Simultaneous detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis,Pepino mosaic virus and Mexican papita viroid by non-radioactive molecular hybridization using a unique polyprobe     

Erika Janet Zamora-Macorra  Daniel Leobardo Ochoa-Martínez  Guadalupe Valdovinos-Ponce  Reyna Rojas-Martínez  Sergio Ramírez-Rojas  Jesús Ángel Sánchez-Navarro  Vicente Pallás  Frederic Aparicio 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(4):779-787

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Ultrasonographic evaluation of the effects of azithromycin on antral motility and gastric emptying in healthy cats     

Stephanie Rutherford  Frederic Gaschen  Roman Husnik  Jon Fletcher  Lorrie Gaschen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):508

BackgroundErythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with motilin agonist properties, shortens gastric emptying (GE) time in healthy cats. Azithromycin, another macrolide antibiotic, is effective for treatment of gastric paresis in people.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of azithromycin on GE and gastric motility in healthy cats in comparison with erythromycin (positive control) and placebo.AnimalsEight healthy purpose‐bred cats.MethodsProspective, blinded, crossover study. Cats received either azithromycin (3.5 mg/kg PO q24h), erythromycin (1 mg/kg PO q8h), or placebo for 24 hours before and during evaluation of GE. A validated method using ultrasound for sequential measurements of antral area as well as amplitude and frequency of contractions was used to assess GE and evaluate gastric antral motility postprandially over an 8‐hour period.ResultsGE was significantly faster (P < .05) after administration of azithromycin and erythromycin when compared to placebo in the late phase of fractional emptying from 75% (mean ± SD: 327 ± 51 minutes, 327 ± 22 minutes, and 367 ± 29 minutes, respectively), to 95% fractional emptying (399 ± 52 minutes, 404 ± 11 minutes, and 444 ± 24 minutes, respectively). The drugs had no significant effect on antral motility variables at any time point.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAzithromycin and erythromycin shorten GE time in a comparable manner in healthy cats. Evaluation of their efficacy in cats with gastric dysmotility is warranted.  相似文献   

Metabolism of [14C]cymoxanil in grapes,potatoes and tomatoes     

Irvin J. Belasco  Jerry C-Y. Han  Robert L. Chrzanowski  Frederic J. Baude 《Pest management science》1981,12(4):355-364

Foliar-applied [¹⁴]cymoxanil, 1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyimino-[2-¹⁴C]acetyl)-3-ethylurea was rapidly metabolised in grapes, tomatoes and potatoes, Furthermore, the metabolism of this fungicide was unusual in that the metabolites were found to be naturally occurring compounds, with glycine as the major metabolite. Significant levels of radioactivity were found in other amino-acids, sugars, starch, fatty acids and lignin, indicating incorporation of carbon-14 via the various metabolic pathways.  相似文献   

VACCINES AGAINST BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER     

J. FRANCIS C.B.E.  D.Sc.  M.Sc.  F.R.C.V.S.  F.R.S.M.  F.A.C.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1977,53(4):198-199

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CLINICAL VALUE OF FRUCTOSAMINE MEASUREMENTS AND FRUCTOSAMINE-ALBUMIN RATIO IN HYPOGLYCEMIC FERRETS (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)     

Alexis Duhamelle  Frederic Vlaemynck  Elodie Loeuillet  Sylvain Larrat 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2018,27(2):103-107

The objective of this preliminary study was to establish a reference range for plasma fructosamine concentration and fructosamine-albumin ratio in healthy ferrets and to compare these reference intervals to values obtained from hypoglycemic ferrets. Fructosamine concentration has been shown to reflect blood glucose concentration over the previous 1 to 2 weeks in other animal species, and may be a useful indicator of chronic hypoglycemia in ferrets diagnosed with insulinoma. Plasma fructosamine was measured with an automated colorimetric assay using nitroblue tetrazolium. Thirty-two clinically healthy and 5 hypoglycemic ferrets were included in the study. The reference interval in healthy ferrets for fructosamine was 110 (98 to 123) – 203 (191 to 218) μmol/L, and the reference interval for plasma fructosamine-albumin ratio was 5.1 (4.6 to 5.6) – 8.6 (8.2 to 9.0) μmol/g. Results for hypoglycemic ferrets were within the ranges for both fructosamine and fructosamine-albumin ratio. As there were no significant differences between the healthy and hypoglycemic ferrets, this study suggests that fructosamine concentration and fructosamine-albumin ratio are not likely to be useful in determining insulinoma-associated chronic hypoglycemia in ferrets.  相似文献   

