The effect of supplementing sheep with rapeseed and linseed oils on the activity of pancreatic digestive enzymes          下载免费PDF全文

Barbara Kowalik  Małgorzata P. Majewska  Renata Miltko  Grzegorz Bełżecki 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1194-1198

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of rapeseed and linseed oils added to the diet on pancreatic enzyme activities in sheep. The experiment was conducted on six adult sheep with a catheter introduced into the common bile–pancreatic duct and a T‐cannula into the duodenum. The animals were divided into three groups, two sheep in each. A twice‐replicated 3 × 3 Latin square was used in the experimental design. The sheep were fed meadow hay and the concentrate alone or the same ration supplemented with rapeseed or linseed oils at a dose of 5% of the basal diet. After adaptation period, a mixture of pancreatic and bile juice was collected for three consecutive days. The secretion of bile–pancreatic juice showed an increasing trend in sheep fed rapeseed and linseed oils (69.5 and 68.5 ml/hr respectively) in comparison with control ones (59.8 ml/hr). Lipase and trypsin activities were significantly increased when sheep were fed diets with rapeseed or linseed oils (175 and 21.6 or 179 and 23.2 U/L respectively) in comparison with those fed control diet (128 and 13.1 U/L respectively). It was concluded that oil as a dietary supplement can mainly modify the secretion of bile–pancreatic juice and enzymatic activity of the pancreas and also might affect animal production.  相似文献   

Evaluation,Description of the Technique,and Clinical Outcomes After Tibial Tuberosity Advancement With Cranial Fixation (TTA CF) for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in 22 Dogs     

Yauheni Zhalniarovich  Andrzej Sobolewski  Grzegorz Waluś  Zbigniew Adamiak 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2018,33(3):65-72

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Vesta's shape and morphology     

Jaumann R  Williams DA  Buczkowski DL  Yingst RA  Preusker F  Hiesinger H  Schmedemann N  Kneissl T  Vincent JB  Blewett DT  Buratti BJ  Carsenty U  Denevi BW  De Sanctis MC  Garry WB  Keller HU  Kersten E  Krohn K  Li JY  Marchi S  Matz KD  McCord TB  McSween HY  Mest SC  Mittlefehldt DW  Mottola S  Nathues A  Neukum G  O'Brien DP  Pieters CM  Prettyman TH  Raymond CA  Roatsch T  Russell CT  Schenk P  Schmidt BE  Scholten F  Stephan K  Sykes MV  Tricarico P  Wagner R  Zuber MT  Sierks H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6082):687-690

Vesta's surface is characterized by abundant impact craters, some with preserved ejecta blankets, large troughs extending around the equatorial region, enigmatic dark material, and widespread mass wasting, but as yet an absence of volcanic features. Abundant steep slopes indicate that impact-generated surface regolith is underlain by bedrock. Dawn observations confirm the large impact basin (Rheasilvia) at Vesta's south pole and reveal evidence for an earlier, underlying large basin (Veneneia). Vesta's geology displays morphological features characteristic of the Moon and terrestrial planets as well as those of other asteroids, underscoring Vesta's unique role as a transitional solar system body.  相似文献   

Renewable cathode materials from biopolymer/conjugated polymer interpenetrating networks     

Milczarek G  Inganäs O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6075):1468-1471

Renewable and cheap materials in electrodes could meet the need for low-cost, intermittent electrical energy storage in a renewable energy system if sufficient charge density is obtained. Brown liquor, the waste product from paper processing, contains lignin derivatives. Polymer cathodes can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole to polypyrrole in solutions of lignin derivatives. The quinone group in lignin is used for electron and proton storage and exchange during redox cycling, thus combining charge storage in lignin and polypyrrole in an interpenetrating polypyrrole/lignin composite.  相似文献   

The question of whether gut microflora of the millipede Ommatoiulus sabulosus could function as a threshold to food infections     

