Distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dickeya</Emphasis> spp. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium carotovorum</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">carotovorum</Emphasis> in naturally infected seed potatoes     

Robert Czajkowski  Grzegorz J. Grabe  Jan M. van der Wolf 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(2):263-275

Detailed studies were conducted on the distribution of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Dickeya spp. in two potato seed lots of different cultivars harvested from blackleg-diseased crops. Composite samples of six different tuber sections (peel, stolon end, and peeled potato tissue 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 cm from the stolon end) were analysed by enrichment PCR, and CVP plating followed by colony PCR on the resulting cavity-forming bacteria. Seed lots were contaminated with Dickeya spp. and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), but not with P. atrosepticum. Dickeya spp. and Pcc were found at high concentrations in the stolon ends, whereas relatively low densities were found in the peel and in deeper located potato tissue. Rep-PCR, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and biochemical assays, grouped all the Dickeya spp. isolates from the two potato seed lots as biovar 3. The implications of the results for the control of Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp., and sampling strategies in relation to seed testing, are discussed.  相似文献   

Semen biology of vendace (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coregonus albula</Emphasis> L.)     

Grzegorz J. Dietrich  Mariola Dietrich  Piotr Hliwa  Robert Stabinski  Joanna Nynca  Aneta Andronowska  Andrzej Ciereszko 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):419-425

The objective of this study was to describe the morphometry and motility parameters of vendace (Coregonus albula) spermatozoa. Morphometric parameters of vendace sperm head and tail were of values similar to rainbow trout. The effects of pH, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations on computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) sperm motility characteristics were tested. Vendace sperm was motile in a wide pH range of 6.0–10.5 with the optimum pH established at 9.0. Increases in potassium and calcium ions caused decreases in the percentage of motile sperm. The CASA parameters and erratic sperm movement pattern of vendace spermatozoa were similar to whitefish (C. lavaretus) sperm motility, suggesting that there is a coregonid-specific sperm motility pattern.  相似文献   

The use of bromelain as a feed additive in fish diets: Growth performance,intestinal morphology,digestive enzyme and immune response of juvenile Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus)     

Grzegorz Wiszniewski  Sylwia Jarmo&#x;owicz  Mohamed S. Hassaan  Eman Y. Mohammady  Mohamed R. Soaudy  Joanna &#x;uczy&#x;ska  Elzbieta To&#x;ska  Elzbieta Terech‐Majewska  Teresa Ostaszewska  Maciej Kamaszewski  Marek Skrobisz  Antoni Adamski  Patrycja Schulz  Edyta Kaczorek  Andrzej Siwicki 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(6):1289-1299

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from Ananas comosus and has great potential to affect several physiological functions. The current study examined the effect of bromelain added to commercial feed at concentrations of 0 g (control), 10 g (B1) and 20 g (B2) per kg diet on growth, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme and immune response of juvenile Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) for 56 days. At the end of this experiment, the highest final body weight was detected in fish fed diet of B2 compared to control. The protein content of whole fish was higher in fish fed diet of B1 and B2, but the content of calcium, iron, copper and zinc was noted lower in fillets of fish fed diet of B1 and B2. Supplementation with bromelain significantly increased the height of mucosal folds, enterocytes and the supranuclear zone of the epithelial cells compared to control diet. The enzymatic activity of lipase and pepsin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in fish fed diet of B1 and B2. The highest activity of lysozyme, total protein level and total immunoglobulin and the proliferative activity of T and B cells were detected in fish fed diet of B2 compared to control, where no significant (p > 0.05) difference was found in ceruloplasmin, metabolic activity of spleen macrophages and potential killing activity of spleen phagocytes between different treatments.  相似文献   

Impact of Cameraria ohridella on Aesculus hippocastanum growth and long-term effects of trunk injection with pesticides     

Radosław Jagiełło  Grzegorz Iszkuło  Piotr Karolewski  Edward Baraniak  Marian J. Giertych 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(1):33-43

Defoliation caused annually by Cameraria ohridella has a considerable impact on the general condition of horse chestnut trees. We investigated the consequences of tree endotherapy against this insect. Wood samples, leaves and insect specimens were collected ten years after the treatment (injection) with pesticides. Insect invasion was manifested in all investigated trees by distinct radial growth depression. Treatment resulted in a growth upturn, while non-treated trees maintained decreased growth. The overall foliage infestation level was lower in treated trees, but pupal mass and potential fecundity of insect females were not affected. Our study revealed a long-lasting, positive effect of endotherapy on trees’ appearance and growth.  相似文献   

The impact of gastrointestinal parasites infection on slaughter efficiency in pigs     

Knecht D  Jankowska A  Zaleśny G 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,184(2-4):291-297

The aim of the present study was to determine an influence of parasites invasion on fodder consumption and slaughter yield of fatteners in three different maintenance systems. The experimental part of the study was conducted on pigs farm producing in a close cycle. The study on internal parasites of fatteners were conducted based on coproscopic methods. In order to describe the relationship between following variables: meatiness, slaughter yield, fodder consumption and mean EPG value, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The analysis between fodder consumption and maintenance system and fodder consumption and helminths infection did not demonstrate any significant relationship. The analysis between slaughter yield and meatiness and an infection demonstrated in turn a decrease in both parameters values in the two maintenance systems, i.e. in fatteners kept on litter meatiness decrease in infected fatteners of 4.2% and yield of 1.7%. On slatted floor meatiness decrease in infected fatteners of 6.1% and yield of 2.7%. The decreasing tendency in meat content (3.7%) and in slaughter yield (1.1%) was also observed in fatteners maintained on deep litter, however the values were not significant statistically.  相似文献   

