Using 12 years of data from the common grazing areas at Store Vildmose on the incidence of foot rot in cattle, it was shown that the disease incidence varied significantly between the sections in which the animals were grazing. Differences also existed between breeds in their foot rot incidence. Extraordinarily wet summers were noted to influence foot rot in cattle, and a possible effect of soil pH was also observed.Key words: foot rot, cattle, incidence, epidemiology, breed differences, climatic factors, lameness相似文献
The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) among clinical status groups of 23 dogs with chronic heart failure was compared at various times after diagnosis of the problem. Eighteen dogs admitted in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV clinical status had significant elevations in PAC (P<0.0001), when compared with clinically normal dogs. Five dogs admitted in NYHA class III status and 4 dogs that responded with a change to NYHA class III status had significant elevations in PAC (P<0.01), when compared with clinically normal dogs. In patients with NYHA class IV status, the PAC was significantly greater (P<0.01) than in patients in NYHA class III status. For patients with the poorest prognosis, ie, severe signs of NYHA class IV status, the PAC was not markedly different, when compared with that for patients with a favorable prognosis, ie, recent onset of signs of NYHA class IV status. Patients treated with captopril had significantly lower PAC after therapy (P<0.01), whereas patients treated with hydralazine had significantly higher PAC (P<0.05) after therapy. It was concluded that heart failure in the dog increases PAC, most likely because of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system activation, and that the increase is related directly to the clinical status of the patient. Further, it was concluded that treatment of dogs in heart failure with captopril causes a decrease in circulating PAC, whereas treatment with hydralazine causes an increase in circulating PAC. 相似文献
1. Broilers were fed on wheat‐casein or wheat‐soyabean meal diets and the excreta collected after 12 and 24 h. Samples of excreta were freeze dried or dried in a force draught oven at 60 or 80 °C.
2. Drying procedure and collection time significantly influenced the determined energy and nitrogen concentrations of the excreta.
3. Drying excreta in an oven at 60 °G proved at least as effective as freeze drying for the majority of amino acids. 相似文献
Day-old broilers or specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated intranasally with approximately 1 X 10(8) organisms of eight different field isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis. Major differences in the pathogenicity of isolates and their ability to colonize the trachea were found. Only two isolates (Wilson and Lockamy) produced mild clinical signs of respiratory disease ("snicking," dyspnea). The same two also colonized the respiratory tract, especially the trachea, in large numbers; they persisted for 31 days. Of the remaining six isolates, five were also able to colonize the respiratory tract but did so to a lesser degree and less persistently, without causing clinical signs. Only one isolate (CS) was incapable of becoming established in the respiratory tract of chicks after intranasal inoculation. 相似文献
1. Four rearing temperature regimes (15, 20, 25, 30 °C) and three feeding schedules (ad libitum, restricting to the ad libitum intake of the 12th week and feeding 70% of this rate) were carried out with layer replacement pullets to 170 d of age. From this age, during lay, birds were kept at either 21 °C or on a 24‐h cycle of 21 for 18 h and 28 °C for the 6 h before lights out. Both a white and a brown egg‐laying strain were used.
2. Body weight at 169 d of age varied from, on average, 1409 g (15 °C, ad libitum) to 943 g (30 °C, 70% schedule) for the white strain and 1947 to 1250 g for the same treatments respectively for the brown strain. Sexual maturity was considerably delayed by the 70% feeding schedule, only slightly by rearing at 30 °C.
3. Rearing at 30 °C tended to depress subsequent egg output. The 70% feeding schedule at least maintained egg output compared with birds fed ad libitum in rearing.
4. There was a highly significant effect of temperature treatment during lay on food intake. The reduction in food intake due to the 21–28 °C cycle, however, appeared small. 相似文献
1. Proteolytic and amylase activities were assayed in the gut contents of germ‐free and conventional chickens aged 3 and 14 d.
2. The tendency was for the proteolytic activity to be increased and the amylase activity to be decreased in conventional chicks. These differences were statistically significant in the caecum.
3. All of the additional proteolytic activity detectable in the caecum of conventional chicks was inhibited by soyabean trypsin inhibitor. However, the increased activity was not detectable in the small intestine and was, therefore, not due to pancreatic trypsin.
4. Attempts to demonstrate in vitro bacterial production of a trypsin‐like enzyme were unsuccessful. 相似文献
1. When a solution of ferric ammonium sulphate was added to shell membranes of the domestic fowl, iron infiltrated the mantle (cortex) surrounding the cores of the individual fibres of the membranes.
2. Contraction of warm eggs in ice‐cold colloidal iron caused flooding of pore canals and contamination of the underlying shell membranes with this element.
3. Appreciable contamination of the inner shell membrane with iron persisted for 25 d in infertile eggs stored at 37.5 °C. 相似文献
In a study of susceptibilities of sows from 2 herds to experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis, a marked difference was seen. The "susceptible" sows were from a conventional herd and "resistant" sows were from a specific-pathogen-free herd. The purpose of the study was to determine whether deficient neutrophil function was associated with increased susceptibility to E coli-induced mastitis. Four in vitro procedures were used to evaluate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and (iv) iodination. After parturition and intramammary inoculation with E coli, sows from the susceptible herd were neutropenic and the neutrophils which were present in the peripheral blood had reduced function. Specifically, there were depressed random migration under agarose, S aureus ingestion, and iodination when compared with PMN function in resistant sows. These data indicate that susceptibility to E coli mastitis was associated with deficiencies in PMN numbers and function. Potential causes of the neutrophil dysfunction are discussed and include possible systemic hormonal aberrations or the presence of an inapparent viral or bacterial infection. 相似文献
1. A 31P topical magnetic resonance study of whole chicken's eggs in vivo is described.
2. Resonances from adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and phosphorous storage protein were observed. These changed in relative intensity as the embryo developed.
3. No ill effects due to exposure to radiofrequency radiation or magnetic fields were observed.
4. It is concluded that topical magnetic resonance can make a useful contribution to the study of embryonic development in avian eggs. 相似文献
1. — Changes in egg weight and egg‐shell porosity with flock age and season are presented for domestic duck flocks in their first laying cycle.
2. — The first eggs laid are of low weight and shell porosity but generally by the fifth week of lay both characteristics have increased to the values found in the mature flock.
3. —For mature flocks porosity decreases in the summer and the consequences of this are considered in relation to the observed decrease in hatch‐ability at this time. 相似文献
