Studies on the metabolism of hydroxybenzonitrile herbicides: I. Mass spectrometric identification     

Benedikt Graß  Helmut Mayer  Jürgen Nolte  Gudrun Preuß  Ninette Zullei‐Seibert 《Pest management science》2000,56(1):49-59

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Sequence variants in the RNF212 gene associate with genome-wide recombination rate     

Kong A  Thorleifsson G  Stefansson H  Masson G  Helgason A  Gudbjartsson DF  Jonsdottir GM  Gudjonsson SA  Sverrisson S  Thorlacius T  Jonasdottir A  Hardarson GA  Palsson ST  Frigge ML  Gulcher JR  Thorsteinsdottir U  Stefansson K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5868):1398-1401

The genome-wide recombination rate varies between individuals, but the mechanism controlling this variation in humans has remained elusive. A genome-wide search identified sequence variants in the 4p16.3 region correlated with recombination rate in both males and females. These variants are located in the RNF212 gene, a putative ortholog of the ZHP-3 gene that is essential for recombinations and chiasma formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. It is noteworthy that the haplotype formed by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the highest recombination rate in males is associated with a low recombination rate in females. Consequently, if the frequency of the haplotype changes, the average recombination rate will increase for one sex and decrease for the other, but the sex-averaged recombination rate of the population can stay relatively constant.  相似文献   

Occurrence and significance of bacteria in living trees of Populus nigra L.     

Gudrun Tiedemann  J. Bauch  E. Bock 《Forest Pathology》1977,7(6):364-374

On the occurrence and significance of bacteria in living trees of Populus nigra L. Eleven strains of bacteria were isolated from sapwood and heartwood of living poplar trees (Populus nigra L.) and identified mostly as Erwinia, Xanthomonas, Agrobacterium and Acinetobacter. Most of them were able to attack milled wood and the wood components pectin, hemicelluloses and holocellulose; α-cellulose and lignin were not consumed. The capillary liquid in the xylem of poplar served as a nutrient for the isolated bacteria. The significance of these bacteria for wetwood formation is discussed.  相似文献   

Enzymaktivität und Wassergehalt einiger pannonischer Alluvial-Schotter-Böden     

Gudrun Malicky-Schlatte  Hans Malicky 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1967,116(3):190-199

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Analysis of the prevalence of distichiasis in the dog breed Elo     

Kaufhold J  Hamann H  Steinbach G  Gordon S  Brahm R  Grussendorf H  Rosenhagen CU  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(5-6):233-237

The Elo is a recently established dog breed in which the eye anomaly distichiasis has been frequently observed. Out of a total of 234 Elo dogs ophthalmologically examined over four years, 27.8% of the dogs showed between 1 and 31 distichia. There were twice as many distichia in the upper than in the lower eyelid. Litter size, the number of examinations of Elo dogs per ophthalmologist and the proportion of genes of the Eurasian dog had a significant influence on the prevalence of distichiasis. The error probability for the inbreeding coefficient and the proportion of genes of the Old English Sheepdog were just above the significance limit of p = 0.05. No significance was found for the remaining effects. Heritability for distichiasis was estimated using a linear animal model. After transformation of the linear observed estimate onto the underlying liability scale the heritability estimate was h2 = 0.43.  相似文献   

Evaluation of rapid assays for the detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus A and Cryptosporidium parvum in faecal samples of calves     

Klein D  Kern A  Lapan G  Benetka V  Möstl K  Hassl A  Baumgartner W 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(3):484-486

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Proanthocyanidins: target compounds as antibacterial agents     

Mayer R  Stecher G  Wuerzner R  Silva RC  Sultana T  Trojer L  Feuerstein I  Krieg C  Abel G  Popp M  Bobleter O  Bonn GK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):6959-6966

