Ontogenic profiling of glucosinolates, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites in Eruca sativa (salad rocket), Diplotaxis erucoides (wall rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket), and Bunias orientalis (Turkish rocket)     

Bennett RN  Rosa EA  Mellon FA  Kroon PA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(11):4005-4015

As an influence of the Mediterranean diet, rocket species such as Eruca sativa L., Diplotaxis species, and Bunias orientalis L. are eaten all over the world at different ontogenic stages in salads and soups. They are all species within the plant order Capparales (glucosinolate-containing species), and all are from the family Brassicaceae. Predominantly, the leaves of these species are eaten raw or cooked, although Eruca flowers are also consumed. There is considerable potential with raw plant material for a higher exposure to bioactive phytochemicals such as glucosinolates, their hydrolysis products, and also phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamins such as vitamin C. These compounds are susceptible to ontogenic variation, and the few published studies that have addressed this topic have been inconsistent. Thus, an ontogenic study was performed and all samples were analyzed using a previously developed robust liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of the major phytochemicals in all tissues of the rocket species. Seeds and roots of both Eruca and Diplotaxis contained predominantly 4-methylthiobutylglucosinolate. Leaves of Eruca and Diplotaxis contained high amounts of 4-mercaptobutylglucosinolate with lower levels of 4-methylthiobutlyglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate. Flowers of Eruca and Diplotaxiscontained predominantly 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-glucosinolate. In addition, roots of both Diplotaxisspecies contained 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate but 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate was absent from roots of Eruca. Seeds and seedlings of all Eruca contained N-heterocyclic compounds but no sinapine, whereas Diplotaxis contained sinapine but not the N-heterocycles. In all tissues of B. orientalis, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenylglucosinolate were predominant. All rocket tissues, except roots, contained significant levels of polyglycosylated flavonoids, with/without hydroxycinnamoyl acylation. The core aglycones were kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. The exception was B. orientalis, which had a negligible seed flavonoid content as compared with the other species. Anthocyanins were only detected in Eruca flowers and consisted of a complex pattern of at least 16 different anthocyanins.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Multiple myeloma     

Rankin WV  Henry CJ  Kunz DA  Williams F;American College of Veterinary Radiology 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(6):929-930

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Letter to the Editor     

Fred Marshall 《Herpetological Monographs》2012,34(5):44

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Post-transfusion survival of biotin-labeled allogeneic RBCs in adult horses     

Mudge MC  Walker NJ  Borjesson DL  Librach F  Johns JL  Owens SD 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(1):56-62

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Pond-level risk factors associated with columnaris disease on Mississippi commercial catfish farms     

Cunningham FL  Jack SW  Hardin D  Wills RW 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2012,24(3):178-184

A large commercial catfish enterprise encompassing over 500 food fish ponds from five farms covering multiple counties in the Mississippi Delta was included in this analysis of columnaris risk factors. A gram-negative bacterium, Flavobacterium columnare, is the cause of columnaris disease and is considered the second-most prevalent bacterial disease in farm-raised catfish. The objective of this study was to determine if pond-level risk factors reported by farm personnel were associated with columnaris disease mortalities. To identify risk factors affecting susceptibility of farm-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to columnaris disease, a Catfish Management database was developed. Logistic regression was used to model the relationships between probability of columnaris in ponds and risk factors examined. Generalized linear mixed models incorporating hierarchically structured random effects of ponds and one or more fixed-effects risk factors were fitted. In the screening process, each risk factor was evaluated in the basic model as a single fixed-effects factor, and if associated with the outcome (P ≤ 0.20), was retained for development of multivariable models. Two multivariable logistic regression models were constructed from data collected at the pond level by producers. The first was constructed from data in which water quality was not considered. Pond depth and reduced feed consumption for a 14-d period prior to disease outbreaks measured on a per hectare basis were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with columnaris disease. The second, in which water quality variables were also considered, pond depth, reduced feed consumption, shorter intervals from stocking to disease outbreaks, and total ammonia nitrogen were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with columnaris occurrence. This study showed some commonly recorded production variables were associated with columnaris disease outbreaks and, if monitored, could help identify "at risk" ponds before disease outbreaks occur.  相似文献   

The Effects of Selenium Source on Measures of Selenium Status of Mares and Selenium Status and Immune Function of Their Foals     

Julia B. Montgomery  Jeffrey J. Wichtel  Maureen G. Wichtel  Mary A. McNiven  J.T. McClure  Fred Markham  David W. Horohov 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

