Technological classification of basque cider apple cultivars according to their polyphenolic profiles by pattern recognition analysis     

Alonso-Salces RM  Herrero C  Barranco A  Berrueta LA  Gallo B  Vicente F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(26):8006-8016

The polyphenolic compositions of 31 Basque cider apple cultivars were determined in pulp, peel, and juice by high-performance liquid chromatography--diode array detection analysis of crude extracts and after thiolysis. Data sets, consisting of individual polyphenol concentrations, total procyanidin content, and the average degree of polymerization of procyanidins, were evaluated by multivariate chemometric techniques, to develop decision rules for classifying apple cultivars technologically into bitter and nonbitter categories. A preliminary study of the data structure was performed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis in each apple material. Bitter apple varieties presented higher contents of flavan-3-ols and/or dihydrochalcones than nonbitter cultivars. Different classification systems for the two categories on the basis of the chemical data were obtained applying several supervised pattern recognition procedures, such as linear discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbors, soft independent modeling of class analogy, partial least-squares, and multilayer feed forward artificial neural networks. Excellent performance in terms of recognition and prediction abilities for both categories (100% of hits) was achieved in every case (pulp, peel, or juice). Polyphenolic profiles of apple pulp, peel, or juice provide enough information to develop classification criteria for establishing the technological group of apple cultivars (bitter or nonbitter).  相似文献   

Residual effects of pig slurry and mineral nitrogen fertilizer on irrigated wheat     

Sebastián Cela  Francisca Santiveri  Jaime Lloveras 《European Journal of Agronomy》2011,34(4):257-262

Field experiments conducted in 2007/08 and 2008/09 at the Changwu Agricultural Research Station on the Loess Plateau of China comprised three seeding rates (SR1: 225 seeds m⁻², SR2: 280 seeds m⁻², and SR3: 340 seeds m⁻²) and two root pruning treatments (W: root pruning in the over-wintering period and S: root pruning at the spring-growth stage), with the un-pruned wheat plants as controls. In the severe drought toward the end of the growing season of 2008, grain yield decreased as the seeding rate increased, but under the more favorable conditions in 2009 the reverse was true. Averaged over the seeding rates, grain yield was significantly increased in both W and S in both years; grain yield and yield components were higher in W; and S recorded the highest water use efficiency. The interaction between seeding rate and root pruning was not statistically significant. Leaf area index (LAI) and tiller density were higher as seeding rates increased whereas in W and S, increased LAI and decreased tillers significantly, but had no effect on fertile tillers. The rate of leaf photosynthesis was lower and root respiration was significantly higher at higher seeding rates, whereas in root pruning treatments, significantly higher leaf photosynthetic rate and lower root respiration were observed. Soil water contents were lower as seeding rate increased. A significant decrease in water use before stem elongation was observed in W, while S consumed less soil water than W and the control over the whole growing season. Post-heading accumulation of dry matter and its remobilization from vegetative parts to the grain was significantly greater at higher seeding rates. Post-heading accumulations of dry matter and grain yield were also significantly greater in W and S than the un-pruned plants, although pruning reduced both dry matter remobilization and its contribution to grain yield. The possibility of reducing the proliferation of roots to increase yields at higher seeding rates and conserving the soil water at different growing stages in water-limited environments is discussed.  相似文献   

Identification and validation of SNPs in the phytoene synthase 2 (psy2) gene associated with yellow color of the root in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions of the Brazilian Amazon     

das Araújo  Francisca Chagas Bezerra  Moura  Elisa Ferreira  de Rodrigues  Simone Miranda  de Carvalho  Kenny Bonfim Arruda  Tavares  Eraldo José Madureira  Moura  Mônika Fecury  da Silva  Gilvan Ferreira 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(5):1809-1824

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The biofortification of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots is one of the actual goals of genetic breeding, with the development of roots richer in...  相似文献   

How much importance is given to native plants in cities’ treescape? A case study in Fortaleza,Brazil     

Marcelo Freire Moro  Christian Westerkamp  Francisca Soares de Araújo 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(2):365-374