Grape seeds accumulate in huge quantities as byproduct during wine production and are therefore a cheap source for pharmacologically active agents. However, studies prove poor antibacterial activity, and results of analyses are sometimes contradictory. The aim of this study was, thus, to determine the antibacterial activity of grape seed extracts with special focus on the chromatographic characterization of active fractions. In the course of these investigations, extraction protocols were optimized so that microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) guaranteed highest preconcentration efficiency. Proanthocyanidins, monomeric flavonoid aglycones, as well as some of their glycosides could be identified within yielded extracts via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). By that means the coherence number of possible isomers of procyanidins was approximated by a newly developed equation. As far as antibacterial activity determined via screening tests is concerned, the extracts generally have been found to be positively responsive toward 10 different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria strains. After fractionation of the raw extracts, proanthocyanidins P2, P3, P4 and gallate esters P2G and P3G (P = proanthocyanidin consisting of catechin and epicatechin units, n = oligomerization degree, G = gallate ester) were determined as active antibacterial agents toward 10 different pathogens. Only moderate activity was found for monomeric flavonoid fractions.  相似文献   

Preface     

Sabine U. Gerbersdorf  Rui M. L. Ferreira  Gudrun Hillebrand 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(10):3041-3043

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Clinical effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane in lambs     

Vettorato E  Schöffmann G  Burke JG  Gibson AJ  Clutton ER 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(5):495-502

Objective To compare isoflurane and sevoflurane in lambs undergoing prolonged anaesthesia for spinal surgery. Study design Prospective randomised clinical study. Animals Eighteen Scottish blackface lambs 3–6 weeks of age and weighing 10–17 kg. Methods After intramuscular medetomidine, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with either isoflurane (group I) or sevoflurane (group S) delivered in oxygen. Meloxicam, morphine, a constant rate infusion of ketamine and atracurium were given intravenously (IV) during surgery. Lungs were ventilated to maintain normocapnia. with peak inspiratory pressures of 20–25 cmH₂O. Ephedrine or dextran 40% was administered when mean arterial pressure (MAP) was <55 mmHg. Intrathecal morphine, and IV meloxicam and edrophonium were injected before recovery. Time to loss of palpebral reflex (TLPR) upon induction, cardiorespiratory variables, time at first swallowing and other movement, tracheal extubation, vocalisation, spontaneous head lifting (>1 minute), reunion with the ewe, and the number of MAP treatments were recorded. Statistical analysis utilised anova , Mann–Whitney, t‐test or Pearson’s correlation test as relevant. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results End‐tidal carbon dioxide (mean ± SD) was significantly lower in group S (5.5 ± 0.6 kPa) than in group I (5.8 ± 0.5 kPa) while MAP (70 ± 11 mmHg) and diastolic arterial blood pressure (60 ± 11 mmHg) were higher in group S than in group I (65 ± 12 and 54 ± 11 mmHg, respectively). No differences were found with TLPR and MAP treatments. Time (median, range) from end of anaesthesia to ewe‐lamb reunion was briefer (p = 0.018) in group S (48, 20–63 minutes). Conclusion Isoflurane and sevoflurane are both suitable for maintaining general anaesthesia in lambs although sevoflurane, as used in this study, allows a more rapid reunion with the ewe. Clinical relevance The principal advantage of sevoflurane over isoflurane during prolonged anaesthesia in lambs is a more rapid recovery.  相似文献   

Feeding of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 differentially affects shedding of enteric viruses in pigs     

Kreuzer S  Machnowska P  Aßmus J  Sieber M  Pieper R  Schmidt MF  Brockmann GA  Scharek-Tedin L  Johne R 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):58

Effects of probiotic bacteria on viral infections have been described previously. Here, two groups of sows and their piglets were fed with or without feed supplementation of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415. Shedding of enteric viruses naturally occurring in these pigs was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. No differences between the groups were recorded for hepatitis E virus, encephalomyocarditis virus and norovirus. In contrast, astrovirus was exclusively detected in the non-supplemented control group. Rotavirus was shedded later and with lower amounts in the probiotic piglet group (p < 0.05); rotavirus-shedding piglets gained less weight than non-infected animals (p < 0.05). Serum titres of anti-rotavirus IgA and IgG antibodies were higher in piglets from the control group, whereas no difference was detected between sow groups. Phenotype analysis of immune cell antigens revealed significant differences of the CD4 and CD8β (p < 0.05) as well as CD8α and CD25 (p < 0.1) T cell populations of the probiotic supplemented group compared to the non-supplemented control group. In addition, differences were evident for CD21/MHCII-positive (p < 0.05) and IgM-positive (p < 0.1) B cell populations. The results indicate that probiotic bacteria could have effects on virus shedding in naturally infected pigs, which depend on the virus type. These effects seem to be caused by immunological changes; however, the distinct mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.  相似文献