Acaricidal properties of some synthetic unconjugated allenic anilides     

Evon A. Bolessa  Lawrence A. D. Williams 《Pest management science》1992,35(3):209-214

Seven unconjugated allenic anilides with the allenic moiety situated at the 3, 4 position were synthesized and evaluated for acaricidal activity against Boophilus microplus (Canestrinii). The order of toxicity (% adult mortality) of the anilides against adult B. microplus at 0.5 μg tick^?1 was: N-(3-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-5-methylhexa-3, 4-dienamide, (I) = N-(4-bromophenyl)-5-methylhexa-3, 4-dienamide(III)(100%) > N-(4-bromophenyl)-deca-3, 4-dienamide (VI)(68%) > N-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylhexa-3, 4-dienamide (II) (32.3%) > N-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylhepta-3, 4-dienamide (IV) (28%) > N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-5-ethylhepta-3, 4-dienamide (VII) (24%) > N-(4-bromophenyl)-5-methylhepta-3, 4-dienamide (V) (20%). Comparison of the relative potencies (in parenthesis) at 1.5 μg tick^?1 of the anilides with three commercial acaricides: pyrenone, lindane and carbaryl, revealed the following orders of activities: in comparison with pyrenone: pyrenone = I = II (1) > VI(0.93) > II (0.67) > IV (0.55) > VII (0.46) > VI (0.37); in comparison with lindane: I = HI (6.06) > VI (5.65) > II (4.04) > IV (3.36) > VII (2.76) > V (2.39) > lindane (1.0). All anilides were more toxic than carbaryl which gave no mortality at 1.5 μg tick^?1. The need for developing more effective control agents for B. microplus is highlighted by the high levels of resistance found in some Jamaican populations of the pest. Resistance of the orders of 31- to 227-fold had been reported against lindane and between 15- and 67-fold to carbaryl.  相似文献   

Diversity of microbial products—discovery and application     

Neil Porter  Frances M. Fox 《Pest management science》1993,39(2):161-168

Natural products derived from micro-organisms, plants and animals possess inherent biological properties and are, therefore, an excellent source of lead chemicals on which to base synthesis programmes employing rational design techniques. Only a fraction of the fungal kingdom has been screened systematically for novel metabolites despite their suspected potential. Moreover, the fungi are generally manipulable in laboratory culture systems and, because of their developmental versatility, they offer tremendous potential as sources of novel metabolites. Primary assay systems based on biochemical targets provide an effective means of screening microbial products; such assay systems also efficiently support chemical purification of lead activities and rapid elucidation of new chemical templates.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Rodenticide poisoning in a dog     

McGuire NC  Williams J  Marks SL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(8):1157-1158

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Comparison of cytopathic and noncytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus by oligonucleotide fingerprinting.     

L L Bissey  A K Williams  S Bolin  E W Collisson 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1991,3(1):16-21

The molecular technique of RNA fingerprinting was used to characterize the genomes of 5 isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV): 2 viral pairs from the same animal, BVD-ILN/BVD-ILC and BVD-TGAN/BVD-TGAC, and the cytopathic viral prototype, BVD-NADL. Oligonucleotide patterns from the viruses were compared, and unique and overlapping oligonucleotides were identified. A comparison of the fingerprints indicated that the genome of each virus was distinguishable by the T1 RNase oligonucleotide fingerprinting technique. The greatest similarity observed was between oligonucleotides from BVD-ILC and BVD-ILN. Eighteen large oligonucleotides were conserved in all 5 BVDV isolates studied. We found that within a pair of BVDV, the cytopathic fingerprint was different from the noncytopathic fingerprint, indicating that cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV may be distinct viruses.  相似文献   

Procedure for processing of central nervous system tissue for immunofluorescence, light, and electron microscopic evaluation.     

R M Williams  S Krakowka  A Koestner 《American journal of veterinary research》1978,39(12):1946-1949

A rapid and simple procedure has been developed for the simultaneous localization of viral antigen in central nervous system tissues by immunofluorescnece and concomitant correlation with viral induced lesions in the contralateral brain hemisphere. In this study, one-half of the brain was excised from the dog under deep general anesthesia and samples were collected for immunofluorescence by snap freezing in liquid nitrogen. The other half of the brain was perfused under pressure with a buffered glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde mixture for subsequent light microscopic and ultrastructural evaluation. The technique was useful in studying central nervous system diseases in large outbred experimental subjects in which economic and other considerations developed for tissue processing in rodents was not feasible.  相似文献   

Studies on liquid hemicellulose and cane molasses as carbohydrate sources in urea-containing diets of sheep     

D L Williams  J D Moore  L C Martin  A D Tillman 《Journal of animal science》1969,28(5):667-672

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Limited survey of Georgia cattle for fat necrosis     

M M Forney  D J Williams  E M Papp  D E Tyler 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1969,155(10):1603-1604

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Haematology of subclinical fatty liver in dairy cows     

I M Reid  A M Dew  L A Williams 《Research in veterinary science》1984,37(1):63-65

The relationship between liver fat content and haematology was investigated in 369 cows from eight herds sampled in the second week after calving. High levels of fat in the liver were associated with a depression in total white cell count and in neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. There was no correlation between liver fat content and the percentage of E rosetting lymphocytes, packed cell volume or haemoglobin concentration. The changes in peripheral white cell counts may be related to the increased incidence of post parturient disease in cows with fatty liver.  相似文献   

The control of Fannia canicularis (L.) in poultry houses using impregnated cords     

J R Williams 《British poultry science》1973,14(6):547-555

Comparative field trials of the use of ordinary and composite insecticide‐impregnated cords for the control of Fannia canicularis (L.) in poultry houses are described and shown to be capable of giving season‐long fly control. Dimethoate (30% w/v), fenchlorphos (12% w/v), trichlorphon (6.5% w/v) and, to a lesser extent, diazinon (20% w/v) are considered to be suitable insecticides for cord impregnation. Using impregnated cords at the rate of 0.98 m treated cord/m² of floor area, the estimated cost of fly control was £3.50–5.00 per 1000 birds per season depending on the management system employed in the poultry house.  相似文献   

A comparison of all-meat, semimoist, and dry-type dog foods as diets for growing beagles     

K M Goddard  G D Williams  P M Newberne  R B Wilson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1970,157(9):1233-1236

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