Even though Brazil is a mega-diverse country, many Brazilian cities prioritize exotic plants in their treescapes. Aiming to evaluate how much the treescape in Fortaleza (the fifth largest city in Brazil) is aligned with the policy of valorization of native biodiversity, we sampled street and backyard trees surrounding one of the few vegetation fragments of the city, which is an area considered a priority for conservation. We used the vegetation fragment's flora as reference to compare the potential number of local native species with the actual number of native species in the treescape of the site. To account how much of the native flora was present in the surrounding treescape, we made an inventory of the trees in streets, squares and backyards around the vegetation and compared with the native flora of the vegetation fragment. We then compared the ratio of native to exotic species and checked how many native species of the fragment were also in the surrounding treescape. Exotics were prevalent in both number of species and number of individuals, comprising 70% of the species and 86% of the individuals of public spaces, and 79% of the species and 78% of the individuals of private spaces. Only 14% of the native species of the vegetation were also represented in the treescape, and, in general, they comprehended only a few individuals. We argue that the city's treescape should be re-evaluated in order to value native plants more. Native plants in the treescape could be used as an environmental education tool to publicize native biodiversity to citizens.  相似文献   

Studies on endogenous cytokinins in Citrus     

M. Francisca  Hernandez MiÑana  E. Primo-Millo 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):595-601

Cytokinin amounts were determined in the ovaries of flowers and fruitlets on leafy and leafless inflorescences of seeded and seedless cultivars of Citrus sinensis, C. reshni and C. clementine. Flowers were sampled over a 65 day period from before anthesis to after fruit set, during the period from fructification to fruitlet expansion. Cytokinin activity appeared in both organic and aqueous phases obtained in the extraction process. Generally, the maximum activity in the organic phase occurred at anthesis, except in ‘Navelate’ orange, and decreased sharply following petal fall, whereas the aqueous phase had more cytokinins later, when the fruitlets had reached 1-2 cm diameter. The effect of pollination on cytokinin-like compounds was studied in seeded cultivars. The pollinated ovaries showed a peak in cytokinin activity at anthesis, in contrast to unpollinated ovaries. Partition chromatography of the organic phase on Sephadex LH-20 indicated five zones of cytokinin activity, four of which had the same elution volumes as ribosyl zeatin, zeatin, isopentenyl adenosine and isopentenyl adenine.  相似文献   

Chemometric characterization of fruit juices from Spanish cultivars according to their phenolic compound contents: I. Citrus fruits     

Abad-García B  Berrueta LA  Garmón-Lobato S  Urkaregi A  Gallo B  Vicente F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(14):3635-3644

The data set composed by phenolic compound profiles of 83 Citrus juices (determined by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) was evaluated by chemometrics to differentiate them according to Citrus species (sweet orange, tangerine, lemon, and grapefruit). Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed natural sample grouping among Citrus species and even the Citrus subclass. Most of the information contained in the full data set can be captured if only 15 phenolic compounds (concentration ≥10 mg/L), which can be quantified with fast and accurate methods in real samples, are introduced in the models; a good classification which allows the confirmation of the authenticity of juices is achieved by linear discriminant analysis. Using this reduced data set, fast and routine methods have been developed for predicting the percentage of grapefruit in adulterated sweet orange juices using principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares regression (PLS). The PLS model has provided suitable estimation errors.  相似文献   

UHPLC-MS analysis of juvenile hormone II in Mediterranean corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides) hemolymph using various ionization techniques     

Vilaró F  Pérez-Hedo M  Eras J  Canela R  Eizaguirre M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3020-3025

The juvenile hormones (JHs) have been considered the most versatile hormones in the animal kingdom. JH-II is the most abundant JH in Sesamia nonagrioides, important maize pests in the Mediterranean basin. This study compared the sensitivities and matrix effects of four ionization modes on analyzing JH-II in S. nonagrioides hemolymph using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The ionization techniques tested were electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), and APPI with the lamp turned off, which corresponds to atmospheric pressure thermospray ionization (APTSI). ESI was discarded because of the high matrix effect. APPI was discarded because the correlation responses between solvent and matrix on the instrumental quality parameters were worse than those for APTSI and APCI. In our analytical conditions, APCI has shown the best validation parameter values. APCI ionization is widely available in instrumental laboratories.  相似文献   

An alternative approach for managing scuba diving in small marine protected areas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Javier Lloret  Arnaldo Marín  Lzaro Marín‐Guirao  M. Francisca Carreo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2006,16(6):579-591

