Neurogenic inflammation in the upper digestive tract of the mule duck: effect of a chemical algogen and force-feeding     

Servière J  Carriere M  Duvaux-Ponter C  Guy G  Roussel S 《British poultry science》2011,52(6):792-799

1.?The objectives were to quantify the presence of neurogenic inflammation in 4 regions of the upper digestive tract of anaesthetised ducks (post-pharynx, pseudo-crop, transition between the pseudo-crop and the proventriculus, and proventriculus) after application of HCl stimulation of up to 4?M in the pseudo-crop.

2.?The second objective was to quantify the presence of neurogenic inflammation in the same digestive tract regions as mentioned above during 4 feeding periods of foie gras production (rearing, preparation to force-feeding, and second and last meals of the force-feeding period).

3.?Extravasation increased above a HCl stimulation threshold of 2?M. Furthermore, more extravasation was observed in the proventriculus compared to the other regions (P?

4.?Highest extravasation responses were observed in the proventriculus and the pseudo-crop at the end of the preparation period, and in the proventriculus after the second forced meal, compared with the rearing period (P?

5.?Such a kinetic could be indicative of a relative mildness of the irritant components associated with this feeding practice.  相似文献   

Birnavirus-associated proventriculitis in French broiler chickens     

Marguerie J  Leon O  Albaric O  Guy JS  Guerin JL 《The Veterinary record》2011,169(15):394-396

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Treatment of cattle with DNA-encoded Flt3L and GM-CSF prior to immunization with Theileria parva candidate vaccine antigens induces CD4 and CD8 T cell IFN-γ responses but not CTL responses     

Mwangi DM  Honda Y  Graham SP  Pelle R  Taracha EL  Gachanja J  Nyanjui JK  Bray J  Palmer GH  Brown WC  Mwangi W 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(3-4):244-251

Theileria parva antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are prime vaccine candidates against East Coast fever in cattle. A strategy for enhancing induction of parasite-specific T cell responses by increasing recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) at the immunization site by administration of bovine Flt3L and GM-CSF prior to inoculation with DNA vaccine constructs and MVA boost was evaluated. Analysis of immune responses showed induction of significant T. parva-specific proliferation, and IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in immunized cattle. However, antigen-specific CTLs were not detected. Following lethal challenge, 5/12 immunized cattle survived by day 21, whereas all the negative controls had to be euthanized due to severe disease, indicating a protective effect of the vaccine (p<0.05). The study demonstrated the potential of this technology to elicit significant MHC class II and class I restricted IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to defined vaccine candidate antigens in a natural host, but also underscores the need to improve strategies for eliciting protective CTL responses.  相似文献   

Trial design to estimate the effect of vaccination on tuberculosis incidence in badgers     

Aznar I  McGrath G  Murphy D  Corner LA  Gormley E  Frankena K  More SJ  Martin W  O'Keeffe J  De Jong MC 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,151(1-2):104-111

The principal wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis in Ireland is the European badger. Studies in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) have shown that badgers culled in association with cattle herd tuberculosis breakdowns (focal culling) have a higher prevalence of infection than the badger population at large. This observation is one rationale for the medium term national strategy of focal badger culling. A vaccination strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in badgers is a preferred long-term option. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been shown to decrease disease severity in captive badgers under controlled conditions. As the vaccine has been tested in a controlled environment with precise information on infection pressure, it cannot be assumed a priori that the effects of vaccination are similar in the wild, where other environmental and/or ecological factors prevail. For this reason we have designed a vaccine field trial to assess the impact of vaccination on the incidence of TB infection in a wild badger population. The selected study area for the vaccine trial (approximately 755 square kilometers) is divided into three zones each of which has similar characteristics in terms of size, number of main badger setts, cattle herds, cattle and land classification type. Three vaccination levels (100%, 50% and 0%) will be allocated to the three zones in a way that a gradient of vaccination coverage North to South is achieved. The middle zone (zone B) will be vaccinated at a 50% coverage but zone A and C will be randomly allocated with 100% or 0% vaccination coverage. Vaccination within zone B will be done randomly at individual badger level. The objective of this paper is to describe the design of a field tuberculosis vaccination trial for badgers, the epidemiological methods that were used to design the trial and the subsequent data analysis. The analysis will enable us to quantify the magnitude of the observed vaccination effect on M. bovis transmission in badgers under field conditions and to improve our knowledge of the biological effects of vaccination on susceptibility and infectiousness.  相似文献   

