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Hayward Nicholas J. McDougall Gordon J. Farag Sara Allwood J. William Austin Ceri Campbell Fiona Horgan Graham Ranawana Viren 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(4):544-552
Despite considerable research the evidence around the antidiabetic properties of cinnamon remains equivocal, and this may be due to varietal differences which is an aspect that is understudied. This study systematically compared the anti-hyperglycaemic properties of the four major commercial cinnamon types used around the world (Chinese; Cinnamomum cassia [CC], Indonesian; C. burmanii [IC], Vietnamese; C. loureirii [VC], and Ceylon; C. zeylanicum [SC]). LC-MS analysis showed distinct diffrences in the phytochemical profiles of cinnamon with SC showing the lowest coumarin concentration. CC and IC had the highest polyphenol levels and antioxidant potential, and all four types differed significantly in their content (P?<?0.001). All cinnamon types showed potent species-specific effects on starch digestion enzyme activity inhibition (P?<?0.001), CC was most effective against α-amylase and all four strongly inhibited α-glucosidase compared to acarbose. Cinnamon significantly reduced starch breakdown during oral (P?=?0.006) and gastric (P?=?0.029) phases of gastro-intestinal digestion with IC and SC showing consistent effects. No effects of cinnamon were seen in the intestinal phase. IC, VC and SC showed the greatest potential to inhibit formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) during digestion. In conclusion, cinnamon demonstrates anti-hyperglycaemic properties, however effects are species-specific with best overall properties seen for Ceylon cinnamon.
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Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiteratogenic role of ginger Zingiber officinale polyphenols against the toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or lead in female albino rats were investigated. Adult virgin females were divided into 8 groups and were orally treated as follow: control (C), 1% w/w of ginger (G), 120 μg/animal lead as lead acetate (L), 10 mg/kg of fenitrothion (F), lead (120 μg/animal) fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (LF), ginger (1%w/w) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GF), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) (GL), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GLF). Treatments were expanded for 28 days before pregnancy and during gestation period from zero to 6th day. Blood samples were taken at the day 20th of gestation and animals were sacrificed to investigate the effect of tested substances on dams and development of their fetuses. Inhibition in AchE in (F) and (LF) groups and elevation in plasma AchE in (L) groups were observed. Elevation in oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) was recorded in all intoxicated groups concomitants with reduction in total reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Elevation in liver function biomarkers alanin amintransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and reduction in plasma total protein and albumin were recorded in (F), (L) and (LF). Supplementation with ginger in diet attenuates the alteration in MDA, GSH, GST, ALT and AST, however, it failed to counteract the effect of F, L and LF on AchE, total protein and albumin. Significant alterations in maternal toxicity were recorded in (GF, GL, LF and GLF) compared with control group. Also, parameters of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity indicated significant decrease in litter number that observed in F and L and the number of dead fetus/dam and litters number increased in L group. Supplementation with ginger decreased each of the number of died fetus, growth retardation and fetal length, while, it increased fetal weight. As regards to, teratological aspects, the percentage of skeletal malformations and visceral anomalies were observed in all feti obtained from treated groups with different percentages. Supplementation with ginger slightly attenuates the developmental toxicity of fenitrothion and/or lead. 相似文献
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Contents: Blood samples were collected from 50 normal male and female goats belonging to five Egyptian breeds, and also from 22 sterile females. Leukocyte cultures were set up and chromosomal preparations were made. The karyotype of the goats examined was identical with that reported in the literature for foreign breeds, consisting of 58 acrocentric autosomes, a large, acro centric X and a small, metacentric Y chromosome. All acrocentric chromosomes had well defined C-bands, while the Y chromosome was uniformly dark. Chromosomal aberrations were infrequent in the normal animals, except in one male which had a high rate of polyploidy. There were no significant differences in cytological aberrations between breeds and sexes, except for polyploidy, which was caused by the one aberrant male with high polyploidy. The 22 sterile females were composed of 14 individuals which displayed XX/XY mosaicism and eight animals with only XX leukocytes. Among the 14 mosaics, 10 animals were intersexes, one displayed blind halves of the udder, and three were morphologically normal females. The eight sterile XX females were morphologically normal. Chromosomal aberrations were higher in sterile females than in fertile females. Sterile XX females had more aberrations than XX/XY mosaics. The aberrations consisted of chromatid breaks, centric fusion, chromosome and chromatid gaps and peridiploidy, in that order of significance. Concluding, the present study adds evidence for a link between sterility and chromosomal aberration. The high incidence of intersexuality associated with XX/XY mosaicism in polled goats warrants further study. Inhalt: ZTtogenetische Studien an fünf ägyptischen Ziegenrassen Von 50 normalen Ziegen fünf ägyptischer Rassen und von 22 unfruchtbaren Tieren wurden Blutproben gewonnen und Leukozytenkulturen und Chromosompräparationen angefertigt. Der untersuchte Karyotyp der Ziegen entsprach dem in der Literatur von ausländischen Rassen berichteten und besteht aus 58 akrozentrischen Autosomen, einem groβen akrozentrischen X- und einem kleinen metazentrischen Y-Chromosom. Alle akroxentrischen Chromosomen haben klar definierte C-Bänderung, während das Y-Chromosom einheitlich dunkel ist. Chromosomale Abweichungen sind in normalen Tieren selten, nur ein Bock hatte eine hohe Polyploidierate. Signifikante Unterschiede in zytologischen Abweichungen konnten zwischen Rassen und Geschlechtem nicht festgestellt werden, mit Ausnahme der Polyploidie des genannten Bockes. Unter 22 sterilen Ziegen waren 14 mit XX/XY-Mosaik und 8 XX-Tiere. Unter den 14 Mosaiken waren 10 Intersexe, ein Tier hatte eine blinde Euterhälfte und drei waren morphologisch normal. Die 8 unfruchtbaren XX-Ziegen waren morphologisch normal. Chromosomale Aberrationen waren in sterilen Ziegen höher als in fruchtbaren Tieren, die sterilen XX-Ziegen hatten mehr Abweichungen als die Ziegen mit XX/XY-Mosaiken. Die Aberrationen bestanden in Chromatidbrüchen, zentrischen Fusionen, Chromosom- und Chromatidlücken und Peridiploidie, und zwar in dieser Reihenfolge. