Preliminary evaluation of exotic tick species and exotic pathogens imported on migratory birds into the British Isles     

Pietzsch ME  Mitchell R  Jameson LJ  Morgan C  Medlock JM  Collins D  Chamberlain JC  Gould EA  Hewson R  Taylor MA  Leach S 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,155(3-4):328-332

Field studies were carried out to determine whether ticks are being imported into the British Isles on migratory birds. During spring and autumn migration 2004, ticks were collected from ringed birds at 11 bird observatories and 3 inland Riparia riparia colonies. A total of 38 ticks of 4 species (Ixodes ricinus, I. frontalis, I. lividus, I. arboricola) were collected from 12 species of bird. Ticks were tested for viruses in the Flavivirus and Nairovirus genera, with no positives found. This data demonstrates that ticks are being imported into the British Isles on migratory birds with future work recommended to determine the quantity of ticks imported and to detect low prevalence pathogens.  相似文献   

Characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis disseminated infection in dairy cattle and its association with antemortem test results   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antognoli MC  Garry FB  Hirst HL  Lombard JE  Dennis MM  Gould DH  Salman MD 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(3-4):300-308

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) disseminated infection in dairy cattle affects animal health and productivity and is also a potential public health concern. The study objectives were to characterize MAP disseminated infection in dairy cattle and to determine the role of antemortem tests in detecting cattle with disseminated infection. Forty culled dairy cows representing a variety of serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results and body conditions were selected for the study. The physical condition of the cows was assessed via clinical examination prior to euthanasia and blood and feces were collected and tested by serum ELISA and fecal culture, respectively. Fifteen tissues were aseptically collected from each cow during necropsy and cultured for isolation of MAP. Disseminated infection was diagnosed when MAP was isolated in tissues other than the intestines or their associated lymph nodes (LNs) and was distinguished from infection found only in the gastrointestinal tissues and from absence of infection. Of the 40 cows in the study, 21 had MAP disseminated infection. Results showed that 57% (12/21) of cows with disseminated infection had average to heavy body condition and no diarrhea. Cows with disseminated infection had no to minimal gross pathologic evidence of infection in 37% (8/21) of cases. Only 76% (16/21) of cows with disseminated infection had positive historical ELISA results and only 62% (13/21) had a positive ELISA at slaughter. Thus, antemortem evidence of MAP infection was lacking in a high proportion of cows where MAP disseminated infection was confirmed.  相似文献   

TSE pathogenesis in cattle and sheep     

van Keulen LJ  Bossers A  van Zijderveld F 《Veterinary research》2008,39(4):24

Many studies have been undertaken in rodents to study the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). Only a few studies have focused on the pathogenesis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie in their natural hosts. In this review, we summarize the most recent insights into the pathogenesis of BSE and scrapie starting from the initial uptake of TSE agents and crossing of the gut epithelium. Following replication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), TSE agents spread to the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gut. Infection is then carried through the efferent fibers of the post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system to the pre-ganglionic neurons in the medulla oblongata of the brain and the thoracic segments of the spinal cord. The differences between the pathogenesis of BSE in cattle and scrapie in sheep are discussed as well as the possible existence of additional pathogenetic routes.  相似文献   

种公鸡的饲养与选择     

Fred H．Kao 《中国家禽》2008,30(10):36-37

1 种公鸡的管理目标 为提高种公鸡的利用率与孵化率,良好的种公鸡管理不可缺少,种公鸡的管理目标包括:提高下代孵化率与整齐度;采取良好的农场管理与生物安全措施以尽量增加下代总数.  相似文献   

Impact of pet travel on animal and public health     

Cottrell B  Gould D  Heinrich C  Renwick P 《The Veterinary record》2008,163(14):429-430

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Dog-associated risk factors for human plague     

Gould LH  Pape J  Ettestad P  Griffith KS  Mead PS 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(8-10):448-454

Plague is a rare but often fatal zoonosis endemic to the western United States. Previous studies have identified contact with pets as a potential risk factor for infection. We conducted a matched case-control study to better define the risks associated with pets at both the household and individual levels. Using a written questionnaire, we surveyed nine surviving plague patients, 12 household members of these patients, and 30 age- and neighbourhood-matched controls about household and individual exposures. Overall, 79% of households had at least one dog, 59% had at least one cat and 33% used flea control, with no significant differences between case and control households. Four (44%) case households reported having a sick dog versus no (0%) control households [matched odds ratio, (mOR) 18.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-infinity], and four (44%) patients reported sleeping in the same bed with a pet dog versus three (10%) controls (mOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.0-31.6). Within case households with multiple members, two (40%) of five patients slept with their dogs versus none (0%) of 12 healthy family members (P=0.13). The exposures to cats were not significant. Sleeping in the same bed as a pet dog remained significantly associated with infection in a multivariate logistic regression model (P=0.046). Our findings suggest that dogs may facilitate the transfer of fleas into the home and that activities with close extended contacts with dogs may increase the risk of plague infection.  相似文献   

Landscape,fire and habitat: which features of recently burned heathland influence site occupancy of an early successional specialist?     