Jan Jarosz  Grzegorz Kania   《Pedobiologia》2000,44(6):705-708

The specific composition of bacterial flora in the intestines of O. sabulosus cannot be explained simply by antibiotic inhibition of contaminating microflora since the predominant types of bacteria present are unable to produce any bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme-like enzymes, bacteriocins or other antimicrobial molecules. The lack of microbial contaminators could rather result from the unfavourable biochemical niche in the midgut enzymes and little or no competition for the enteric bacteria group predominant in the millipede alimentary tract. In other words, the rapid colonization and overgrowth of the Ommatoiulus intestines eliminate adventitious bacteria, yeasts and moulds ingested with food.  相似文献   

Past,present and future suitable areas for the relict tree Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae): Integrating fossil records,niche modeling,and phylogeography for conservation     

Song  Yi-Gang  Walas  Łukasz  Pietras  Marcin  Sâm  Hoàng Văn  Yousefzadeh  Hamed  Ok  Tolga  Farzaliyev  Vahid  Worobiec  Grzegorz  Worobiec  Elżbieta  Stachowicz-Rybka  Renata  Boratyński  Adam  Boratyńska  Krystyna  Kozlowski  Gregor  Jasińska  Anna K. 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(6):1323-1339

European Journal of Forest Research - Pterocarya fraxinifolia, native to the southern Caucasus and adjacent areas, has been widely introduced in Europe. In this study, we investigate the following:...  相似文献   

Preliminary evidence of an endangered species benefiting from moderate climate warming: A palaeolimnological study of the charophyte Lychnothamnus barbatus     

Michał Brzozowski  Grzegorz Kowalewski  Witold Szczuciński  Lech Kaczmarek  Mariusz Pełechaty 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2673-2689

1. In a time of rapid environmental changes, identification of the effects of climate warming on charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) will enable the optimization of conservation measures, especially for extremely rare species. Lychnothamnus barbatus is one of the rarest charophytes worldwide, which has decreased in the number of occupied sites over the last century. However, the recolonization of former sites has been observed in recent years (e.g. Lake Kuźnickie, Poland). The study aimed to analyse the effects of climatic changes and human pressure on the L. barbatus population.
2. Three 30 cm sediment cores were collected from minimum, average, and maximum depths of L. barbatus occurrence to determine the past vegetation composition. Sediment cores were dated using the radioisotopes lead-210, caesium-137, and carbon-14. A spatial analysis of the lake catchment changes during the last 120 years was also conducted.
3. The study demonstrated L. barbatus presence in Lake Kuźnickie at the beginning of the 16th century. However, a sharp increase in the proportion of this species in the vegetation community occurred in the 19th century and during climate warming at the end of the Little Ice Age. Factors that significantly influenced the present occurrence of the L. barbatus population included improvement in water quality and the oospore bank deposited in the bottom sediments.
4. This study is the first palaeoreconstruction in a modern lake dominated by L. barbatus. Based on the history of L. barbatus in Lake Kuźnickie after the end of the Little Ice Age, the positive effect of climate warming on the contemporary recovery of this charophyte is postulated.
5. The reaction of L. barbatus to climate warming appears to differ from commonly accepted scenarios for aquatic macrophytes because its recovery in the past and at present coincided with increases in air temperature. This research indicated the appropriate management and conservation practices for lakes with L. barbatus populations.

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Molecular characteristics of Polish field strains of Marek's disease herpesvirus isolated from vaccinated chickens     

Grzegorz Wo?niakowski  El?bieta Samorek-Salamonowicz  Wojciech Kozdruń 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):10

Background

Twenty-nine Marek''s disease virus (MDV) strains were isolated during a 3 year period (2007-2010) from vaccinated and infected chicken flocks in Poland. These strains had caused severe clinical symptoms and lesions. In spite of proper vaccination with mono- or bivalent vaccines against Marek''s disease (MD), the chickens developed symptoms of MD with paralysis.Because of this we decided to investigate possible changes and mutations in the field strains that could potentially increase their virulence. We supposed that such mutations may have been caused by recombination with retroviruses of poultry - especially reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV).

Methods

In order to detect the possible reasons of recent changes in virulence of MDV strains, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses for meq oncogene and for long-terminal repeat (LTR) region of REV were conducted. The obtained PCR products were sequenced and compared with other MDV and REV strains isolated worldwide and accessible in the GeneBank database.

