in sheep with scrapie-resistant genotypes undermines the purpose and efficacy of the breeding programs.  相似文献   

Nematode dermatitis due to Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Paola Cavana  Emmanuel Bensignor  Stéphane Blot  Marine Carlus  René Chermette  Odile Crosaz  Felix Grimm  Murielle Hurion  Aurélien Jeandel  Bruno Polack 《Veterinary dermatology》2015,26(4):293-e65

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Seed morphological characteristics,storage behavior,and germination pattern of Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps     

Gentallan  Renerio P.  Bartolome  Michael Cedric B.  Cejalvo  Reneliza D.  Timog  Emmanuel Bonifacio S.  Altoveros  Nestor C.  Borromeo  Teresita H.  Endonela  Leah E. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(7):2767-2773

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps seeds have anthelmintic properties and are recognized to be medicinal; however, the array of their morphological characters,...  相似文献   

Comment: Pilot-Scale Test for a Phosphate Treatment Using Sulfate-Coated Zeolite at a Sewage Disposal Facility by Jae-Woo Choi,Kyu-Sang Kwon,Soonjae Lee,Byungryul An,Seok-Won Hong,Sang-Hyup Lee     

Emmanuel I. Unuabonah  Nurudeen A. Oladoja 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(6):1-2

The article, Pilot-Scale Test for a Phosphate Treatment Using Sulfate-Coated Zeolite at a Sewage Disposal Facility by Jae-Woo Choi, Kyu-Sang Kwon, Soonjae Lee, Byungryul An, Seok-Won Hong, Sang-Hyup Lee, is replete with some fundamental scientific flaws which have the potential to misinform readers. This comment seek to correct these flaws.  相似文献   

In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), post-anthesis nitrogen uptake and remobilisation to the grain correlates with agronomic traits and nitrogen physiological markers     

Thomas Kichey  Bertrand Hirel  Emmanuel Heumez  Frédéric Dubois  Jacques Le Gouis 《Field Crops Research》2007

In wheat, nitrogen (N) uptake and remobilisation after flowering contributes largely, in Northern countries, to grain yield and grain protein content. The aim of our study was first to estimate the proportion of N taken up and remobilised to the grain as well as their relative efficiency using ¹⁵NO₃⁻-labelling at flowering. The validity of the technique was assessed in comparison to the N budget calculation method on five winter wheat cultivars grown for 2 years at low and high fertilization input. We estimated that on average 71.2% of grain N originates from remobilisation with significant genotypic differences. Among the five genotypes, significant differences were also found for both N remobilisation efficiency (from 69.8 to 88.8%) and N translocation efficiency (from 89.7 to 93.4%). In parallel, during 1 year, we monitored physiological markers representative of N assimilation and recycling at two sampling dates during the grain filling period. We then examined if there was any relationship between these physiological markers, N absorption and remobilisation estimates and agronomic traits related to yield and grain N content. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was highly correlated to N absorbed post-flowering and to grain protein content. Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was even more highly correlated than NR activity to the amount of N remobilised and grain yield. The use of physiological traits such as NR and GS activities as markers of the wheat N status is discussed.  相似文献   

Kinetics of microbial phosphorus uptake in cultivated soils   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Fritz Oehl  Astrid Oberson  Mirjam Probst  Andreas Fliessbach  Hans-Rudolf Roth  Emmanuel Frossard 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2001,34(1):31-41

Knowledge about the role of microorganisms in P cycling at conditions of constant soil respiration rates and constant size of microbially bound P is lacking. To study the kinetics of microbial P uptake and cycling under such conditions, soils differing in biological activity were ³³PO₄ labelled by introducing a carrier-free tracer solution and incubated for 56 days. The ³³PO₄ incorporation into the fraction of microbial P releasable by chloroform treatment (P_chl) was assessed and the isotopic composition [=specific activity (SA); SA=³³PO₄/³¹PO₄] of P_chl and soil solution P compared. Soils were taken from a 20-year-old field experiment including a non-fertilised control (NON), a minerally fertilised conventional (MIN) and two organic farming systems [bio-organic (ORG); bio-dynamic (DYN)]. Tracer P incorporation continuously increased during incubation in DYN, ORG and MIN soils. It decreased in the order DYN>ORG>MIN, with differences in ³³PO₄ uptake between the farming systems being higher than suggested by the differences in the amount of P_chl. In the P-deficient NON soil, the highest initial incorporation of tracer P was found, but no additional uptake could be detected thereafter. In all soils, the SA of P_chl converged to the SA of the soil solution with increasing time. Since P_chl remained almost constant during the experiment, the findings suggest an intensive uptake of P from the soil solution into P_chl and concomitant release of P back to the soil solution and, thus, a rapid cycling through P_chl. Intensive P cycling between P_chl and the soil solution was confirmed in an additional experiment where microbial activity was stimulated by glucose and N additions.  相似文献   

Phosphorus desorption and isotope exchange kinetics in agricultural soils     

Sabina Braun  Timothy I. McLaren  Emmanuel Frossard  J. R. Marius Tuyishime  Gunnar Börjesson  Jon Petter Gustafsson 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):515-527