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, daß die gegenwärtigen Untersuchungen Hinweise für eine Verbindung zwischen Sterilität und chromosomalen Abweichungen liefert. Die gesteigerte Häufigkeit der Intersexualität in Verbindung mit XX/XY-Mosaiken in hornlosen Ziegen macht weitere Untersuchungen wünschenswert. 相似文献
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M D Farag 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2001,54(1):61-79
Raw seed kernels of local mango varieties (Magnifera indica L.) were analyzed for composition, levels of trypsin inhibitors, tannins, cyanogenetic glucosides, in vitro protein digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) as being effected by boiling, autoclaving as well as irradiation at 5, 10, 15, and 20 kGy. The air-dry mango seed kernels (MSK) contained CP 70 g kg-1, EE 128 g kg-1, and tannins 67 g kg-1. Compared with raw kernels the contents of trypsin inhibitory activity (30 TIU g-1) and cyanogenetic glucosides, measured as hydrocyanic acid (71 mg kg-1), were lowered by boiling, autoclaving and radiation treatments. Tannin content (67.2 g kg-1 in raw kernels) was decreased only by boiling or autoclaving, but irradiation did not introduce any effect. The low in vitro protein digestibility and AMEN values of raw MSK were enhanced by processing. The improvements were paralleled to reductions in trypsin inhibitory activity, cyanogenetic glucosides and tannin contents. Greater improvements were noticed with boiling and autoclaving than with irradiation alone. Autoclaving for 30 min plus irradiation treatment up to 20 kGy increased the in vitro protein digestibility and AMEN by 139% and 72%, respectively. These results indicate that tannins, trypsin inhibitors and cyanogenetic glucosides are responsible for the poor nutritive value of MSK. The effects of feeding 200 g kg-1 raw or processed MSK on the performance of broiler chicks were examined. The inclusion of raw kernel affected body weight gain and feed consumption, while weight gain of birds fed the autoclaved (30 min) plus irradiated (20 kGy) kernels was significantly more improved than by the other treatments. However, feed conversion ratio was not significantly different between groups fed the processed MSK. The results showed that the combination of autoclaving for 30 min plus irradiation up to 20 kGy upgraded the nutritive value more than the other tested treatments and that this method is most effective in processing MSK to be used as animal feed. 相似文献
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Kathleen M. Weatherall VMD Lindsey H. Boone DVM PhD DACVS-LA Fred J. Caldwell DVM MS DACVS DACVSMR Robert C. Cole DVM DACVR Russell C. Cattley VMD PhD DACVP FIATP Kara M. Lascola DVM MS DACVIM-LA CVA Stuart C. Clark-Price DVM MS DACVIM-LA DACVAA CVA Ramsis Farag PhD Edmon Perkins PhD R. Reid Hanson DVM DACVS DACVECC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(8):1580-1589
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Fayiz M. Reda Ismail E. Ismail Mohamed M. El-Mekkawy Mayada R. Farag Hemat K. Mahmoud Mahmoud Alagawany 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):196-203
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with some feed additives (potassium sorbate; Sor, hydrated sodium calcium almuniosilicate; Hsc and L-methionine; L-M) against aflatoxin B1 (AF) toxicity in rabbits. A total of 72 growing rabbits (5-week-old) were distributed into six equal groups (4 replicates with 3 rabbits each). The experimental groups are as follows: control group, AF group (supplemented with AF 0.3 mg/kg diet), AF + Sor group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + Sor 2 g/kg diet), AF + Hsc group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + Hsc 5 g/kg diet), AF + L-M group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + L-M 8 g/kg diet) and AF + Mix group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + 2 Sor + 5 Hsc + 8 L-M g/kg diet). Live body weight and weight gain at 13 weeks of age were significantly reduced by AF. Feed intake at 13 weeks of age was decreased in AF, AF + Hsc and AF + Mix compared to the control. AF, AF + Hsc and AF + Mix showed the lowest total antioxidant capacity compared to the control. The highest level of reactive oxygen species and 8-Hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine was observed in AF group. Using of other supplements with AF increased immunoglobulinM than AF alone. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Sor, L-M, Hsc or their mixture was effective in reducing the adverse effects of AF on performance, antioxidant and immune status of rabbits with more better improvement obtained by Sor or L-M separately. 相似文献
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M. S. Mohy Eldin M. H. Gouda M. E. Youssef Yehia M. S. El-Shazly H. A. Farag 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(11):1884-1897
In this study, an amidoxime-grafted cotton fabric ion exchanger was developed for methylene blue (MB) removal from wastewater. The ability of the amidoxime-grafted cotton fabrics to remove MB ions from an aqueous solution was investigated in equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies. Equilibrium data agreed well with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The result indicated that, based on the Langmuir coefficient, the maximum capacity (monolayer saturation at equilibrium) of the amidoxime-grafted cotton fabric was 22.27 mg/g. The kinetic data were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model, and intra-particle diffusion is the sole rate-controlling factor. Negative values of ΔG 0, ΔH 0, and ΔS 0 revealed the spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-driven nature of the process. 相似文献
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