The effect of organic and inorganic sources of selenium (Se) on measures of Se status of mares and their foals, Se concentrations of colostrum and milk, and indices of immune function of foals was studied. Twenty late-gestation Standardbred mares were randomly assigned to one of two groups. All mares received an identical balanced ration, except for the source of supplementary Se: one group received organic Se (Se yeast) and the other group received inorganic Se (sodium selenite), fed to deliver 0.3 mg/kg supplementary Se based on total ration dry matter. Mares received the experimental diet from 2 months before estimated due date until 1 month after foaling. Source of Se did not affect Se concentrations in maternal plasma, red blood cells, colostrum, or milk. At 1 month of age, foals from mares fed organic Se had higher red blood cell Se concentration than foals from mares fed inorganic Se (P < .05). Measures of immunity included serum immunoglobulin G concentration, lymphocyte proliferation in response to concanavalin A, and relative cytokine gene expression of stimulated lymphocytes (interferon gamma [IFNγ], interleukin [IL]-2, IL-5, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα]) and neutrophils (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα). Relative gene expression of IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ by foal lymphocytes was associated with the source of Se supplementation provided to the mares. We conclude that the source of dietary Se provided to mares may influence the immune function of foals at 1 month of age through changes in relative gene expression of certain lymphocyte cytokines.  相似文献   

奥普明与螯合微量元素对养猪生产的影响     

孙安权  Fred  C．Madsen 《当代畜禽养殖业》2005,(11):56-58

主要微量元素的功用 微量元素如何调节动物的机体代谢,在许多方面尚不清楚,以下是我们已经了解到的部分内容,但什么是生长或繁殖的 最佳需要量,哪种化学结合最易被动物吸收利用,至今只有有限的研究资料,这为我们的生产带来许多不确定因素。特别 是重金属铜超量不仅能引发动物自身的毒害作用,同时还会造成严重的环境污染,甚至是肉品自身的污染。有限的研究资 料显示,微量元素的利用对动物健康作用显著,选择正确与否将对动物的繁殖性能及生长性能有显著的影响。  相似文献   

Complex Creative Systems: Principles,processes, and practices of transformation     

Fred Provenza  Hugh Pringle  Dean Revell  Nan Bray  Chip Hines  Richard Teague  Tim Steffens  Matt Barnes 《Herpetological Monographs》2013,35(5):6-13

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基于数字化植物表型平台（D3P）的田间小麦冠层光截获算法开发     

刘守阳  金时超  郭庆华  朱艳  Baret Fred 《智慧农业(中英文)》2020,2(1):87-98

冠层光截获能力是反映作物品种间差异的重要功能性状，高通量表型冠层光截获对提高作物改良效率具有重要意义。本研究以小麦为研究目标，利用数字化植物表型平台（D3P）模拟生成了100种冠层结构不同的小麦品种在5个生育期的三维冠层场景，记录了从原始冠层结构中提取的绿色叶面积指数（GAI）、平均倾角（AIA）和散射光截获率（FIPAR_dif）信息作为真实值,进一步利用上述三维小麦场景开展了虚拟的激光雷达（LiDAR）模拟实验，生成了对应的三维点云数据。基于模拟的点云数据提取了其高度分位数特征（H）和绿色分数特征（GF）。最后，利用人工神经网络（ANN）算法分别构建了从不同LiDAR点云特征（H、GF和H+GF）输入到FIPAR_dif、GAI和AIA的反演模型。结果表明，对于GAI、AIA和FIPAR_dif，预测精度从高到低对应的点云特征输入为GF+H > H > GF。由此可见，H特征对提高目标表型特性的估算精度起到了重要作用。输入GF + H特征，在中等测量噪音（10%）情况下，FIPAR_dif和GAI的估算均获得了满意精度，R²分别为0.95和0.98，而AIA的估算精度（R²=0.20）还有待进一步提升。本研究基于D3P模拟数据开展，算法的实际表现还有待通过田间数据进一步验证。尽管如此，本研究验证了D3P协助表型算法开发的能力，展示了高通量LiDAR数据在估算田间冠层光截获和冠层结构方面的较高潜力。  相似文献   

Preliminary evaluation of exotic tick species and exotic pathogens imported on migratory birds into the British Isles     

Pietzsch ME  Mitchell R  Jameson LJ  Morgan C  Medlock JM  Collins D  Chamberlain JC  Gould EA  Hewson R  Taylor MA  Leach S 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,155(3-4):328-332

Field studies were carried out to determine whether ticks are being imported into the British Isles on migratory birds. During spring and autumn migration 2004, ticks were collected from ringed birds at 11 bird observatories and 3 inland Riparia riparia colonies. A total of 38 ticks of 4 species (Ixodes ricinus, I. frontalis, I. lividus, I. arboricola) were collected from 12 species of bird. Ticks were tested for viruses in the Flavivirus and Nairovirus genera, with no positives found. This data demonstrates that ticks are being imported into the British Isles on migratory birds with future work recommended to determine the quantity of ticks imported and to detect low prevalence pathogens.  相似文献