Inclusion-body hepatitis in day-old turkeys     

J S Guy  J L Schaeffer  H J Barnes 《Avian diseases》1988,32(3):587-590

Inclusion-body hepatitis was diagnosed in 1-day-old turkeys experiencing above-average mortality. At necropsy, turkeys appeared anemic and had pale yellow livers. Histopathologic examination of affected livers revealed diffuse hepatic degeneration and multifocal necrosis, with approximately 70% of the hepatocytes containing large, basophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies. An adenovirus was isolated from affected livers and identified as a group I avian adenovirus by indirect immunofluorescence.  相似文献   

Intestinal cryptosporidiosis and reovirus isolation from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) with enteritis     

G D Ritter  D H Ley  M Levy  J Guy  H J Barnes 《Avian diseases》1986,30(3):603-608

An acute enteric disease of young pen-raised bobwhite quails was studied. Affected quails had white, watery diarrhea accompanied by dehydration and subsequent death. Mortality from hatch to 17 days of age ranged from 30 to 45% in the three flocks examined. Small intestines were thin-walled and distended with fluid and gas. Microscopic lesions in the intestinal tract consisted of villus atrophy, villus fusion, and sloughing of cells at the tip of the villi in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Cryptosporidium sp. and reovirus were identified in affected quails.  相似文献   

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: Bacteriologic,immunologic, and clinical responses of cattle to experimental exposure with Moraxella bovis     

Guy M Weech  Harland W Renshaw 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1983,6(1):81-94

The bacteriologic, immunologic, and clinical responses of 3- to 4-month old Holstein-Friesian calves to experimental exposure with Moraxella bovis type 10900 has been investigated. After u.v. radiation and intraconjunctival exposure with 1.9 × 10⁷ microorganisms, each eye of 16 calves exhibited signs of blepharospasm, photophobia, and increased lacrimation. Bacteria were recovered from exposed eyes for 2–7 consecutive weeks before maximal clinical response occurred. The severity of the cases varied from eyes that exhibited mild signs to severe clinical cases with profuse lacrimation, conjunctival swelling, corneal opacity, and ulceration. By 70 days after exposure, M. bovis could not be recovered from any conjunctival swabs, and clinical signs were not observed. Four non-exposed control animals did not develop clinical signs nor was M. bovis recovered from conjunctival swabs.Lacrimal secretions collected at the time of and 1 week after maximal clinical response had significantly elevated levels of total protein as compared to those collected 3, 2, and 1 week before, and 2 and 3 weeks after maximal clinical response. A passive hemagglutination test, using tanned formalized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with M. bovis sonicate antigen, detected antibody in lacrimal secretions from 22 of 32 eyes. The appearance of specific antibody in lacrimal secretions correlated with the amelioration of clinical signs and the decline in numbers of M. bovis microorganisms recovered from conjunctival swabs.  相似文献   

Insecticidal and fungicidal activity of new synthesized chitosan derivatives     

Rabea EI  Badawy ME  Rogge TM  Stevens CV  Höfte M  Steurbaut W  Smagghe G 《Pest management science》2005,61(10):951-960

Chitosan, the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a potential biopolysaccharide owing to its specific structure and properties. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of 24 new chitosan derivatives, N-alkyl chitosans (NAC) and N-benzyl chitosans (NBC), that are soluble in dilute aqueous acetic acid. The different derivatives were synthesized by reductive amination and analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A high degree of substitution (DS) was obtained with N-(butyl)chitosan (DS 0.36) at a 1:1 mole ratio for NAC derivatives and N-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)chitosan (DS 0.52) for NBC derivatives. Their insecticidal and fungicidal activities were tested against larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the grey mould Botrytis cinerea Pers (Leotiales: Sclerotiniaceae) and the rice leaf blast Pyricularia grisea Cavara (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr). The oral feeding bioassay indicated that all the derivatives had significant insecticidal activity at 5 g kg(-1) in artificial diet. The most active was N-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)chitosan, which caused 100% mortality at 0.625 g kg(-1), with an estimated LC50 of 0.32 g kg(-1). Treated larvae ceased feeding after 2-3 days; the mechanism of action remains unknown. In a radial hyphal growth bioassay with both plant pathogens, all derivatives showed a higher fungicidal action than chitosan. N-Dodecylchitosan, N-(p-isopropylbenzyl)chitosan and N-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)chitosan were the most active against B cinerea, with EC50 values of 0.57, 0.57 and 0.52 g litre(-1), respectively. Against P grisea, N-(m-nitrobenzyl)chitosan was the most active, with 77% inhibition at 5 g litre(-1). The effect of different substitutions is discussed in relation to insecticidal and fungicidal activity.  相似文献   

