Antifeedant activity and toxicity of leaf extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porteresia coarctata</Emphasis> Takeoka and their effects on the physiology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> (F.)     

Christian Ulrichs  Inga Mewis  Sujit Adhikary  Atanu Bhattacharyya  Arunava Goswami 《Journal of pest science》2008,81(2):79-84

Antifeeding and toxic effects of chemical extracts from Porteresia coarctata Takeoka on the insect pest Spodoptera litura (F.) were investigated in the laboratory. Hexane extracts of P. coarctata leaves were re-dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and applied in water to leaves of Ricinus communis L. (castor). A concentration of 1,000 and 2,000 ppm extract exhibited significant antifeeding and toxic effects to third instar larvae when compared to the same concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide in water as control. One day after feeding on extract-treated castor leaves, the mortality of S. litura larvae was 50%. Mortality increased to 95% after 11 days at a dosage of 2,000 ppm. Compared to the control, third instar larvae fed on castor leaves treated with P. coarctata leaf extract at different concentrations showed significant reduction in protein and DNA content in the fat body and midgut tissues. Results demonstrate the insecticidal and antifeedant properties of P. coarctata leaf extract against the generalist pest S. litura leading to biochemical changes in the insect body. Thus, P. coarctata contains phytochemicals, and the extract, in crude and pure form, has potential as a botanical insecticide in alternative control strategies against Lepidoptera pests.  相似文献   

Polymorphism of BMPR1B,BMP15 and GDF9 fecundity genes in prolific Garole sheep     

Polley  Shamik  De  Sachinandan  Brahma  Biswajit  Mukherjee  Ayan  P.V.  Vinesh  Batabyal  Subhasis  Arora  Jaspreet Singh  Pan  Subhransu  Samanta  Ashis Kumar  Datta  Tirtha Kumar  Goswami  Surender Lal 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):985-993

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Mutation studies in different prolific sheep breeds have shown that the transforming growth factor beta super family ligands viz. the growth differentiation...  相似文献   

Short‐Term Antiandrogen Flutamide Treatment Causes Structural Alterations in Somatic Cells Associated with Premature Detachment of Spermatids in the Testis of Pubertal and Adult Guinea Pigs     

LR Maschio  RS Cordeiro  SR Taboga  RM Góes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(3):516-524

In spite of widespread application of flutamide in the endocrine therapies of young and adult patients, the side effects of this antiandrogen on spermatogenesis and germ‐cell morphology remain unclear. This study evaluates the short‐term androgen blockage effect induced by the administration of flutamide to the testes of pubertal (30‐day old) and adult (65‐ and 135‐day old) guinea pigs, with an emphasis on ultrastructural alterations of main cell types. The testes removed after 10 days of treatment with either a non‐steroidal antiandrogen, flutamide (10 mg/kg of body weight) or a pharmacological vehicle alone were processed for histological, quantitative and ultrastructural analysis. In pubertal animals, flutamide androgenic blockage induces spermatogonial differentiation and accelerates testes maturation, causing degeneration and detachment of primary spermatocytes and round spermatids, which are subsequently found in great quantities in the epididymis caput. In post‐pubertal and adult guinea pigs, in addition to causing germ‐cell degeneration, especially in primary spermatocytes, and leading to the premature detachment of spherical spermatids, the antiandrogen treatment increased the relative volume of Leydig cells. In addition, ultrastructural evaluation indicated that irrespective of age antiandrogen treatment causes an increase in frequency of organelles involved with steroid hormone synthesis in the Leydig cells and a dramatic accumulation of myelin figures in their cytoplasm and, to a larger degree, in Sertoli cells. In conclusion, the transient exposition of the guinea pigs to flutamide, at all postnatal ages causes some degenerative lesions including severe premature detachment of spermatids and accumulation of myelin bodies in Leydig and Sertoli cells, compromising, at least temporarily, the spermatogenesis.  相似文献   

Assessment of DNA Damage during In Vitro Development of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos: Effect of Cysteamine     

A Mukherjee  D Kumar  KP Singh  MS Chauhan  SK Singla  P Palta  RS Manik 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1118-1121

Comet assay was used in the present study to examine DNA damage to buffalo oocytes and embryos during in vitro culture. Embryos were produced in vitro from oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries in presence of cysteamine (IVM and IVC media supplemented with 50 and 100 μm , respectively) or in its absence (controls). Compared to controls, cysteamine supplementation increased (p < 0.01) cleavage rate and proportion of oocytes that developed to 8‐ to 16‐cell stage. The incidence of DNA damage was lower (p < 0.01) in cysteamine group than that in controls at 8‐ to 16‐ (19.3 ± 4.24 vs 72.0 ± 5.22%) but not in 2‐cell stage embryos (11.7 ± 5.63 vs 20.8 ± 5.49%) or in mature oocytes (5.3 ± 3.43 vs 10.3 ± 4.73%). The tail length, which indicates magnitude of DNA damage, was shorter (p < 0.01) in cysteamine group than in controls in mature oocytes (25.5 ± 0.5 vs 36.0 ± 0.71 pixels) and 8‐ to 16‐cell stage (49.2 ± 1.64 vs 152.7 ± 1.28 pixels) but not in 2‐cell stage embryos (36.3 ± 1.54 vs 36.4 ± 0.75 pixels). Also, exposure of oocytes/embryos to UV radiation or H₂O₂ caused extensive DNA damage. In conclusion, these results suggest that oocytes/embryos suffer from DNA damage during progress of in vitro culture, which can be partly ameliorated by cysteamine supplementation of culture media.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with root rots of field pea in North Dakota     