Use of Computed Tomography in Standing Position to Identify Guidelines for Screw Insertion in the Distal Phalanx of Horses: An Ex Vivo Study     

JEAN-MICHEL E. VANDEWEERD  DVM  DES  Cert ES    ROLAND PERRIN  DVM  Diplomate ECVS    THOMAS LAUNOIS  DVM  Diplomate ECVS    LAURENT BROGNIEZ  DVM  SIMON GEHIN  DVM    PETER D. CLEGG  MA  VetMB  Cert EO  Diplomate ECVS  MRCVS    FRANCIS G. DESBROSSE  DVM  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):373-379

Objectives— To compare the precision of radiography and computed tomography (CT) preoperatively in the standing position for identification of guidelines for screw insertion in the distal phalanx, and to identify whether standing CT might improve operative time compared with preoperative radiographic planning.
Study Design— Experimental ex vivo study.
Animals— Cadaveric equine thoracic limb pairs (n=10).
Methods— Insertion of a 4.5 mm cortex screw in lag fashion into an intact distal phalanx was evaluated in 2 groups (n=10) of cadaveric equine thoracic limbs. In 1 group, the site, direction, and length of the implant were determined by radiography, and in the other group, by CT. Accuracy of screw placement was verified by specimen dissection. Outcomes were (1) absence of penetration of the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal (2) appropriate length and direction of the screw. Surgical time was also measured.
Results— No screw penetrated the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal in either group. CT was more accurate to identify guidelines for screw insertion (U=23.50, P =.049). With CT, surgical time (mean, 7.7 minutes) was significantly shorter (U=0.000, P =.000) than with radiography (mean, 12.7 minutes).
Conclusion— Standing CT can be used to accurately determine anatomic landmarks for screw insertion in lag fashion in sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.
Clinical Relevance— This study has a clear clinical relevance for improved internal fixation of sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.  相似文献   

Aerobic bacterial flora of the vagina and prepuce of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and investigation of associations with urogenital carcinoma     

Johnson S  Lowenstine L  Gulland F  Jang S  Imai D  Almy F  Delong R  Gardner I 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(1-2):94-103

To investigate the association between genital bacterial infection and urogenital carcinoma in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), vaginal and preputial swabs for bacterial isolation were taken from 148 free-ranging and 51 stranded California sea lions including 16 animals with urogenital carcinoma. Cytological examination of vaginal or preputial smears showed a majority (65.5%, 57/87) of animals examined had mild or no inflammation. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 116 (78.4%) wild sea lions and 100% of stranded animals. A total of 403 isolates were identified representing 51 unique bacterial species. The median number of isolates per animal increased with age in the wild group, but there was no difference in the number of isolates per animal between wild and stranded adults. The most common bacteria isolated from the wild sea lions were Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus (39 isolates), non-hemolytic Streptococcus (35 isolates), Corynebacterium spp. (30 isolates), and Escherichia coli (20 isolates). More bacterial species were isolated from stranded animals than wild animals (33 versus 26) and there was significantly less growth of P. phenylpyruvicus, Corynebacterium spp., and Moraxella-like spp. in the stranded animals. Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was the only bacterium significantly associated with urogenital carcinomas in California sea lions, but only in females.  相似文献   

Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy piglets after mitogen stimulation as indicators of disease resilience     

Ryan L Jeon  Caroline Gilbert  Jian Cheng  Austin M Putz  Mike K Dyck  Graham S Plastow  Frederic Fortin  PigGen Canada  Jack C M Dekkers  John C S Harding 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)