To improve phosphorus (P) fertilization and environmental assessments, a better understanding of release kinetics of solid-phase P to soil solution is needed. In this study, Fe (hydr)oxide-coated filter papers (Fh papers), isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) and chemical extractions were used to assess the sizes of fast and slowly desorbing P pools in the soils of six long-term Swedish field experiments. The P desorption data from the Fh-paper extraction of soil (20 days of continual P removal) were fitted with the Lookman two-compartment desorption model, which estimates the pools of fast (Q₁) and slowly (Q₂) desorbing P, and their desorption rates k₁ and k₂. The amounts of isotope-exchangeable P (E) were calculated (E_1min to E_{>3 months}) and compared with Q₁ and Q₂. The strongest relationship was found between E_{1 min} and Q₁ (r² = .87, p < .01). There was also an inverse relationship between the IEK parameter n (the rate of exchange) and k₁ (r² = .52, p < .01) and k₂ (r² = .52, p < .01), suggesting that a soil with a high value of n desorbs less P per time unit. The relationships between these results show that they deliver similar information, but both methods are hard to implement in routine analysis. However, Olsen-extractable P was similar in magnitude to Q₁ (P-Olsen = 1.1 × Q₁ + 2.3, r² = .96), n and k₁ were related to P-Olsen/P-CaCl₂, while k₂ was related to P-oxalate/P-Olsen. Therefore, these extractions can be used to estimate the sizes and desorption rates of the different P pools, which could be important for assessments of plant availability and leaching.  相似文献   

Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Caulerpa mexicana suppress cell migration and ear edema induced by inflammatory agents     

Bitencourt MA  Dantas GR  Lira DP  Barbosa-Filho JM  de Miranda GE  Santos BV  Souto JT 《Marine drugs》2011,9(8):1332-1345

The regulation of the inflammatory response is essential to maintaining homeostasis. Several studies have investigated new drugs that may contribute to avoiding or minimizing excessive inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of green algae Caulerpa mexicana on models inflammation. In mice, the inflammatory peritonitis model is induced by zymosan. Previous treatment of mice with aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. mexicana was able to suppress the cell migration to the peritoneal cavity, in a time-dependent but not in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of mice with C. mexicana extracts also decreased the xylene-induced ear edema, exerting strong inhibitory leukocyte migration elicited by zymosan into the air pouch. We concluded that administration of the extracts resulted in a reduction of cell migration to different sites as well as a decrease in edema formation induced by chemical irritants. This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts from the green marine algae Caulerpa mexicana.  相似文献   

A decade of non-sorted solid urban wastes inputs safely increases sorghum yield in periurban areas of Burkina Faso     

Delwendé Innocent Kiba  François Lompo  Emmanuel Compaore  Lalajaona Randriamanantsoa  Papaoba Michel Sedogo  Emmanuel Frossard 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):59-69

Abstract

Non-sorted solid urban wastes (SUW) are used by periurban cereal farmers in Africa. There is however limited information on how these SUW affect soil quality and cereal production and quality. In order to answer this question we identified around Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) sites cultivated with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) that had received SUW for less than 5 years, for more than 5 years and less than 10 years and for more than 10 years. We sampled soils at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depth and we analysed pH, total carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and inorganic phosphate (P) content and P and heavy metals availability. We also measured at some of these sites sorghum production and nutrient and metal contents in sorghum grain and straw. Our results show that the 0–15 cm horizon of the soils that had received SUW for less than 5 years had lower pH, available P and heavy metals contents and produced lower yields than those that had been amended with SUW for more than 10 years. Maximum grain yield was observed in the sites that had been amended for more than 5 years but less than 10 years. There were no clear effects of SUW application time on the heavy metal contents of sorghum grain and straw. The increases in nutrient and heavy metals content observed in the 15–30 cm horizon of soils that had been amended for more than 10 years point out to the risks of element transfer to deeper horizons. Our results suggest that a complete sorting of organic matter from SUW and its further composting as presently recommended, is not necessary. Simply removing dangerous items from the SUW such as plastics, glass and batteries, would be sufficient. Adding this sorted substrate for 5 to 10 years to cereal fields would be sufficient to reach optimal yields, thereafter this substrate should be added to other surfaces.  相似文献   

Perception of the Influence of Home Videos on Youth Farmers in Makurdi,Nigeria     

Emmanuel Chukwunyem Odiaka 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(4):337-346

This study examined the effects of home video on youth farmers. Data collected from 175 randomly selected farmers in Makurdi using a structured questionnaire showed 84.6% watch at least once a week; 77.1% watch between 4–10 p.m. Farming is portrayed as tedious and unprofitable. The effects are reduced interest in farming (90.3%), rural-urban migration (66.9%), and abandonment (57.1%). The chi-square test showed significant influence of home videos on male youth farmers (χ² Cal = 102.14 ≥ χ Tab = 3.84, p =.05). The study recommends collaboration between food stakeholders and moviemakers to inject positive agricultural messages to stimulate interest among youth farmers for improved agricultural production and sustainability.  相似文献