Felicia Pereoglou  Christopher MacGregor  Sam C. Banks  Jeff Wood  Fred Ford  David B. Lindenmayer 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(2):255-269

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Failure mode and bending moment of canine pancarpal arthrodesis constructs stabilized with two different implant systems     

Wininger FA  Kapatkin AS  Radin A  Shofer FS  Smith GK 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2007,36(8):724-728

Objective— To compare failure mode and bending moment of a canine pancarpal arthrodesis construct using either a 2.7 mm/3.5 mm hybrid dynamic compression plate (HDCP) or a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate (DCP).
Study Design— Paired in vitro biomechanical testing of canine pancarpal arthrodesis constructs stabilized with either a 2.7/3.5 HDCP or 3.5 DCP.
Sample Population— Paired cadaveric canine antebrachii (n=5).
Methods— Pancarpal arthrodesis constructs were loaded to failure (point of maximum load) in 4-point bending using a materials-testing machine. Using this point of failure, bending moments were calculated from system variables for each construct and the 2 plating systems compared using a paired t-test. To examine the relationship between metacarpal diameter and screw diameter failure loads, linear regression was used and Pearson' correlation coefficient was calculated. Significance was set at P <.05.
Results— HDCP failed at higher loads than DCP for 9 of 10 constructs. The absolute difference in failure rates between the 2 plates was 0.552±0.182 N m, P =.0144 (95% confidence interval: −0.58 to 1.68). This is an 8.1% mean difference in bending strength. There was a significant linear correlation r=0.74 ( P -slope=.014) and 0.8 ( P -slope=.006) between metacarpal diameter and failure loads for the HDCP and 3.5 DCP, respectively.
Conclusion— There was a small but significant difference between bending moment at failure between 2.7/3.5 HDCP and 3.5 DCP constructs; however, the difference may not be clinically evident in all patients.
Clinical Relevance— The 2.7/3.5 HDCP has physical and mechanical properties making it a more desirable plate for pancarpal arthrodesis.  相似文献   

The effect of hemolysis on plasma antithrombin activity as determined by a chromogenic method     

van der Merwe L  Reyers F 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(1):55-59

BACKGROUND: The concentration of free hemoglobin (Hgb) in plasma can markedly affect the outcome of laboratory tests by interfering with the spectrophotometric absorbance of biochemical tests read at wavelengths within the absorbance range of Hgb (400-440 nm). Little is known about the effects of hemoglobinemia on antithrombin (AT) activity in human plasma samples, and we are unaware of data for canine plasma samples. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the degree of interference by Hgb on plasma AT activity and to determine if the interference is proportional to the concentration of plasma Hgb. METHODS: Two pools of test plasma, designated AT100 and AT70, were prepared. Hemolysate was prepared by washing and freeze-thawing packed red cells in a small volume of saline, followed by collection of the filtrate. Solutions of decreasing Hgb concentration were prepared and added to the test plasma pools to create a series of samples with final calculated and measured Hgb concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 g/L. AT activity, expressed as a percentage of normal human plasma, was determined using a functional chromogenic assay. RESULTS: Increasing concentrations of Hgb resulted in a linear decrease in AT activity. Using linear regression analysis on the 70% and 100% plasma pools, the slopes for samples containing <1.5 g Hgb/L were not significantly different from zero. Slopes for samples containing Hgb concentrations >or=1.5 g/L were significantly (P > .0001) different from zero for both plasma pools, indicating interference with the assay. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest it may be possible, using a conversion equation, to accurately determine AT activity in hemolyzed samples, facilitating evaluation of coagulation status in patients with intravascular hemolysis.  相似文献   

The Use of Colonic Irrigation to Control Fecal Incontinence in Dogs With Colostomies     

Fred A. Williams  JR  DVM  Ronald M. Bright  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    Gregory B. Daniel  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVR    Kevin A. Hahn  DVM  PhD    Steve A. Patton  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVP 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(5):348-354

OBJECTIVE: To determine if once-daily colonic irrigation results in fecal continence for a 24-hour period in dogs with colostomies and if colonic volume increased in response to the irrigation. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective controlled experimental study. ANIMALS: Four intact male and one intact female mixed breed dogs. MATERIALS: All dogs received left end-on paralumbar colostomies. Four dogs received once-daily colonic irrigation for 8 weeks, whereas the control dog did not. Daily fecal weights were recorded for the length of the study in all dogs. Barium enema studies and volumetric studies were used to determine colonic volumes. RESULTS: Daily fecal weights were significantly decreased in treatment dogs compared with the control dog. Colonic volume increased in irrigated dogs in response to daily irrigation over the 8 week period of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic irrigation resulted in significantly decreased fecal production over a 24-hour period. Therefore management of dogs with colostomies would be more practical and cost effective. It did not result in complete fecal continence in this study. Further clinical studies are indicated to determine if longer periods of irrigation would result in complete continence.  相似文献