Prevalence of ulcers of the squamous gastric mucosa in standardbred horses     

Roy MA  Vrins A  Beauchamp G  Doucet MY 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(5):744-750

This study was performed to determine the prevalence of ulcers in the gastric squamous mucosa in Standardbred racehorses. Observations were performed at monthly intervals between the beginning of their training season and their 1st qualifying race. This study also identified risk factors at different levels of race training. Forty-eight Standardbred racehorses from 3 training stables in Quebec, Canada, were studied. Baseline historical information and gastroscopic findings were recorded at the beginning of the trial, and once a month thereafter, between December 2001 and June 2002, until the horse's 1st qualifying race or the end of the training. Intensity of training ranged from jogging to intensive training just before the 1st race and was assigned an ordinal score. Location of squamous ulcers and their appearance were observed on gastroscopy, and an ordinal score was assigned. Prevalence of squamous ulcers from the 2nd through the 4th month (72-88%) of training remained at a significantly higher level (P = .002 to .04) than at the onset of the study (38%) and was also higher in intensely trained horses than in joggers (93% versus 56%). Moderate or more intensive training increased the odds (odds ratio [OR], 3.39; confidence interval [CI], 1.34-8.56; and OR, 11.4; CI, 3.21-40.5, respectively) of detecting ulcers with higher scores. These odds were also higher in trotters (OR, 2.17; CI, 1.07-4.43) than in pacers and generally increased with the duration of training. Duration of training, training level, and gait type also influenced the number of sites with ulcers in the same way. Ulcers had higher scores along the lesser curvature (LC) and the margo plicatus (MP) areas of the stomach. It was concluded that squamous ulcers appeared early in the training of Standardbred racehorses, that the number of sites affected and the ulcer score are related to the intensity of training, and that trotters are more prone to squamous ulcers than pacers.  相似文献   

Effects of treatment with omeprazole or ranitidine on gastric squamous ulceration in racing Thoroughbreds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lester GD  Smith RL  Robertson ID 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(10):1636-1639

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of oral administration of omeprazole and ranitidine on gastric squamous ulceration in Thoroughbreds in race training. DESIGN: Modified crossover study. ANIMALS: 60 Thoroughbreds in race training with gastric squamous mucosal ulceration. PROCEDURE: Horses were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 received no treatment for 28 days followed by administration of omeprazole (4 mg/kg [1.8 mg/lb], PO, once daily) for 28 days; group 2 received omeprazole (4 mg/kg, PO, once daily) for 28 days followed by no treatment for 28 days; and group 3 received ranitidine (6.6 mg/kg [3.0 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h) for 28 days followed by administration of omeprazole (4 mg/kg, PO, once daily) for 28 days. Ulceration was assessed endoscopically at days 0, 28, 42, and 56. Lesions were scored from 0 (no ulceration) to 3 (severe ulceration). RESULTS: After the initial 28 days of treatment, the decrease in ulcer severity was significantly greater after omeprazole treatment than after ranitidine treatment. Ulcer severity decreased significantly in group 3 horses after 14 days of treatment with omeprazole. Discontinuation of omeprazole resulted in worsening of ulcer scores; however, ulcer scores at completion of the study were less than at day 0. Horses that received omeprazole after 28 days of ranitidine treatment had a further reduction in ulcer severity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Omeprazole was more effective than ranitidine in healing gastric squamous ulcers in Thoroughbreds in race training. Improvement was detected by 14 days and persisted in most of the group 2 horses for at least 28 days after omeprazole treatment was discontinued.  相似文献   

