Yield stability of faba bean lines under diverse broomrape prone production environments     

Fouad Maalouf  Shaaban KhalilSeid Ahmed  Akinnola N. AkintundeMohammed Kharrat  Khaled El Shama’aSamir Hajjar  Rajinder S. Malhotra 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(3):288-294

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the important pulse crops grown in many parts of the world. Its production and productivity are affected by different biotic and abiotic stresses. Broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) causes yield losses of 7- 80% in major faba bean growing countries mainly in the Mediterranean Basin and Nile Valley countries. Host plant resistance is found to be the most effective and economic method of broomrape control. Efforts made at the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas over many years to develop advanced breeding lines with acceptable resistance and tolerance levels to broomrape have resulted in the identification of several useful breeding lines. These lines were shared with National Agricultural Research Systems (Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia and Portugal) as part of the Faba Bean Orobanche International Nursery, in order to test their stability across three seasons (2005, 2006 and 2007). The results showed that Orobanche plant number, dry weight, Orobanche index, flowering date, maturing date and grain yield were significantly different among lines and locations. AMMI analysis showed that some lines derived from hybrid bulk populations “HBP/DS0/2000” and “HBP/ES0/2000” showed acceptable levels of yield stability in the presence of Orobanche infections across all environments compared with susceptible check. In highly infested soils, the tolerant and resistant lines gave acceptable levels of yield compared with the susceptible check. However, the yield potential of resistant and tolerant lines in non-infested soils was lower than the highly susceptible check.  相似文献   

Preparation of Chito-Oligomers by Hydrolysis of Chitosan in the Presence of Zeolite as Adsorbent     

Khalid A. Ibrahim  Bassam I. El-Eswed  Khaleel A. Abu-Sbeih  Tawfeeq A. Arafat  Mahmoud M. H. Al Omari  Fouad H. Darras  Adnan A. Badwan 《Marine drugs》2016,14(8)

An increasing interest has recently been shown to use chitin/chitosan oligomers (chito-oligomers) in medicine and food fields because they are not only water-soluble, nontoxic, and biocompatible materials, but they also exhibit numerous biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities, as well as immuno-enhancing effects on animals. Conventional depolymerization methods of chitosan to chito-oligomers are either chemical by acid-hydrolysis under harsh conditions or by enzymatic degradation. In this work, hydrolysis of chitosan to chito-oligomers has been achieved by applying adsorption-separation technique using diluted HCl in the presence of different types of zeolite as adsorbents. The chito-oligomers were retrieved from adsorbents and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and ninhydrin test.  相似文献   

A near infrared index to assess effects of soil texture and organic carbon content on soil water content     

I. Soltani  Y. Fouad  D. Michot  P. Brger  R. Dubois  C. Cudennec 《European Journal of Soil Science》2019,70(1):151-161

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Quantitative detection of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, using qPCR     

Fouad Mokrini  Lieven Waeyenberge  Nicole Viaene  Fouad Abbad Andaloussi  Maurice Moens 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(2):403-413

Pratylenchus penetrans is one of the most economically damaging plant-parasitic nematodes and is found on a wide variety of crops. Correct identification and quantification of this nematode are necessary for providing advice to farmers, but are not easily obtained with the traditional way of microscopic observation. We developed a qPCR assay to detect and quantify P. penetrans in a short but accurate manner. A qPCR primer set, including two primers and a TaqMan probe, was designed based on the sequence of the β-1,4-endoglucanase gene. The assay was optimized by using the primers in a qPCR assay with SYBR green I dye and setting the qPCR program to different annealing temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 64 °C. Based on the Ct-values, we retained the program with an annealing temperature of 63 °C. The assay with the probe was very sensitive as it was able to detect a single individual of P. penetrans, even when mixed with up to 80 individuals of P. thornei. The specificity of the reaction was confirmed by the lack of amplification of DNA from 28 populations of 18 other Pratylenchus species and from plant-parasitic nematodes from nine other genera. DNA from 21 different isolates from P. penetrans was amplified. DNA extraction from 80 individuals and quantification by qPCR was repeated four times; Ct-values showed consistent results (Ct?=?24.4?±?0.4). A dilution series from DNA of P. penetrans resulted in a standard curve showing a highly significant linearity between the Ct-values and the dilution rates (R²?=?0.99; slope?=??3.23; E?=?104 %). The tests showed a high correlation between the real numbers of nematodes and the numbers detected by the qPCR. The developed qPCR assay provides a sensitive means for the rapid detection and reliable quantification of individuals of this pest. This method does not require expertise in nematode taxonomy and morphology, and can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool in research, as well as in diagnostic labs and extension services advising farmers for pest management.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary barley inclusion and glucanase supplementation on the production performance,egg quality and digestive functions in laying ducks     

Wei Chen  Shuang Wang  Runsheng Xu  Weiguang Xia  Dong Ruan  Yanan Zhang  Khaled A.F. Mohammed  Mahmoud M.M. Azzam  Ahmed M. Fouad  Kaichao Li  Xuebing Huang  Shenglin Wang  Chuntian Zheng 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(1):176