Kishore Chittem  Febina M. Mathew  Matthew Gregoire  Robin S. Lamppa  Yen Wei Chang  Samuel G. Markell  Carl A. Bradley  Tharcisse Barasubiye  Rubella S. Goswami 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,143(4):641-649

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Off-axis crustal thickness across and along the east pacific rise within the MELT area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JP Canales  RS Detrick  S Bazin  AJ Harding  JA Orcutt 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5367):1218-1221

Wide-angle seismic data along the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) arrays show that the thickness of 0.5- to 1. 5-million-year-old crust of the Nazca Plate is not resolvably different from that of the Pacific Plate, despite an asymmetry in depth and gravity across this portion of the East Pacific Rise. Crustal thickness on similarly aged crust on the Nazca plate near a magmatically robust part of the East Pacific Rise at 17 degrees15'S is slightly thinner (5.1 to 5.7 kilometers) than at the 15 degrees55'S overlapping spreading center (5.8 to 6.3 kilometers). This small north-south off-axis crustal thickness difference may reflect along-axis temporal variations in magma supply, whereas the across-axis asymmetry in depth and gravity must be caused by density variations in the underlying mantle.  相似文献   

The Establishment of Early Pregnancy in Cows     

DC Wathes  RS Robinson  GE Mann  GE Lamming 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(3-4):279-284

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Superovulatory Response and Embryo Recovery after Treatment with Different Gonadotrophin during Induced Luteal Phase inCamelus dromedarius     

Vyas S  Rai AK  Goswami PK  Singh AK  Sahani MS  Khanna ND 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(6):557-565

Superovulation, embryo recovery and transfer were attempted in 19 dromedary camels of about 6-10 years of age, and having calved at least once. Superovulation was done using two commercially available porcine FSH preparations, FSH-I (II donors) and FSH-2 (8 donors) during a luteal phase created by inducing ovulation with hCG. The superovulatory response was assessed by ultrasonography. The embryo recovery was attempted non-surgically in sitting position on day 8 and day 7 after first mating in one FSH-1 and one FSH-2 group, respectively. Considerable individual variation in response to the superovulatory stimulus was observed. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of superovulatory response and embryo recovery (p > 0.05). In total 30 embryos were recovered from 17 donors (1.51 embryos/donor). Recipients were synchronized with donors using hCG. Eight embryos were transferred, resulting in two pregnancies and live births.  相似文献   

Corpus Luteum–Endometrium–Embryo Interactions in the Dairy Cow: Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance     

RS Robinson  AJ Hammond  DC Wathes  MG Hunter  GE Mann 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):104-112

Conception rates of dairy cows are currently declining at an estimated 1% every year. Approximately, 35% of embryos fail to prevent luteolysis during the first three weeks of gestation. Interactions between the corpus luteum, endometrium and embryo are critical to the successful establishment of pregnancy and inadequacies will result in the mortality of the embryo. For example, as little as a one day delay in the post-ovulatory rise of progesterone has serious consequences for embryo development and survival. Recently, we found that LH support, degree of vascularization and luteal cell steroidogenic capacity were not the major factors responsible for this luteal inadequacy, but are nevertheless essential for luteal development and function. Progesterone acting on its receptor in the endometrium stimulates the production of endometrial secretions on which the free-living embryo is dependent. However, their exact composition and effects of inadequate progesterone remains to be determined. The embryo is recognized through its secretion of interferon tau (IFNT), which suppresses luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F_2α. In the cow, it is most likely that IFNT inhibits oxytocin receptor up-regulation directly and does not require the prior inhibition of oestrogen receptor α (ESR1). Unravelling the precise luteal-endometrium and embryo interactions is essential for us to understand pregnancy establishment and development of strategies to reverse the declining fertility of dairy cows.  相似文献   

Morphology and mechanical properties of sisal fibre/vinyl ester composites     

Kalpana Mahato  Sudipta Goswami  Apoorva Ambarkar 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(6):1310-1320

Sisal fibres were subjected to a 2 % sodium hydroxide solution treatment for 2, 5 and 8 h at 35 °C. Change in chemical composition of the alkali treated fibres in comparison to that of the untreated fibres was evaluated. Fibres were characterized with respect to its FTIR, linear density, crystallinity, tenacity, modulus and % breaking strain. Tenacity of the fibres increased initially and then decreased as the time of alkali treatment was increased. Modulus of elasticity of the fibres increased with increase in alkali treatment time. Fibres lost breaking strain (%) gradually with increase in treatment time. Variation in mechanical properties of composites was studied with respect to the duration time of alkali treatment of fibres. The failure mode was particularly investigated before and after treatment for better understanding of the effect of alkali treatment.  相似文献