新时代土壤化学前沿进展与展望   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李芳柏  徐仁扣  谭文峰  周顺桂  刘同旭  石振清  方利平  刘承帅  刘芳华  李晓敏  冯雄汉  吴云当 《土壤学报》2020,57(5):1088-1104

土壤化学是重要的土壤学基础分支学科。在回顾了土壤化学发展历程的基础上,梳理了土壤化学的四个前沿交叉方向,并展望了土壤化学与其他相关学科的交叉发展趋势,以期寻求新的学科增长点。土壤化学经历了从恒电荷到可变电荷土壤学说演变,我国在土壤电化学、根际土壤化学、土壤化学-物理-微生物界面反应等方向逐步领跑。新时代中国已经发展成为国际土壤化学的研究中心之一,尤其在土壤化学与微生物学、地球化学、矿物学、环境化学等交叉领域取得了突破性发展。同时,发展并运用同步辐射、微流控联用光谱能谱、高分辨显微镜、光谱电化学等实时、原位、高精度研究方法,推动土壤化学研究取得了长足的进步。新时代的土壤化学具有三个重要发展趋势,首先系统揭示地球表层系统中物质循环与能量交换的土壤化学机制,实现"0到1"的土壤化学原创性成果的突破;其次需要综合运用地球表层系统理论,从多界面、多要素、多过程的"三多"交互耦合;再次,需要加强与地球宜居性这一人类重大命题的交叉融合,为生态文明建设、土壤污染防治攻坚战、全球变化等国家重大需求提供理论支持。  相似文献   

我国猕猴桃产业发展现状及对策建议     

齐秀娟  郭丹丹  王然  钟云鹏  方金豹 《果树学报》2020,(5):754-763

近年来我国猕猴桃产业发展迅速,产业发展潜力很大,但由于起步较晚、主导品种不明确、管理技术体系落后、质量标准体系不完善等原因,仍然存在诸多问题。主要问题包括(:1)尽管采收面积和产量均位居世界第一位,但单位面积产量低,而且生产总量占水果总量的比例仍然很小(;2)果实品质较差,进口单价始终高于出口单价,进出口贸易逆差明显。笔者通过对国内外猕猴桃生产、贸易数据的统计分析和产业调研,总结产业发展现状,梳理出我国猕猴桃产业存在的主要问题,并分析产生的原因,为促进我国猕猴桃产业健康发展提出对策及建议。  相似文献   

Transplantation of human amnion epithelial cells improves learning and memory function in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology rat model     

DONG Shi-tao  FANG Ning  HU Long-miao  CHEN Dai-xiong  ZHAO Chun-hua 《园艺学报》2015,31(11):2039-2046

AIM: To observe the treatment effect and its immune regulation of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology rat model. METHODS: The hAECs were isolated from amnion with trypsin digestion, and the phenotype of hAECs was analyzed by flow cytometry. SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham control group, model group, medium group and hAECs group. AD-like pathology rat model was induced by bilateral intraventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). hAECs (5×10⁵) were injected into the hippocampus of the AD-like pathology rats. At 2 weeks after transplantation, the animals were tested by Morris water maze to observe the function of learning and memory. The pathological change of the brain was observed by HE staining. The expression of amyloid β-protein 42(Aβ42) and Tau protein and the level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the injury brain were determined by immunohistochemistry. The survival and differentiation of hAECs in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescent technique. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The contents of serum cytokines were detected by cytometric bead array. RESULTS: Compared with model group and medium group, hAECs group showed shortened escape latency (P<0.01), increased frequency of going through the platform (P<0.05), reduced loss of hippocampal neurons, decreased expression of Tau protein and Aβ42 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), increased ACh level in the hippocampus (P<0.05), decreased percentages of Th1 and Th17 subsets, increased percentages of Th2 and Treg cells (P<0.05), decreased concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the serum, and increased concentration of IL-4(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: hAECs improve the cognitive learning and memory function and alleviate pathologic damage of hippocampus through immune regulation in AD-like pathology rats.  相似文献   

基于加权Voronoi图的林木竞争指数   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李际平  房晓娜  封尧  孙华  曹小玉  赵春燕  李建军 《北京林业大学学报》2015,37(3):61-68

以福寿山林场25年生的杉木生态公益林为研究对象,通过分析林木竞争指数与胸径生长因子的相关关系,得出二者为负相关,从而确定加权Voronoi图的权重为胸径倒数(W),借助Arcgis软件里的加权Voronoi图工具,通过加权Voronoi图的方法来确定竞争单元,提出基于加权Voronoi图的W_V_Hegyi竞争指数,最后将W_V_Hegyi竞争指数与Hegyi、V_Hegyi竞争指数进行对比分析,结果表明:1) 3种竞争指数与胸径相关性强弱排序为:W_V_HegyiV_HegyiHegyi;2) 3种竞争指数与胸径服从幂函数关系,曲线拟合度排序为:W_V_HegyiV_HegyiHegyi;3) 样地竞争指数平均值排序均为:V_HegyiW_V_HegyiHegyi。通过以上比较分析证明,W_V_Hegyi竞争指数比Hegyi、V_Hegyi竞争指数能更准确地反映林木间的竞争关系。   相似文献   