Les matières azotées et les acides organiques de quelques plantes fourra-gères destinées à l'alimentation des ruminants     

Fauconneau  Guy 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1958,3(1):124-137

Résumé Le taux d'azote des Raygrass, Fléole, Dactyle, Fétuque, Trèfle, Luzerne, décroît beaucoup au cours du développement, mais le taux de lysine, par rapport à (N×100/16), est relativement constant, de l'ordre de 7%; le taux de cystine est variable, compris entre 0,7 et 0,3% et plus faible chez le trèfle (0,3 à 0,2); la méthionine est au taux de 1,8 à 2% chez les graminées; 1 à 1,3 chez les légumineuses.L'azote protéique est toujours plus élevé (69 à 80%) % de l'N total dans les feuilles que dans les tiges (40 à 67%) ou les racines (16% chez les betteraves). Les aminoacides libres (luzerne, raygrass, choux, betteraves) comprennent partout alanine, sérine, valine, acide aminobutyrique; asparagine, acide aspartique, sont abondants chez Luzerne et Raygrass; glutamine et acide glutamique chez Choux et Betteraves. — Les acides malique (le plus important), malonique (à taux élevé dans feuilles et tiges agées), citrique, quinique, ont été dosés chez la luzerne, les acides malique, citrique, quinique, chez le Raygrass.

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Summary The content in nitrogen of Rye-grass, timothygrass, Cocksfoot, fescuegrass, clover, lucerne, decreases during the development, but the content in lysine, in relation to (N×100/16), is relatively constant, near 7%; the rate of cystine is variable, comprised between 0,7 and 0,3%, weaker in clover (0,3 to 0,2); methionine is at the rate of 1,8 to 2% in gramineous plants; 1 to 1,3 in leguminous plants.Protein nitrogen is always higher (69 to 80%) in leaves than in stems (40–67%) or in roots (16% in beets). Free aminoacids (lucerne, rye-grass, cabbages, beets) everywhere include alanine, serine, valine aminobutyric acid; asparagine, aspartic acid are abundant in lucerne and rye-grass; glutamine and glutamic acid (the most important), malonic (high rate in well developped leaves and stems), citric, quinic acids have been determined in lucerne, malic, citric and quinic acid in rye-grass.

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Zusammenfassung Der Stickstoffgehalt folgender Gräser: Raygrass, Lieschgrass, Knauelgrass, Schafgrass, Klee, Lucerne, nimmt während des Wachstums stark ab, der Lysin-Gehalt, im Vergleich zum Protein-Gehalt (N×100/16) bleibt ungefähr konstant, mit Werten 7%; der Cystin-Gehalt schwankt zwischen 0,7 und 0,3% und ist noch niedriger beim Klee (0,3 bis 0,2%); Methionin 1,8 bis 2% bei den Gräsern, 1 bis 1,3% bei den Leguminosen.Der Eiweiss-Stickstoff liegt immer höher in den Blättern (69–80%) als in den Stengeln, (40–67%) und in den Wurzeln (16% bei der Rübe). Die freien Aminosäuren (Luzerne, Raygrass, Kohl, Rübe) sind überall: Alanin, Serin, Valin, -Aminobuttersäure; Asparagin und Asparaginsäure wurden in grösserer Menge bei Luzerne und Raygrass gefunden; Glutamin und Glutaminsäure, sind bei Kohl und Rübe zu finden. Äpfelsäure, (die wichtigste Säure), Malonsäure (ziemlich hoher Gehalt in den gut ausgebildeten Blättern und Stengeln), Zitronensäure und Chinasäure wurden bei der Luzerne bestimmt; Äpfelsäure, Zitronensäure, Chinasäure, wurden beim Raygrass ermittelt.