• 1. As the interest of divers in exploring marine protected areas grows, so does their impact on sensitive marine organisms and communities. This situation has led managers to adopt a variety of measures to manage scuba diving in marine reserves. However, if marine areas need to be managed and protected from the adverse effects of human activities, then the characterization of marine habitats and the communities they contain, along with the potential effects of scuba diving, will need to be evaluated on scientific lines.
• 2. To this end, the use of benthic mapping, together with an evaluation of community vulnerability, constitutes a complementary tool for managing scuba diving, as is demonstrated in the present study.
• 3. The identification and evaluation of the different communities observed in Cabo de Palos‐Islas Hormigas Marine Reserve enables managers to propose different measures for controlling potential diver impact and also for evaluating the effects of these measures, thus reducing the degradation of the benthic organisms and communities, benefiting the local tourism industry and allowing a more sustainable use of the marine reserve resources.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of isopulegol on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice: Possible involvement of GABAergic system and antioxidant activity     

Maria Izabel Gomes Silva  Maria Anglica Gomes Silva  Manuel Rufino de Aquino Neto  Brinell Arcanjo Moura  Helenira Loureno de Sousa  Everton Paulo Homem de Lavor  Patrícia Freire de Vasconcelos  Danielle Silveira Macêdo  Damio Pergentino de Sousa  Silvnia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos  Francisca Cla Floreno de Sousa 《Fitoterapia》2009,80(8):506-513

The present study investigated the effects of isopulegol, a monoterpene alcohol, in PTZ-induced convulsions and verified possible involved mechanisms. Saline, isopulegol or diazepam were intraperitonealy injected 30 min before PTZ. The latency for development of convulsions and mortality, as well as the mortality protection percentage was recorded. For investigating the involvement of GABAergic system, flumazenil was utilized. The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase as well as the levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation were measured in brain hippocampus. Similarly to diazepam, isopulegol significantly prolonged the latency for convulsions and mortality of mice. All animals were protected against mortality at higher dose of isopulegol. Flumazenil pretreatment decreased the prolongation of seizure latency induced by both diazepam and isopulegol, although it was not able to reverse the latency and protection percent for mortality. Isopulegol also significantly prevented PTZ-induced increase in lipid peroxidation, preserved catalase activity in normal levels, and prevented the PTZ-induced loss of GSH in hippocampus of mice. These results suggest that the anticonvulsant and bioprotective effects of isopulegol against PTZ-induced convulsions are possibly related to positive modulation of benzodiazepine-sensitive GABA_A receptors and to antioxidant properties.  相似文献   

Polyphenol oxidase and its relationship with oleuropein concentration in fruits and leaves of olive (Olea europaea) cv. 'Picual' trees during fruit ripening     

Ortega-García F  Blanco S  Peinado MA  Peragón J 《Tree physiology》2008,28(1):45-54

Oleuropein, the main phenolic compound of olive fruit, has important antioxidant properties that are responsible for some of the nutritional properties of fruits and the defence mechanism of leaves. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity changes during fruit ripening in many plants. We studied the kinetics and molecular properties of PPO in fruits and leaves of olive (Olea europaea L.) cv. 'Picual' trees and the relationship between PPO and oleuropein concentration during fruit ripening. Polyphenol oxidase showed hyperbolic kinetics in fruits and leaves. Significant increases in PPO specific activity, V(max), K(m )and catalytic efficiency occurred during fruit ripening. Based on SDS-PAGE under partially denaturing conditions and in-gel staining with DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, PPO activity was found in one major protein of 55 and 50 kDA in fruits and leaves, respectively. During the last stages of fruit maturation, a second 36 kDa protein was observed in fruits but not in leaves, indicating that this protein could serve as a marker of the final phase of fruit maturation. Under fully denaturing conditions, only one 27.7 kDa immunoreactive band was detected in fruits. Both the amount of PPO activity and the amount of PPO protein increased significantly during fruit maturation. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that PPO is located in the epidermis, parenchyma and companion vascular cells of leaves as well as in the epidermis of fruit. During fruit maturation, oleuropein concentration measured by HPLC significantly decreased in fruits and increased in leaves.  相似文献