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of gelatin hydrolysates and identification of bioactive peptides     

Herregods G  Van Camp J  Morel N  Ghesquière B  Gevaert K  Vercruysse L  Dierckx S  Quanten E  Smagghe G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(2):552-558

In this project we report on the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of a bovine gelatin hydrolysate (Bh2) that was submitted to further hydrolysis by different enzymes. The thermolysin hydrolysate (Bh2t) showed the highest in vitro ACE inhibitory activity, and interestingly a marked in vivo blood pressure-lowering effect was demonstrated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In contrast, Bh2 showed no effect in SHR, confirming the need for the extra thermolysin hydrolysis. Hence, an angiotensin I-evoked contractile response in isolated rat aortic rings was inhibited by Bh2t, but not by Bh2, suggesting ACE inhibition as the underlying antihypertensive mechanism for Bh2t. Using mass spectrometry, seven small peptides, AG, AGP, VGP, PY, QY, DY and IY or LY or HO-PY were identified in Bh2t. As these peptides showed ACE inhibitory activity and were more prominent in Bh2t than in Bh2, the current data provide evidence that these contribute to the antihypertensive effect of Bh2t.  相似文献   

Isoproturon mineralization in an agricultural soil     

Talaat El Sebaï  Marion Devers-Lamrani  Bernard Lagacherie  Nadine Rouard  Guy Soulas  Fabrice Martin-Laurent 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):427-435

The impact of soil moisture content and temperature on isoproturon (3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea [IPU]) mineralization activity was assessed on an agricultural soil regularly exposed to this herbicide. Mineralization of ¹⁴C-IPU was monitored on soil microcosms incubated at different temperatures (10°C, 20°C, 28°C) and soil moisture contents (9%, 12%, 15, 18%, 21%, 24%). An increase in temperature and/or soil moisture significantly enhanced the maximum rate and percentage of IPU mineralization while it decreased the lag time before mineralization. The maximum rate and percentage of IPU mineralization respectively ranged from 0.18% day⁻¹ and 9% for the lowest temperature and soil moisture content pair (10°C–9%) to 1.51% day⁻¹ and 27.1% for the highest pair (28°C–24%). Statistics revealed a cross interaction of temperature and soil moisture content on the maximum rate of IPU mineralization. The optimum conditions for IPU mineralization, estimated from the double Gaussian model, were 25.8°C and 24% soil moisture content. The influence of fluctuations in soil moisture content on IPU-mineralization was investigated by subjecting the soil microcosms to drought stress. When IPU was added at the end of the drought stress, it had no statistical effect on IPU mineralization. However, when it was added before the drought stress, two mineralization phases were observed: (1) one corresponding to the drought stress for which mineralization was low and (2) another one observed after restoration of soil moisture content characterized by higher mineralization rate. It can be concluded that climatic fluctuations affect the activity of IPU mineralizing microbial community, and may lead to an increase in IPU persistence.  相似文献   

Clinical,ultrasonographic, and histopathologic findings in seven horses with Descemet's membrane detachment: A case series     

Inge J. M. Slenter  Hanneke Hermans  Jos M. Ensink  Dorien S. Willems  Stefanie Veraa  Guy C. M. Grinwis  Michael H. Boev 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(1):181-189

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Resection of urachal anomalies in dogs with recurrent lower urinary tract disease     

Judith Visser DVM  Anne Kummeling DVM  PhD DECVS  Marjon A. van Nugteren DVM  Guy C. M. Grinwis DVM  PhD  Bouvien A. W. Brocks DVM  DECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(1):214-221

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Effects of a propriety oiled mixed hay feeding system on lung function,neutrophilic airway inflammation and oxidative stress in severe asthmatic horses     

Alexandra Jochmans-Lemoine  Khristine Picotte  Guy Beauchamp  Amandine Vargas  Jean-Pierre Lavoie 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(4):564-571

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Comparison of water trap pans and leaf counts as sampling techniques for green peach aphids on potatoes     

David N. Byrne  Guy W. Bishop 《American Journal of Potato Research》1979,56(5):237-241

Green peach aphid populations were monitored by using water trap pans and by taking leaf samples in 38 southwestern Idaho potato fields from 1972 to 1975. Numbers of winged aphids in trap pans were correlated with populations of aphids developing in adjacent fields but were not predictive of future population trends. Trap pan data are, however, useful in alerting growers to the possibility of damaging field populations which exist in a field at the time of sampling.  相似文献