This study evaluated the effects of barley inclusion and glucanase supplementation on the productive performance and digestive function in laying ducks. The experiment used a randomized design with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of 5 graded levels of barley (0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60%) with or without 1.5 g/kg β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (15,000 U/kg). During the experimental period of 120 d, the weight and total number of eggs within each pen were recorded daily, and egg quality was determined every 4 wk. At the end of the experiment, 3 randomly selected ducks within each replicate were sacrificed, then duodenal digesta and jejunal mucosa was collected. Dietary inclusion of barley had no effects on egg production, daily egg mass or FCR, but supplementation with glucanase improved egg production and FCR (P < 0.01). Barley did not affect feed intake of laying ducks, but glucanase tended to increase feed intake (P = 0.09). Neither barley nor β-glucanase had effects on the egg quality variables, except for yolk color score, which was decreased with increasing barley supplementation. Glucanase, but not barley, increased the activity of chymotrypsin and amylase in duodenal digesta. Barley inclusion affected the activity of alkaline phosphatase and maltase in jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), but β-glucanase had no effects on the activity of these brush border enzymes. Barley inclusion increased the glucan content in duodenal digesta, but supplementation of glucanase to barley-based diet reduced digesta glucan content and reduced total volatile fatty acids and increased the proportion of acetic acid in cecal contents. The results indicate that, without glucanase, the optimal dietary barley level in the diets of laying ducks is about 13% for maximal production performance; glucanase supplementation of the barley diets improved production performance, probably through enhancing digestive function.  相似文献   

Tryptophan in poultry nutrition: Impacts and mechanisms of action     

Ahmed Mohamed Fouad  HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey  Dong Ruan  Shuang Wang  Weiguang Xia  Chuntian Zheng 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(6):1146-1153

Many studies have shown that productivity, immune system, antioxidant status, and meat and egg quality can be optimized by dietary supplementation with amino acids that are not usually added to poultry diets. Understanding the effects of these amino acids may encourage feed manufacturers and poultry producers to include them as additives. One of these amino acids is tryptophan (Trp). The importance of Trp is directly related to its role in protein anabolism and indirectly related to its metabolites such as serotonin and melatonin. Thus, Trp could affect the secretion of hormones, development of immune organs, meat and egg production, and meat and egg quality in poultry raised under controlled or stressed conditions. Therefore, this review discusses the main roles of Trp in poultry production and its mode (s) of action in order to help poultry producers decide whether they need to add Trp to poultry diets. Further areas of research are also identified to address information gaps.  相似文献   

Study on prevalence and bacterial etiology of mastitis,and effects of subclinical mastitis and stage of lactation on SCC in dairy goats in Egypt     

Hussein  Hany A.  Fouad  Mohammed T.  Abd El-Razik  Khaled A.  Abo El-Maaty  Amal M.  D’Ambrosio  C.  Scaloni  A.  Gomaa  A. M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(6):3091-3097

Tropical Animal Health and Production - In Egypt, inadequate information on prevalence and epidemiology of caprine mastitis is available. This study was designed to investigate prevalence and...  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of two types of resistance in sunflower to Plasmopara halstedii, the causal agent of downy mildew     

Radwan O  Bouzidi MF  Mouzeyar S 《Phytopathology》2011,101(8):970-979

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Genetic structure of Verticillium dahliae isolates infecting olive trees in Tunisia using AFLP,pathogenicity and PCR markers          下载免费PDF全文

Y. Gharbi  M. A. Triki  R. Trabelsi  I. Fendri  F. Daayf  R. Gdoura 《Plant pathology》2015,64(4):871-879

Since 2006, verticillium wilt of olive induced by Verticillium dahliae has caused considerable economic losses in olive orchards in Tunisia. The genetic structure of V. dahliae isolates collected from different olive growing regions was investigated using virulence tests, vegetative compatibility grouping (VCG) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. In total, 42 isolates of V. dahliae from diseased olive trees were tested. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed that geographic origin was the main factor determining the genetic structure of V. dahliae populations and both methods indicated a genetic separation between the central and coastal isolates. Isolates were divided into two major groups: the AFLP‐I group included all isolates from Sidi Bouzid, Kairouan, Kasserine and Sfax (centre of the country) and the AFLP‐II group included isolates from Monastir, Zaghouane, Sousse, Mahdia (coastal region), and two isolates from Sfax. Analysis of the molecular variance (amova ) indicated a significant level of genetic differentiation among (76%) and within (23%) the two populations. Analyses of both the defoliating (D) and non‐defoliating (ND) pathotypes and VCG markers indicated that most of the isolates belong to VCG 2A and 4B/ND pathotype. The disease severity was highly variable among the isolates tested (P < 0·05) with no evidence of association between aggressiveness and geographical origin of the isolates. Overall, results of this study revealed a clear association between the genetic diversity of the isolates and their geographic origin, but not between genetic diversity and virulence patterns.  相似文献   

Occurrence and distribution of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ associated with diseases of solanaceous crops in Lebanon     

Elia Choueiri  Pascal Salar  Fouad Jreijiri  Souheir El Zammar  Randa Massaad  Hani Abdul-Nour  Joseph-Marie Bové  Jean-Luc Danet  Xavier Foissac 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):411-416

A survey for phytoplasma diseases in tomato and pepper fields in Lebanon was conducted during 2003 and 2004. Tomato plants with stunting, yellowing or purplish leaves, proliferation of laterals buds, hypertrophic calyxes and virescent flowers were found in 25% of the tomato fields surveyed, where they represented 2–8% of the plants. Pepper plants displaying stunting and yellowing of leaves, were found in 27% of the fields and 1–4% of the plants were affected. Phytoplasmas infecting tomato and pepper had identical 16S-rDNA RFLP profiles and sequences. A phytoplasma isolate named PTL was transmitted by dodder from a diseased tomato plant to a periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plant in which it induced leaf yellowing, virescence and phyllody. 16S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis classified PTL as a strain of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’.  相似文献