Evidence for a functional second thymus in mice     

Terszowski G  Müller SM  Bleul CC  Blum C  Schirmbeck R  Reimann J  Pasquier LD  Amagai T  Boehm T  Rodewald HR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5771):284-287

The thymus organ supports the development of T cells and is located in the thorax. Here, we report the existence of a second thymus in the mouse neck, which develops after birth and grows to the size of a small lymph node. The cervical thymus had a typical medulla-cortex structure, was found to support T cell development, and could correct T cell deficiency in athymic nude mice upon transplantation. The identification of a regular second thymus in the mouse may provide evolutionary links to thymus organogenesis in other vertebrates and suggests a need to reconsider the effect of thoracic thymectomy on de novo T cell production.  相似文献   

Weak competitive ability may explain decline of Taxus baccata     

Grzegorz Iszku?o  Yakiv Didukh  Marian J. Giertych  Anna K. Jasińska  Karolina Sobierajska  Janusz Szmyt 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(6):705-712

Context

Taxus woodlands suffer from a lack of natural regeneration across its whole distribution range.

Aims

In Knyazhdvir Reserve in Ukraine Taxus baccata primarily competes with Abies alba. It has been assumed that in the conditions of deep shade, yews have a greater competitive advantage than firs.

Methods

To verify this hypothesis, a plot with both species growing under the canopy was established. Wood samples were taken from 20 trees of T. baccata and 20 trees of A. alba.

Results

There were no differences in the mean tree-ring width, height and age between both species. Due to a lack of spatial separation of both species, yews and firs inhabited the same area in the analysed plot. Fir seedlings (up to 0.5?m) were recorded to grow under yew saplings (above 0.5?m), but the inverse situation of yew seedlings growing under fir saplings was not seen.

Conclusion

Seedling distribution, tree-ring growth rate, possibility of growth of fir seedlings under yew saplings and greater potential growth suggested that fir was predisposed to having the competitive edge over yew. Our results may confirm the hypothesis that T. baccata has a restricted distribution because of weak competitive abilities and can exist only in habitats where faster growing species are absent. The results call into question the prevailing opinion that human influences are the principal cause for the decline of T. baccata.  相似文献   

Orexin B affects the transcriptome of incubated in vitro porcine endometrial explants from the early-implantation period     

Kamil Dobrzyn  Marta Kiezun  Karol Szeszko  Katarzyna Kisielewska  Edyta Rytelewska  Marlena Gudelska  Ewa Zaobidna  Kinga Bors  Grzegorz Kopij  Karolina Szymanska  Barbara Kaminska  Tadeusz Kaminski  Nina Smolinska 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(2):239-253

  相似文献   

Assessing genetic diversity of Polish wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis>) varieties using microsatellite markers     

Łukasz Stępień  Volker Mohler  Jan Bocianowski  Grzegorz Koczyk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1499-1506

Fifty-three wheat cultivars have been genotyped using 24 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers in order to evaluate genetic similarities among Polish wheats, i.e. 53 spring and winter cultivars; ‘Chinese Spring’ was taken as reference. ll but one SSR marker allowed to identify DNA polymorphisms, giving in total 166 alleles (including nulls), from 3 to 13 alleles per marker with mean of 7.22. Based on marker data, genetic similarities were calculated and a dendrogram was created. ‘Spring’ cultivars were less diverse than winter ones, showing the biggest similarity to ‘Chinese Spring’. Four sister cultivars (Nutka, Tonacja, Zyta and Sukces), formed a cluster of very similar materials, of which Zyta and Sukces had the highest similarity indices. Parental lines Jubilatka and SMH 2182 were more distant from each other (genetic similarity of 0.227). It was possible to differentiate all the wheats using only four SSR markers: Xgwm186, Xgwm389, Xgwm459 and Xgwm577.  相似文献   

Changes of surface, fine pore and variable charge properties of a brown forest soil under various tillage practices   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Grzegorz Jzefaciuk  Attila Muranyi  Alicja Szatanik-Kloc  Csilla Farkas  Csaba Gyuricza 《Soil & Tillage Research》2001,59(3-4):127-135

Effects of 6 years no-tillage (NT), ploughing, disking and the two last treatments combined with loosening on surface area, water vapor adsorption energy, variable charge and fine pore properties of a brown forest soils were studied using water vapor adsorption–desorption, back-titration and mercury intrusion measurements. The studied soil properties altered markedly under mechanical tillage treatment as compared to NT soil. The radii and the volumes of cryptopores (sizes from 1 to a few tens of nanometers) decreased and the opposite was found for ultramicropores (sizes from a few tens of nanometers to around 10 μm). However, fractal dimension of cryptopores and ultramicropores had changed very slightly, indicating that general geometrical structure of the fine pore system in the studied range (ca 1 nm–10 μm) remained unaltered despite pore size-shift. Surface areas and the amount of variable surface charge were markedly lower in mechanically tilled soil. A decrease of organic matter content was observed as well. Decrease of water vapor adsorption energy and increase of the fraction of strongly acidic surface functional groups accompanied mechanical tillage treatments.  相似文献