Results

Sequencing of the meq oncogene showed a 68 basepair insertion and frame shift within 12 of 24 field strains. Interestingly, the analyses also showed 0.78, 0.8, 0.82, 1.6 kb and other random LTR-REV insertions into the MDV genome in 28 of 29 of strains. These genetic inserts were present after passage in chicken embryo kidney cells suggesting LTR integration into a non-functional region of the MDV genome.

Conclusion

The results indicate the presence of a recombination between MDV and REV under field conditions in Polish chicken farms. The genetic changes within the MDV genome may influence the virus replication and its features in vivo. However, there is no evidence that meq alteration and REV insertions are related to the strains'' virulence.  相似文献   

Termite cuticular extracts improve acceptance of bait for controlling invasive Asian needle ants,Brachyponera chinensis     

Grzegorz Buczkowski 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):4004-4010

BACKGROUND

The Asian needle ant, Brachyponera chinensis, is an invasive ant currently spreading in urban and natural habitats throughout the eastern United States. Recent studies have documented the negative impact of B. chinensis on native ecosystems and human health, yet effective control strategies are lacking. Control difficulties are, in part, due to the unique biology of B. chinensis, which is a predatory ant and a termite specialist. Given that subterranean termites are an important nutritional resource for B. chinensis, the current study evaluated the potential of termite cuticular extract to improve the target-specificity and efficacy of commercial bait used for B. chinensis control.

RESULTS

The efficacy of bait augmented with termite cuticular extracts was evaluated in laboratory and field trials. In laboratory assays, B. chinensis colonies were offered granular bait treated with termite cuticular extract. Results demonstrated that the acceptance of commercial bait is significantly increased by the addition of termite cuticular extract or synthetic (Z)-9-pentacosene, a major component of termite cuticular extract. Foraging activity of Asian needle ants was significantly greater on baits augmented with termite cuticular extract or (Z)-9-pentacosene relative to standard bait. Furthermore, bait augmented with termite cuticular extract worked substantially faster relative to standard bait. To evaluate population effects, field studies were conducted in forested areas invaded by B. chinensis. Bait treated with termite cuticular extract scattered on the forest floor provided rapid control of B. chinensis and ant densities throughout the treated plots declined by 98% within 14 days.

CONCLUSION

The incorporation of termite cuticular extracts and individual cuticular hydrocarbons such as (Z)-9-pentacosene into traditional baits used for B. chinensis control may offer a novel tool to manage this increasingly problematic invasive ant. © 2023 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Use of differential scanning calorimetry to study lipid oxidation. 1. Oxidative stability of lecithin and linolenic acid     

Ulkowski M  Musialik M  Litwinienko G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(23):9073-9077

The oxidation of linolenic acid (LNA) and soy lecithin was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with linear programmed heating rates (non-isothermal mode). The interpretation of the shape of DSC curves is discussed, and it has been concluded that temperatures of the extrapolated start of heat release are the most reliable data for the rapid estimation of the oxidative stability of lipid materials. The Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method was used to calculate the kinetic parameters of the process: for LNA autoxidation the activation energy, Ea, and pre-exponential factor, Z, are 66 +/- 4 kJ/mol and 1.5 x 10(7) s(-1), respectively, and the autoxidation of lecithin is described by Ea = 98 +/- 6 kJ/mol and Z = 9.1 x 10(10) s(-1). Values of Ea and Z can be applied for calculation of the overall first-order rate constant of autoxidation at various temperatures, k(T). For the two studied lipids the comparison of k(T) values shows the inversion of their oxidative stabilities; that is, below 167 degrees C lecithin is more stable than LNA, k(T)lecithin < k(T)LNA, and above that temperature (termed the isokinetic temperature) k(T)lecithin > k(T)LNA. The calculated inversion of oxidative stabilities can be an explanation of similar observations for other pairs of lipids if the results of accelerated tests measured at temperatures above 100 degrees C are compared with the results obtained at temperatures below 100 degrees C.  相似文献