福建产业发展现状及前景     

姜翠翠  孙文鹏  叶新福  方智振  周丹蓉  潘少霖 《福建果树》2015,(2):33-38

(Prunus salicina Lindli.var cordata J.Y.Zhang et al.)属蔷薇科(Rosaceae),李属(Prunus),是原产福建的名、特、优水果之一,果桃形李实,酸甜适度,风味极佳,是南方的1种重要落叶果树。本文分析了福建省产业发展现状趋势,包括各市种植区域、面积和产量等,阐述了产业发展的具体优势,明确了福建省生产现状,为福建省今后发展种植提供参考价值。  相似文献   

Study on Anti-viral Effect of Rhubarb on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in vitro     

CHEN Tian-tian  CHENG Fu-liang  ZHANG Jian-mei  NIE Zhao-jing  FANG Dong  FAN Mei-na  LI Fu-hui  CHENG He-gang 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(9):2474-2480

The inhibitory effects of rhubarb on cell lesion, which was caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and its mechanism had been studied in this research.The maximum safe concentration of rhubarb solution applied to Vero cells was determined through morphological observation, and then the PEDV infected Vero cell model in vitro was established, by which the inhibitory effect of rhubarb on virus was studied.The experimental method had also been established based on this cell model.The result showed that the maximum safe concentration was 3.28 mg/mL.Both morphological observation and MTT assay were indicated that rhubarb could not only block the attachment of the virus to Vero cell and inhibit the synthesis and reproduction of the virus, but also could directly inactivate the virus.This research showed that rhubarb had an inhibitory effect on PEDV, and provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of clinical porcine epidemic diarrhea.  相似文献   

彩叶矾根幼苗形态生理特性变化及耐阴性综合评价     

许红娟  陈之林  罗孝明  杨澜  石乐娟  张朝君 《北方园艺》2017,(15)

以"巧克力纱""银色卷轴""教堂窗户""李子布丁""拼图""红宝石""海浪""紫晶""侃侃""红卷毛""天鹅绒""黑暗之星"12个不同矾根品种为试材,采用形态生长指标和生理生化指标测定及方差和隶属函数值的分析方法,研究了弱光环境对不同彩叶矾根品种在贵州耐阴能力强弱的影响,以期为矾根在西南地区园林景观布置提供依据。结果表明:在弱光环境下,"李子布丁""海浪"的幼苗生长前期表现出较强的耐阴特性;这些矾根品种耐阴能力大小依次为"天鹅绒""教堂窗户""李子布丁""银色卷轴""拼图""海浪""巧克力纱""红宝石""紫晶""侃侃""红卷毛""黑暗之星"。  相似文献   

草类植物抗病机制研究进展     

张彩霞  方香玲 《草业学报》2023,32(1):203-215

草类植物病害是限制草牧业生产和发展的主要因素之一。目前抗病品种的开发利用是目前防治病害最经济有效的方法，植物抗病机制的研究对开发抗病品种和构建生态环境友好型病害防治至关重要。植物受病原菌侵染时形成多种复杂的防御机制，本研究主要从植物组织结构抗性、生理生化抗性、抗性基因和抗性数量性状位点（QTLs）定位等分子机制方面综述草类植物抗病机制研究进展，并提出我国草类植物抗病机制研究中面临的主要问题与解决办法，以期为草类植物抗病育种提供理论依据。  相似文献   

稳定性肥料发展与展望   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  

武志杰  石元亮  李东坡  卢宗云  魏占波  张丽莉  宫平  王玲莉  房娜娜  李杰  李忠  薛妍  宋玉超 《植物营养与肥料学报》2017,23(6):1614-1621

稳定性肥料的核心是脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂，是指在肥料的生产过程中添加脲酶抑制剂或硝化抑制剂，或者同时添加两种抑制剂的肥料。其良好的农学效应和环境效益为实现农业节本增效提供重要途径。近年来稳定性肥料在基础科研和生产应用领域均发展较快，本文对国内外相关研究进行系统总结，并指出未来的发展方向。首先，回顾了抑制剂的研发、作用机理等方面的进展；其次，概述了稳定性肥料的品种、生产工艺、产能及推广应用情况；最后，对稳定性肥料应用后的作物产量和环境效应进行了阐述。为了促进稳定性肥料产业的健康持续发展，未来需要进一步加强环境友好型抑制剂品种的研发；重视抑制剂保护技术的研究，以解决抑制剂作用效果持久性和稳定性的问题；加强不同抑制剂配伍协同，抑制剂与增效剂复合作用机理与技术的研究；研究开发针对不同区域、不同作物的稳定性专用肥料。  相似文献   

当代中国式现代企业管理学的建构——《邓小平企业管理思想研究》评介     

方章东 《安徽农业大学学报》2011,(3):138-140

  相似文献