Disease resilience refers to the productivity of an animal under disease. Given the high biosecurity of pig nucleus herds, traits that can be measured on healthy pigs and that are genetically correlated with disease resilience, that is, genetic indicator traits, offer a strategy to select for disease resilience. Our objective was to evaluate mitogen stimulation assays (MSAs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young healthy pigs as genetic indicators for disease resilience. Data were from a natural disease challenge in which batches of 60 or 75 naïve Yorkshire × Landrace piglets were introduced every 3 wk into a continuous flow barn that was seeded with multiple diseases. In this environment, disease resilience traits, including growth, treatment, and mortality rates, were recorded on 3,136 pigs that were genotyped with a high-density marker panel. PBMCs from 882 of these pigs from 19 batches were isolated from whole blood collected prior to the disease challenge and stimulated with five mitogens: concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The proliferation of cells was evaluated at 48, 72, and 96 h and compared with unstimulated samples (rest count). Heritabilities of cell proliferation were estimated using a model with batch as a fixed effect and covariates of entry age; rest count; complete blood count proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils; and pen, litter, and animal genetics as random effects. Heritability estimates were highest for response to ConA (0.30 ± 0.09, 0.28 ± 0.10, 0.17 ± 0.10, and 0.25 ±0.10 at 48, 72, and 96 h after stimulation and for area under the curve across the three time points, respectively). Estimates were in a similar range for response to PHA and PMA but low for PWM and LPS. Responses to ConA, PHA, and PMA were moderately genetically correlated with several disease resilience traits and in the expected direction, but individual estimates were not significantly different from zero due to large SEs. In conclusion, although validation is needed, MSAss, in particular based on ConA, show promise as genetic indicator traits for disease resilience.  相似文献   

Iconic CO2 time series at risk     

S Houweling  B Badawy  DF Baker  S Basu  D Belikov  P Bergamaschi  P Bousquet  G Broquet  T Butler  JG Canadell  J Chen  F Chevallier  P Ciais  GJ Collatz  S Denning  R Engelen  IG Enting  ML Fischer  A Fraser  C Gerbig  M Gloor  AR Jacobson  DB Jones  M Heimann  A Khalil  T Kaminski  PS Kasibhatla  NY Krakauer  M Krol  T Maki  S Maksyutov  A Manning  A Meesters  JB Miller  PI Palmer  P Patra  W Peters  P Peylin  Z Poussi  MJ Prather  JT Randerson  T Röckmann  C Rödenbeck  JL Sarmiento  DS Schimel  M Scholze  A Schuh  P Suntharalingam 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1038-1040

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Modeling regional-scale habitat of forest birds when land management guidelines are needed but information is limited     

Frederic Beaudry  Anna M. Pidgeon 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1759-105

Conservation planning at broad spatial scales facilitates coherence between local land management and objectives set at the state or provincial level. Habitat suitability models are commonly used to identify key areas for conservation planning. The challenge is that habitat suitability models are data hungry, which limits their applicability to species for which detailed information exists, but managers need to address the needs of all at-risk species. We propose a modeling approach useful for regional-scale conservation planning that accommodates limited species knowledge, and identifies what managers should aim for at the local scale. For twenty at-risk bird species, we built models to identify potential habitat using both literature information and empirical data. Species occupancy within potential habitat depends on the presence of intrinsic elements, which we identified for each species so that managers can enhance these elements as appropriate. For most species, the estimated amount of habitat needed to meet population targets was <10% of the mapped potential habitat, with notable exceptions for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis; 100%), Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum; 63.7%), and Veery (Catharus fuscescens; 17.9%). Model validation showed that interior forest species models performed best. Our modeling framework allowed us to build potential habitat models to various endpoints for different species, depending on the information available, and revealed a number of species for which basic natural history data are missing. Our potential habitat models provide regional perspective and guide local habitat management, and assist in identifying research priorities.  相似文献