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Avec la collaboration technique de MmeJ. Boudon et de MllesR. Chabrier, V. Goujon, E. Penot.  相似文献   

Isolation of Feline Herpesvirus 1 from the Trigeminal Ganglia of Acutely and Chronically Infected Cats     

Mark P. Nasisse DVM    Barbara J. Davis VMD    James S. Guy DVM  PhD    Michael G. Davidson DVM  Wendy Sussman BS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1992,6(2):102-103

Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is one of the most common viral infections of domestic cats worldwide, estimated to cause 50% of all respiratory infections in this species. Feline herpesvirus 1 is also an important ocular pathogen of cats, causing conjunctivitis, epithelial and stromal keratitis, symblepharon formation, keratocon-junctivitis sicca, and corneal sequestration. Despite the importance of this viral disease, major questions remain unanswered concerning the pathogenesis of its most important manifestation, the recrudescent infection. Although the taxonomic classification of FHV-1 as an alpha herpesvirus implies the ability of FHV-1 to establish neural latency, attempts at recovering the virus from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected cats have typically yielded negative results. This failure has stimulated speculation that neural tissue is not an important site for latent FHV-1. However, in the most successful of such studies, FHV-1 was isolated from the trigeminal ganglia of 3 of 17 cats using an explant technique. In the present study, we describe the successful isolation of FHV-1 from the trigeminal ganglia of cats using a similar tissue culture method.  相似文献   

Experimental reproduction of enteritis in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) with Cryptosporidium and reovirus     

J S Guy  M G Levy  D H Ley  H J Barnes  T M Gerig 《Avian diseases》1987,31(4):713-722

Five-day-old bobwhite quails were inoculated with reovirus and Cryptosporidium previously isolated from the intestinal contents of young, commercially raised bobwhite quails experiencing severe enteritis. Quails inoculated with reovirus alone did not develop clinically apparent disease, infection was localized principally in the intestinal tract, and no lesions were detected. Quails inoculated with Cryptosporidium, alone or with reovirus, developed severe enteritis with high mortality and marked growth depression. Cryptosporidia caused blunting of intestinal villi and provoked a mononuclear cell response in the lamina propria. The severity of intestinal lesions correlated with numbers of parasites. An apparent synergistic effect in dually infected quails was indicated by enhanced Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding, greater numbers of cryptosporidia in the intestinal tracts, and systemic reovirus infection. In addition, multifocal liver necrosis was detected in dually infected quails but was absent in quails infected with only reovirus or Cryptosporidium. The results suggest that Cryptosporidium promoted systemic spread of reovirus, and reovirus intensified Cryptosporidium infection, but no significant synergistic effect on mortality or weight gain was detected. The most important agent in the naturally occurring acute enteritis of bobwhite quails was Cryptosporidium.  相似文献   

Mild infectious laryngotracheitis in broilers in the southeast     

Sellers HS  García M  Glisson JR  Brown TP  Sander JS  Guy JS 《Avian diseases》2004,48(2):430-436

During 2001, a mild infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection occurred in broiler flocks in the southeastern United States. Clinical signs included mild tracheitis, swollen sinuses, and conjunctivitis, with no increased mortality and minimal serologic response. Infrequent intranuclear inclusion bodies with or without syncytial cell formation were observed in eyelid, trachea, and larynx and in the chorioallantoic membrane of infected embryos. Immunohistochemistry and a nested infectious laryngotracheitis polymerase chain reaction (ILT PCR) were utilized to confirm the presence of ILTV nucleic acid in fixed tissues. In addition, 2-wk-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) birds inoculated with field material exhibited the mild signs observed in broilers in the field. Tracheal swabs and tissues taken from these SPF birds were also positive by nested ILT PCR. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ILT PCR products indicated that ILT virus associated with mild respiratory disease in the southeast is related to the chicken embryo origin vaccine type strains.  相似文献