Lupinosis in yearling cattle     

JT MACKIE  RS RAHALEY  R BENNETT 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(7):172-173

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Simulation of the economic impact of proliferative enteritis on pig production in Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PK HOLYOAKE  BP MULLAN†  RS CUTLER 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(3):89-92

The economic impact of proliferative enteritis (PE) on an ‘average’ pig farm was calculated using the AUSPIG decision support system. Inputs were modelled on actual cases of PE, in which affected herds suffered from depressed growth rate, decreased feed efficiency and stock losses. The costs associated with non-haemorrhagic PE and proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy ranged from $15/sow/yr to $141/sow/yr, respectively, depending on the clinical severity of the disease, incidence of infection and the type of medication strategy used to treat and control the disease.  相似文献   

Preliminary investigations of the distribution of Escherichia coli O149 in sows, piglets, and their environment     

Goswami PS  Friendship RM  Gyles CL  Poppe C  Boerlin P 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(1):57-60

Little is known about the sources and kinetics of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization in pigs during the pre-and post-weaning period. In this study, farrowing pens, sows, and piglets were tested for the presence of E. coli O149 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after bacterial culture pre-enrichment on 2 farms, one with a history of post-weaning diarrhea (problem farm - PF) and the other without such a history (non-problem farm - NPF). Unlike those on the PF, the sows from the NPF did not carry E. coli O149 before parturition, although they were colonized to frequencies similar to animals on the PF soon afterwards. Most piglets from the NPF were colonized within a week after birth, whereas only a small proportion of those on the PF were colonized during that period. No difference was observed in the frequency of piglet colonization at the 2 farms either at weaning or during the following week. Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), which is caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), is a multifactorial disease. The presence of ETEC alone is not always sufficient for the disease to develop. Many other factors are considered to be associated with the occurrence of PWD, including feed type (1,2), feeding regimen (1,3,4), the presence of other infectious agents (3,5), weaning age, and weight (6). Weaning, which is considered to be a major physiological and psychological stress factor, is critical for the disease to occur (7). Although piglets are already colonized with ETEC before weaning (4,8), on many farms, clinical disease occurs only after weaning (1). Both sows (9,10) and the environment (6) could be possible sources of infection for piglets, but results from previous studies have not resolved this issue because of the low sensitivity of ETEC detection methods. This study provides preliminary data based on a sensitive detection method for E. coli O149 in pigs and their environment. The results demonstrate the potential of real-time PCR for future studies on this topic.  相似文献   

Activation of Zona‐Free Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Oocytes by Chemical or Electrical stimulation,and Subsequent Parthenogenetic Embryo Development     

A George  RA Shah  R Sharma  P Palta  SK Singla  RS Manik  MS Chauhan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(3):444-447

Parthenogenetic activation using zona‐free oocytes offers an alternative model that could be applied to develop protocols for the activation of reconstructed embryos for cloning. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different methods for the activation of zona‐free buffalo oocytes in terms of their effects on the developmental competence of parthenogenetic embryos. The effects of zona removal on parthenogenetic activation and in vitro developmental competence of metaphase II oocytes were also examined. All activation methods were followed by incubation of 2 mm 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP) for 4 h. Out of three different pulse strengths (1.2, 2.1 or 3.3 kV/cm) used, 2.1 kV/cm resulted in the highest blastocyst rate (25.3%). On comparing different chemical agents and electric pulse, highest blastocyst rate was observed for calcium ionophore (CaI) (28.6%) followed by ethanol (25.0%), electric pulse (22.5%) and combined CaI and ethanol treatment (16.7%) although differences among them were not significant. Furthermore, a significantly reduced developmental potential was observed in zona‐free oocytes when compared to zona‐intact ones up to the blastocyst stage (44.3% vs 27.1%). In conclusion, zona‐free buffalo oocytes can be successfully activated for parthenogenetic development using chemical or electrical stimulation. Out of different agents examined, CaI followed by 6‐DMAP resulted in the highest blastocyst rate.  相似文献   

Entomotoxic effect of silica nanoparticles against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sitophilus oryzae</Emphasis> (L.)     

Nitai Debnath  Sumistha Das  Dipankar Seth  Ramesh Chandra  Somesh Ch. Bhattacharya  Arunava Goswami 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(1):99-105

Fumigants and residual insecticides are commonly used to combat stored grain pests. In recent years, consumer awareness of the health hazard from residual toxicity and the growing problem of insect resistance to these conventional insecticides have led the researchers to look for alternative strategies for stored grains protection. For example, diatomaceous earth (DE) can be effective against stored grain insects. In this study, DE was used to design amorphous nano sized hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and lipophilic silica in 15–30 nm size range. Nanocides are expected to reduce the volume of application and kinetics of development of resistance in pests. We hypothesized that surface-functionalized silica nanoparticle (SNP) might be a viable alternative to conventional pesticides. Entomotoxicity of SNP was tested against rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae and its efficacy was compared with bulk-sized silica (individual particles larger than 1 μm). Amorphous SNP was found to be highly effective against this insect pest causing more than 90% mortality, indicating the effectiveness of SNP to control insect pests.  相似文献   

Short-lived nuclides in hibonite grains from Murchison: evidence for solar system evolution     

Marhas KK  Goswami JN  Davis AM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5601):2182-2185

Records of now-extinct short-lived nuclides in meteorites provide information about the formation and evolution of the solar system. We have found excess 10B that we attribute to the decay of short-lived 10Be (half-life 1.5 million years) in hibonite grains from the Murchison meteorite. The grains show no evidence of decay of two other short-lived nuclides-26Al (half-life 700,000 years) and 41Ca (half-life 100,000 years)-that may be present in early solar system solids. One plausible source of the observed 10Be is energetic particle irradiation of material in the solar nebula. An effective irradiation dose of approximately 2 x 10(18) protons per square centimeter with a kinetic energy of >/=10 megaelectronvolts per atomic mass unit can explain our measurements. The presence of 10Be, coupled with the absence of 41Ca and 26Al, may rule out energetic particle irradiation as the primary source of 41Ca and 26Al present in some early solar system solids and strengthens the case of a stellar source for 41Ca and 26Al.  相似文献   

Clinical use of atracurium in horses undergoing ophthalmic surgery     

JM  Senior  KJ Robinson  AHA Dugdale  CM Price  WA Adams  RS Jones 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(4):207-208

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Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside,a Nitric Oxide Donor,and Aminoguanidine,a Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor,on In Vitro Development of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos     

S Saugandhika  D Kumar  MK. Singh  R Shah  T Anand  MS Chauhan  RS Manik  S K Singla  P Palta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):931-933

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Stammapplikationen im Obstbau mit nanostrukturierten Silikaten gegen die Blutlaus Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.) und den Gemeinen Ohrwurm Forficula auricularia L.     

Bettina Welke  Inga Mewis  Tanja Mucha-Pelzer  Arunava Goswami  Christian Ulrichs 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2008,60(1):15-21

The present work deals with a new strategy to control Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.) in apple and Forficula auricularia?(L.) in apricots. With common insecticides, both pests are difficult to control. Although F.?auricularia is regarded as a beneficial insect, in ecological agriculture it has the potential to cause severe economical damage in apricots. In apple and apricot orchards we tested treatments on the bark with diatomaceous earth (DE) products to prevent insects from reaching the tree crown. DE has been applied as liquid (“Fossil Shield^®” translucend) by a backpack sprayer or electrostatically as powder (“Fossil Shield^®” 90.0?s). In some trials we covered the treated area with a plastic funnel (fruitcap) in order to protect the silica-product from wind and rain. Experiments were evaluated weekly and number of insects in the tree crown was counted. During the first two months after treatment E.?lanigerum population in the crown was reduced by 98.2%. However, over the whole period of six month the barriers turned out to be ineffective (p?=?0.617). Winged adults have been capable to pass the barriere. In contrast to this fruitcap barriers were able to keep F. auricularia away from the crown (p?=?0.000). They have been as effective as standard treatment using glue. In such treatments apricot yield increased 6-fold for the cultivar “Goldrich” and 5.5-fold for the cultivar “Hargrand”.  相似文献   

Modeling of abrasion resistance of Persian handmade wool carpets using response surface methodology     

Shravan Kumar Gupta  Kamal Kanti Goswami  Abhijit Majumdar 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(4):637-643

The effect of knot density, pile height, number of ply in pile yarn and pile yarn twist on abrasion resistance of Persian handmade wool carpets has been studied. The interaction between the process variables has been analyzed by using response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design of experiment. Knot density, pile height, interactions between knot density and pile height; pile height and pile yarn twist; as well as squares of the knot density, pile height and number of ply in pile yarn are significant process variables. The minimum abrasion loss occurs at the combination(s) of medium values of knot density (six knots per inch) and number of ply in pile yarn (three ply) as well as lower values of pile height (ten mm) and pile yarn twist (three and a half twists per inch).  相似文献